中国教育体系 History of education in China
中国历史文化概况(英文版)Unit 6 Education and Employment
+ Confucius, the great educator, devoted all his life to the private school system and instructed most students.
+ It is said that over three thousand disciples followed him, among whom there were 72 sages who went on to broaden the acceptance of the philosophy set out by their master - Confucianism: a philosophy embracing benevolence in living, diligence in learning, and so on.
Text A Ancient Education in China Text B Innovation of Education in Ming & Qing
Dynasties Supplementary Reading China"s Employment
Situation
+ 整体上掌握Text A和Text B 两篇文章的内容， 包括背景资料，单词，相关专有名词等。
+ The Nine Grades of Rank in the Regime System (or Jiupin zhongzheng system), employed the follow method: in each state and county there was offic acting as "Zhongzheng" with authority to decide people were ranked in the local precincts accor to ability.
(中国文化)英语复习
➢Overview1.The red colour of the National Flag of the PRC symbolizes revolution and theyellow colour of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land、The design of four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the munist Party of China (CPC)、2.China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west andplains in the east、Mountainous land and very rough terrains make up about 67% of Chinese territory, basins and plains about 33%、3.The first primitive man known to have existed in China is Yuanmou Man, wholived about 1、7 million years ago、Peking Man, who existed more than 600,000 years ago at Zhoukoudian, in the vicinity of modern Beijing, could walk upright, make and use simple tools, and make use of fire、4.Equality, unity, and mon prosperity are the basic principles of the Chinesegovernment in handling the relations between ethnic groups、5.PRC————People’s republic of China————中华人民共与国CPPCC———Chinese People’s Political consultative Conference———中国人民政治协商会议CPC——munist Party of China——中国共产党NPC——National People’s Congress——全国人民代表大会《义勇军进行曲》:March of the Volunteers京杭大运河:the Grand Canal between Beijing and Hangzhou炎黄子孙:descendants of Yan and Huang特别行政区:special administrative region一国两制:one country, two systems6.Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the PacificOcean, the PRC has a land area of about 9、6 million square kilometers, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada、China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east、Mountainous land and very rough terrains make up about 67% of Chinese territory, basins and plains about 33%、Most of China lies in the north temperate zone, characterized by a warm climate and distinctive seasons, a climate well suited for habitation、➢Chapter11.The philosophy in the pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of variousancient philosophy views、The most influential schools were Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Legalism、2.Ancient Chinese philosophers share some mon features such as their stress onspiritual existence, practice, morality, harmony and intuition、3.Chinese ethics and morality focuses more on harmony, collectivism and spirituallife、4.China, as a multi-religion country, has indigenous Taoist religion and religions offoreign origin such as Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity、5.The White Horse Temple located in the east of Luoyang, Henan Province, wasthe first officially built Buddhist temple in China in the Eastern Han dynasty、6.罢黜百家,独尊儒术:banning all schools of thought except Confucianism佛经:Buddhist scriptures三从四德:three obediences and four virtues八仙过海,各显神通:When the Eight Immortals cross the sea,each demonstrates their devine power、《古兰经》:the Koran7.China is a multi-religion country、The religions that are believed by Chinesepeople are mainly Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity, among which Taoism is indigenous to China while the others are of foreign origin、Chinese citizens may freely choose their religious beliefs and make clear their religious affiliations、➢Chapter21.On Faults of Qin——Jia Yi——Han dynastySong of Eternal Sorrow——Bai Juyi——Tang dynastyThe Scholarship——Wu Jingzi——Ming & Qing dynastiesThe Goddess——Guo Moruo——modern periodWives and Concubines——Su Tong——contemporary period2.诸子散文——philosophical prose文学评论——literary criticism婉约派——soft and tuneful school四大名著——the Four Great Classical Novels诺贝尔文学奖——the Nobel Prize for Literature3.The book of Songs, the first anthology of poetry in China,includes 305 poemsfrom the early Western Zhou dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn period, In the light of their rhythms, the works can be divided into three sections: feng, ya and song、The poems in The Book of Songs are mainly written in four character lines、In terms of its writing technique, it can be classified into fu, bi, and xing、As the starting point of Chinese literature, The Book of Songs has great influence on the literary works of later generations、➢Chapter31.Calligraphy retains the beauty of nature and illuminates the spiritual beauty ofhuman beings、Chinese calligraphy stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines、2.Traditional Chinese painting refers to ink-wash painting、It can be traced to theTang dynasty and flourished from the Yuan dynasty onwards、It holds an important place in the history of traditional landscape painting、3.Chinese opera in considered one of the three ancient forms of drama in the world,with the other two being Greek tragedy and edy and Indian Sanskrit opera、Of these three, only Chinese opera still remains alive、4.Erhu, sometimes known in the West as the “Chinese violin” , is a twostring bowedmusical instrument and is used as a solo instrument as well as for small ensembles and large orchestras、The most popular erhu piece is Two Springs Reflect the Moon、5.楷书:regular script 相声:crosstalk文房四宝:Four Treasures of the Study皮影戏:shadow plays弦乐器:plucked instruments6.Beijing Opera, which has a history of more than 200years, enjoys the greatestreputation among China’s traditional operas、In Beijing Opera, performers wear different types of make-up according to the characters they perform、Singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting are the four major artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera、Each action of a Beijing Opera performer is highly symbolic、Gestures, footwork, and other body movements can express the actions such as opening a door, going upstairs, rowing a boat, riding a horse, etc、➢Chapter41.Before 1905, there were two kinds of schools in China: private schools,run by scholars teaching students at home, and official institutions, which were open to children of nobles、2.In Chinese basic education, the curriculum is designed to makestudents well-round in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetical developments, based upon cognitive learning and the developmental needs of children at different ages、3.Secondary vocational school is an alternative to senior middle school、Its objective is to prepare students for the lines of production, services, technical services, management, etc、4.The history of higher education in China can be traced back to the Handynasty over 2000 years ago、It established taixue as the highest educational institute to cultivate senior scholars to help administer national affairs、Since the Sui dynasty, the institute for higher education was called guozijian, which was also the highest administrative bureau for national affairs、5.四书五经:Four Books and Five Classics科举制度:imperial civil examination system九年义务教育:Nine-Year pulsory Education职业教育: vocational education孔子学院:Confucius Institute6.The imperial civil examination system was an examination systemthrough which talented people were recognized and selected as government officials in China’s feudal society、The practice began in the Sui dynasty and lasted about 1300 years until the end of the Qing dynasty、It had profound impact on the post-Sui-Tang China’s social structure, political system, educational system, and humanistic ideologies、➢Chapter51.The four great inventions in ancient China have bee important symbols of China’simportant role in human civilization、They are the pass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing、2.TCM is very different from Western medicine in its means of diagnosis andtreatment, and its position of drugs and prescriptions、3.The seismograph, invented by Zhang Heng, can indicate the direction of a distantearthquake、It was over 1700years later that a similar instrument was invented in Europe、4.On 20 November 1984,xiangyanghong-10 sailed from Shanghai, arriving inAntarctica on 25 December, marking a significant progress in China’s polar research、5.Tiangong-1 is China’s first space station which serves as both a mannedlaboratory and an experimental testbed、It demonstrates its orbital rendezvous and docking capabilities、6.Bian Que——four methods of diagnosisHua Tuo——mafeisanZhang Zhongjing——On DiseasesLi Shizhen——pendium of Meteria Medica7.活字印刷术:movable type printing五禽戏:Five-Animal Exercises四则运算: four fundamental operations of arithmetic哥德巴赫猜想:Goldbach’s Conjecture杂交水稻: hybrid rice8.When it es to China’s ancient science and technology, people may immediatelythink of the four great inventions, namely, the pass, gunpowder, paper-makingand printing、However, in ancient China, great achievements were also made in astronomy, mathematics, traditional Chinese medicine, agriculture, manufacturing and so on、Achievements made in traditional Chinese medicine were especially remarkable、Bian Que, of the Warring States period, invented the four methods of diagnosis: observation, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, and palpation and pulse feeling、pendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen is regarded as the most plete and prehensive medical book ever written in the history of traditional Chinese medicine、➢Chapter61.Tang dynasty——equestrian poloSong dynasty——cujuYuan dynasty——chuiwan2.Modern martial arts consist of five categories: boxing, weapon exercises, sparringexercises, actual bat and teamwork、3.Qigong, also called deep breathing exercise, is practiced by the Chinese on aregular basis to keep fit、“Qi” literally means “air” and implies “life force”、4.Yangge is a traditional dance acpanied by rhythmic folk music or singing, with thedancers dressed in costumes and holding fans or handkerchiefs、5.It was not until 1932 when the 10th Olympic Games were held in Los Angeles thatChina was invited for the first time to send athletes to pete、Again in Los Angeles in 1984, Xu Haifeng was the first gold medal winner, which marked the beginning of China’s success in the Olympic Games、6.踢毽子: shuttlecock kicking武术: martial arts太极拳: tai chi chuan全民健身: nationwide physical fitness北京奥运会:Beijing Olympic Games7.With hundreds of styles, Chinese martial arts can be divided into many schools、As an important school of Chinese martial arts, tai chi chuan is marked with slow and gentle movements、Since it can be used for self-defense and body building, tai chi chuan has bee an important method of physical exercise for people、At the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games, the tai chi chuan performance given by 2008 players created a great sensation、➢Chapter71.Zhuang people ——Antiphonal Singing FestivalMiao people——Jumping Flower FestivalDai people——Water-Splashing FestivalYao people——Danu FestivalMongolians——Nadam FairBai people——Third Month Festival2.小年——Preliminary Eve春节联欢晚会——Spring Festival Gala七夕节——Double Seventh Festival自治州——autonomous prefecture黄金周——Golden Week3.The Spring Festival is China’s most important traditional festival that falls on thefirst day of the first lunar month、There are many customs observed during this festival such as burning firecrackers, pasting Spring Festival couplets, paying New Year visits, eating dumplings, etc、There are various celebrations in different places during this festival, among which traditional temple fairs last for days、➢Chapter81.Generally speaking, there are three essential standards by which Chinese cookingis judged, namely, color, aroma, and taste, with taste being the most important、2.At a formal banquet, the host prepares adequate seats foe the guests、The elderlyand people of high status usually sit at the northern side of the table or directly facing the entrance to the room、The concept of “honored south, humble north” is closely related with traditional Chinese etiquette、3.Chinese tea can be classified into five basic categories according to their differentprocessing techniques、The five types are green tea, black tea, oolong tea, pressed tea, and scented tea、Some minor types are white tea and yellow tea、4.The drinkers’wager game has many forms, depending on the drinkers’socialstatus, and interest、Generally, there are three categories: general games, literary games and peting games、5.八大菜系——eight regional cuisines老火靓汤——double-stewed soup《舌尖上得中国》——A Bite of China乌龙茶——oolong tea交杯酒——arm-crossed wine6.There is an old saying in China, “food is what matters most to people、” It illustratesthe significant role food plays in the life of Chinese people、As a vast country with diverse climates, products, and customs, China is known to have eight regional cuisines which include Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hunan cuisines、There are three essential standards by which Chinese cooking is judged, namely, color, aroma, and taste, with taste being the most important、The names of Chinese dishes are many and various、There are interesting stories behind the names of famous Chinese dishes, which add to the mystique of Chinese food culture、➢Chapter91.Chinese rules of etiquette regarding costumes and adornments started takingshape in the Zhou dynasty, regulating from nobles down to moners、2.Band knots had been used in the front of costumes for several thousand yearsbefore the Ming dynasty, but they were replaced by buttons for the first time in the Ming dynasty、3.The four most famous types of embroidery in China are Sichuan embroidery,Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery and Guangdong embroidery、4.When a girl is born into a Miao family, her parents will save on food and expensesso as to purchase a plete set of silver jewelry for her、5.The Korean people are known as the “people in white” due to their special love ofthe white color、6.稻田装——paddy-field costume丝绸之路——Silk Road蜡染——batik or wax painting中山装——Chinese tunic suit订婚礼物——betrothal gift7.As a vital part of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese costumes andadornments play an important role in the country’s history and culture、On the stage of modern fashion, the Tang costume, cheongsam, and Chinese tunic suit have still been popular; and they have bee the source of inspirations for many top fashion designers、Embroidery, batik, and other traditional Chinese folk arts have also attracted tourists at home and abroad、。
对中国的教育了解多少的英语作文
对中国的教育了解多少的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Much Do You Know About Education in China?IntroductionEducation in China has undergone significant transformation over the last few decades. From a system focused on rote learning to one that emphasizes creativity and critical thinking, the Chinese education system has come a long way. In this essay, we will explore the key features of Chinese education, its strengths and weaknesses, and the challenges it faces in the future.Historical BackgroundThe history of education in China dates back thousands of years, with ancient civilizations like the Zhou and Han dynasties making significant contributions to the field. Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, emphasized the importance of education in shaping one's character and morality. The imperial examination system, introduced during the Sui dynasty, was akey institution in selecting officials based on their knowledge of Confucian classics.Key Features of Chinese EducationThe Chinese education system is known for its rigorous academic standards and high-stakes examinations. Students are required to memorize vast amounts of information and excel in subjects like math, science, and language. The gaokao, or the National College Entrance Examination, is a make-or-break test that determines a student's future academic and career prospects.In recent years, there has been a shift towards a more holistic approach to education in China. The government has introduced policies to promote creativity, innovation, and critical thinking in schools. Project-based learning, student-centered teaching methods, and extracurricular activities are becoming increasingly popular in Chinese schools.Strengths of Chinese EducationOne of the key strengths of Chinese education is its emphasis on academic achievement. Chinese students consistently outperform their international peers in standardized tests like the PISA (Programme for International StudentAssessment). The strong work ethic, discipline, and determination of Chinese students are often cited as reasons for their success.Another strength of Chinese education is its focus on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects. China is known for producing a large number of graduates in these fields, which has contributed to its economic growth and technological advancement.Challenges Facing Chinese EducationDespite its strengths, Chinese education also faces several challenges. One of the key issues is the pressure-cooker environment in schools, where students are pushed to excel academically at the expense of their mental health andwell-being. Cases of student suicides and academic burnout are increasingly common in China.Another challenge is the quality of education in rural areas. There is a significant disparity in educational resources between urban and rural schools, with rural students having limited access to qualified teachers, modern facilities, and educational materials. Closing the education gap between urban and rural areas remains a pressing issue for the Chinese government.Future Directions for Chinese EducationTo address these challenges, the Chinese government has introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving the quality and equity of education in the country. These reforms include reducing the emphasis on standardized testing, promoting vocational education, and increasing investment in rural schools.In conclusion, education in China is a complex and dynamic system that continues to evolve. While the Chinese education system has made significant progress in recent years, there are still areas that require further improvement. By addressing these challenges and building on its strengths, China can create a more inclusive and innovative education system for future generations.篇2How Much Do You Know about Education in China?IntroductionEducation in China has a long and rich history, dating back thousands of years. The Chinese education system has undergone significant changes over the years, from traditional Confucian teachings to the modern education system we see today. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects ofeducation in China, including its history, structure, and current challenges.History of Education in ChinaEducation in China has always been highly valued, dating back to ancient times. In the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), the imperial examination system was established to select talented individuals for government positions. This system continued for over 1,000 years and played a significant role in shaping the educational system in China.During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), the education system underwent major reforms under the influence of Western ideas. The traditional Confucian teachings were gradually replaced by modern subjects such as science, mathematics, and foreign languages.Modern Education SystemThe modern education system in China is structured into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Primary education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 15 and consists of six years of schooling. Secondary education includes junior middle school (grades 7-9) and senior middle school (grades10-12). Tertiary education includes universities, colleges, and vocational schools.The Chinese education system is known for its focus on academic excellence and rigorous testing. Students are required to take the Gaokao, a highly competitive college entrance exam that determines their future academic and career prospects. The pressure to succeed in the Gaokao can be immense, leading to concerns about the mental health of students.Challenges in Chinese EducationDespite its achievements, the Chinese education system faces several challenges. One of the main issues is the disparity in education quality between urban and rural areas. Schools in rural areas often lack resources and qualified teachers, leading to unequal educational opportunities for students.Another challenge is the emphasis on rote memorization and test-taking skills over critical thinking and creativity. This has been criticized for stifling innovation and independent thinking among students.Furthermore, the competitive nature of the education system can place a heavy burden on students, leading to stress, anxiety, and mental health issues. Efforts are being made toreform the education system and reduce the pressure on students, but progress has been slow.ConclusionEducation in China has a long and complex history, with a strong emphasis on academic excellence and testing. While the Chinese education system has achieved remarkable success, it also faces challenges such as inequality, rigid teaching methods, and pressure on students. By addressing these issues and promoting innovation and creativity, China can continue to improve its education system and prepare students for success in the 21st century.篇3How much do you know about education in China?IntroductionEducation plays a crucial role in shaping the future of a country, and China is no exception. With a long history of valuing education, China has made significant strides in improving its education system over the years. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of education in China, including its history, structure, challenges, and achievements.History of Education in ChinaEducation in China has a long history dating back thousands of years. In ancient times, education was mainly reserved for the elite class, with a focus on Confucian teachings. The imperial examination system, which was introduced during the Sui Dynasty in the 6th century, played a key role in selecting government officials based on their knowledge of Confucian texts.During the Qing Dynasty, education underwent significant changes with the establishment of modern schools and the adoption of Western educational practices. The May Fourth Movement in 1919 marked a turning point in China's education system, leading to the promotion of science, democracy, and new cultural movements.Structure of Education in ChinaThe education system in China is divided into three main levels: primary education, secondary education, and higher education.Primary education, which lasts for six years, is compulsory for all children aged 6 to 11. The curriculum includes subjects such as Chinese language, mathematics, science, music, art, andphysical education. At the end of primary education, students take a national exam known as the Gaokao, which determines their placement in secondary schools.Secondary education is divided into junior high school (grades 7-9) and senior high school (grades 10-12). During this stage, students continue to study a wide range of subjects, with a focus on preparing for the Gaokao. In recent years, vocational education has gained popularity as an alternative to academic education.Higher education in China is provided by universities, colleges, and vocational schools. The most prestigious universities, such as Peking University and Tsinghua University, are known for their rigorous academic programs and competitive admissions process. The number of college graduates in China has been steadily increasing, leading to concerns about unemployment and underemployment among graduates.Challenges Facing Education in ChinaDespite its achievements, education in China faces several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the biggest challenges is the pressure on students to perform well academically, leading to a highly competitive and stressfulenvironment. Many students attend after-school tutoring classes known as "cram schools" to improve their chances of success in the Gaokao.Another challenge is the lack of creativity and critical thinking skills among students, as the education system tends to prioritize rote memorization and standardized testing. This has led to calls for reforms that emphasize innovation, creativity, and practical skills.In addition, there are concerns about the quality of education in rural areas, where schools often lack resources and qualified teachers. The digital divide between urban and rural areas is also a barrier to equal access to education for all students.Achievements in Education in ChinaDespite these challenges, China has made remarkable progress in expanding access to education and improving the quality of its education system. The country has achievednear-universal primary education, with a high enrollment rate among children aged 6 to 11.China's investment in higher education has also paid off, with a growing number of universities ranking among the top inthe world. The government has implemented policies to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education, leading to a surge in research and development activities.Furthermore, China has made strides in improving vocational education and training, with a focus on developing a skilled workforce to meet the demands of the changing economy. Programs such as "Made in China 2025" aim to upgrade the manufacturing sector and promote high-tech industries through vocational education.ConclusionIn conclusion, education in China has come a long way since ancient times, with a strong emphasis on academic excellence and traditional values. While the education system faces challenges such as academic pressure and lack of creativity, China has made significant achievements in expanding access to education, promoting innovation, and developing a skilled workforce. With ongoing reforms and investments in education, China is well-positioned to continue its progress in shaping the future of the country.。
用英文介绍中国的教育系统作文
用英文介绍中国的教育系统作文China's education system is one of the largest and most complex in the world. It consists of a combination of traditional Chinese educational practices and modern education techniques. The education system is overseen by the Ministry of Education, and it is divided into several levels including preschool education, primary education, secondary education, and higher education.Preschool education in China is not compulsory and is usually for children aged 3 to 6. This level of education is not part of the formal education system and is often provided by kindergartens, which can be privately or publicly operated. The curriculum at this level focuses on developing children's social skills, creativity, and basic knowledge.Primary education in China is compulsory and is for children aged 6 to 12. It consists of six years of schooling and is divided into two stages: lower primary and upper primary. The curriculum at this level includes Chinese, mathematics, science, physical education, music, art, and moral education.Secondary education in China is divided into junior secondary and senior secondary education. Junior secondary education is for students aged 12 to 15 and consists of three years of schooling. The curriculum at this level is more comprehensive and includes Chinese, mathematics, English, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history, politics, music, art, and physical education.Senior secondary education is for students aged 15 to 18 and consists of three years of schooling. At this level, students have the option to choose between academic and vocational tracks. The academic track prepares students for the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE), which is the most important examination for Chinese students as it determines their placement into higher education institutions.Higher education in China includes universities, colleges, and vocational schools. China has some of the top universities in the world and is a popular destination for international students. Higher education institutions in China offer a wide range of academic programs and research opportunities.Overall, China's education system has made significant progress in recent years. The government has investedheavily in education, and there have been improvements in access to education, infrastructure, and teaching quality. However, challenges such as regional disparities,curriculum reform, and the pressure of the NCEE continue to impact the system.中国的教育系统是世界上最大、最复杂的教育系统之一。
2018年辽宁学位英语教材英语原文配翻译
2018年辽宁学位英语教材英语原文配翻译Unit One EducationText AThe History of Education in ChinaMany scholar believe the history of education in China can be traced back to as far as the16th century B.C.，during the late Xia Dynasty(1523 B.C.-1027 B.C.).Throughout this period of time，education was the privilege of the elites.In the teaching of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770B.C.-221B.C.），the curriculum was mainly based on The Four Books and The Five Classics.Confucianism probably has the biggest influence on education of China throughout the entire Chinese history. Later in Han Dynasty，a form of public education system was established. Not only elites from upper class families can study in schools，but also common people.In Confucianism，a gentleman(Chun Tzu)considers what is right，while the peasant considers what will pay.A gentleman trusts in justice, while the peasant trusts in favor.A gentleman is generous and fair,while the peasant is biased and petty.A gentleman is easy to serve,and hard to please.The peasant is hard to serve，and easy to please.A gentleman is to know what we know,and know what we do not know. The basic concept of gentleman in Confucianism often emphasizes thedifferent behaviors between the gentleman and the peasant.A peasant in ancient Chinese society can be better described as today's common man or average citizen.As a result,not everyone can be a gentleman in ancient Chinese society.In fact.studying Confucianism itself was limited to very few people in ancient China.Most of them are from ruling and upper class families.They were the group of people in need to educate in the classics and understand morality.They needed to understand why things have to be done as they had the duty to their families,ancestors and the empire.Gentleman with knowledge will then carry out Chinese cultural traditions or even set rules of society for others.On the other hand，the common people should follow the traditions and rules.In ancient Chinese culture,there was no need for the common people to know why.For common people,studying Confucianism and being a gentleman had been the most efficient way for them to advance into upper class.During Han Dynasty,the first civil service exam was set up.Confucianism,with no surprise,was one of the key subjects to study for the civil service exam.Provincial schools were established countrywide and the Confucianist tradition of education was spread all over China."To enrich your family,there is no need to buy good land:books hold a thousand measures of grain.For an easy life, there is no need to build mansion:in books are found houses of gold. When you go out,do not be upset if no one follows you:in books therewill be a crowd of horses and carriages.If you wish to marry,don't be upset if you don't have a go-between:in books there are girls with faces like jade.A young man who wishes to be somebody will devote his time to the Classics.He will face the window and read."There were people who spend their entire lifetime studying on Confucianism in order to get respected,not only for themselves,but also for the pride of their family lines.The civil service exam system from the Han Dynasty had been used until the Qing Dynasty,Changes had been made throughout thousands of years of history,and more western influence was brought into the Chinese education system during the Qing Dynasty.With the humiliating defeat under the hands of British army in the Opium War(1840-1842), scholars and government officials suggested a major restructure of education system,developing new areas such as foreign languages, science and technology.In1911,the Qing Dynasty itself was overthrown by revolution,and a republican form of government was established.At that time,government completely abandoned the traditional way of education.New educational models from Europe,America and Japan were set up in China.Before1946,the country had only1,300kindergartens,289,000 primary schools and4,266secondary schools.With the adoption of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world in1978,basiceducation entered a new era of progress.In1985,the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issued the"Decision on the Reform of the Educational Structure",laying down the principle that local governments should be responsible for basic education.The new policy was an incentive for local governments,especially those of the counties and townships.In1986,the National People's Congress promulgated the "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China",thus placing basic education in the country on a firm legal basis.In1993,the Central Committee and the State Council jointly issued the"Guidelines for the Reform and Development of Education in China", clarifying the directions and basic policies for the development of basic education till the early years of the21st century.In early1999,the State Council ratified the"Action Plan for Educational Vitalization Facing the 21st Century"formulated by the Ministry of Education(MOE),laying down the implementation of the strategy of"Invigorate China through Science,Technology and Education"and drawing the blueprint of reform and development for the cross century education based on the"Education Law of the People's Republic of China"and the"Guidelines for the Reform and Development of Education in China".In June1999, the Central Committee and the State Council jointly promulgated the"Decision on the Deepening of Educational Reform and the Full Promotion of Quality Education",clarifying the direction for theestablishment of a vital socialistic education with Chinese characteristics in the21st century.During the past60years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,basic education in China has gained tremendous achievements. By the end of2002,the Nine-Year Compulsory Education(NYCE)had been universalized in the area where90%of the population inhabits,the highest rate among the E-9countries.中国教育史。
中国教育史考研面试专业英语
中国教育史考研面试专业英语1. 中国教育史：History of Chinese Education2. 儒家教育思想：Confucian Educational Thought3. 科举制度：Imperial Examination System4. 私塾：Private School5. 京师同文馆：Tungwen College6. 癸卯学制：Guimao Education System7. 新文化运动：New Culture Movement8. 教育现代化：Educational Modernization9. 素质教育：Quality-Oriented Education10. 终身教育：Lifelong Education在面试中，你可能会被要求用英语回答关于中国教育史的问题，例如：1. 请简要介绍一下中国古代的教育制度。
Please give a brief introduction to the education system in ancient China.2. 谈谈你对儒家教育思想的理解。
Share your understanding of Confucian educational thought.3. 科举制度对中国教育的发展有哪些影响？What were the impacts of the imperial examination system on the development of education in China?4. 京师同文馆在中国教育史上的地位和作用是什么？What is the status and role of Tungwen College in the history of education in China?5. 如何看待新文化运动对中国教育的影响？How do you view the impact of the New Culture Movement on education in China?此外，你还应该准备一些关于自己的专业背景、研究兴趣和未来规划的英文回答，以便更好地展示自己的能力和潜力。
谈谈对中国教育的看法英语作文
谈谈对中国教育的看法英语作文Title: My Perspective on Chinese EducationChinese education, rich in tradition and deeply rooted in history, has evolved significantly over the years. It is a system that places a strong emphasis on academic excellence, with a focus on rigorous testing and competition. This approach has undoubtedly produced numerous high-achieving students who excel in various fields.One of the most notable aspects of Chinese education is its commitment to knowledge acquisition. Students are encouraged to memorize vast amounts of information and apply it in a variety of contexts. This approach fosters a strong foundation in the basics, preparing students for further academic pursuits.However, it is also worth noting that the system can be quite demanding, with heavy workloads and high expectations. This can lead to stress and anxiety among students, especially during critical periods like exams. The emphasis on competition can also create a sense of rivalry that may overshadow the importance of collaboration and teamwork.In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to balance academic excellence with the development of other important skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, and emotional intelligence. Many schools and educators are now exploring innovative teaching methods and curriculum designs that aim to foster a more holistic and balanced approach to education.Overall, Chinese education has its strengths and challenges. It excels in promoting academic excellence but could benefit from a more balanced approach that incorporates a wider range of skills and abilities. As the world continues to change and evolve, it is crucial that the education system adapts and innovates to meet the needs of the future generation.。
中国教育发展历程及现状英语作文
中国教育发展历程及现状英语作文The Development and Current Situation of Education in ChinaChina has a long history of education, dating back thousands of years. Throughout its development, the education system in China has gone through various phases and reforms, aiming to provide quality education to its population. In this essay, we will explore the historical development of education in China and its current status.Historical DevelopmentEducation in China can be traced back to ancient times when scholars and teachers imparted knowledge to the aristocracy. The establishment of Confucianism as the dominant philosophy in China led to the development of a system of education that emphasized moral values, ethics, and classical literature. During the imperial period, education was limited to the elite class, with the civil service examination system being the primary means of social mobility.The late Qing dynasty witnessed attempts to modernize the education system, with the introduction of Western-style schools and the promotion of science and technology. The founding ofthe Republic of China in 1911 brought about further reforms in education, with the abolishment of the civil service examination system and the adoption of a more secular curriculum.However, it was not until the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 that significant changes were made to the education system. The government implemented a series of reforms aimed at universalizing education, promoting literacy, and providing equal educational opportunities to all citizens. The Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976 severely disrupted the education system, leading to the closure of schools and the persecution of teachers and intellectuals.Current StatusSince the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, China has made significant progress in education. The government has invested heavily in developing the education system, increasing funding for schools, building new educational facilities, and expanding access to education in rural areas. The nine-year compulsory education policy was introduced to ensure that all children receive a basic education.Today, China boasts a large and diverse education system, with a variety of schools, colleges, and universities offering a wide range of programs and courses. The country has madegreat strides in improving the quality of education, with a focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) subjects and vocational training. Chinese students consistently perform well in international assessments, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).Despite these achievements, there are still challenges facing the education system in China. Disparities in educational resources and opportunities exist between urban and rural areas, with rural schools often lacking in funding and qualified teachers. The pressure to succeed in the highly competitive education system has also led to issues such as academic stress, mental health problems, and a focus on rote memorization rather than critical thinking.In conclusion, education in China has come a long way since ancient times, with the government making significant efforts to improve the quality and accessibility of education for its citizens. While there have been notable achievements, there are still areas that require attention and reform. By addressing these challenges and continuing to invest in education, China can further enhance its education system and empower its citizens to meet the demands of the modern world.。
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The introduction of modern education
Following the defeat of the Chinese empire in the Opium Wars, modern western education was eagerly sought out in the domains of foreign languages, national defence, and new techniques of industrial production. The Capital Foreign Language House (zh:京师 同文馆) (jīng-shī tóng-wén-guǎn) was set up in 1862. Countless overseas students were sent by the government or by their families to Europe, USA, and Japan. In the late 19th century, several modern universities were founded, such as Peking University and Jiaotong University.
History of education in China
History of education in China
• The history of education in China began with the birth of Chinese civilization. The nobles often set up the educational establishments for their offspring. The Shang Hsiang was a legendary school to teach the youth nobles. The government later established the civil service exam, where people from the lower classes could take tests in order to obtain prominent governmental positios BC, Qin Shi Huang favored Legalism (Chinese philosophy),and regarded others as either dangerous to his rule or useless,so he carried out burning of books and burying of scholars. He suppressed all non-state official ideas. Similar to ancient Greece and Rome, the patriarchal nature of Qin society meant that women were usually not educated and stayed home to do housework.
Properties of local schools
Imperial examination required the competitors to pass their local cutting score before the final examination in capitol. So the private school prevailed. White Deer Grotto Academy and Donglin Academy were their models. The invention of Paper and Movable type greatly boosted the educational industry.
Contents
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Zhou Dynasty Hundred Schools of Thought Qin era Confucianism as the education doctrine Properties of local schools
The introduction of modern education
Zhou Dynasty
The government founded five national schools to educate Six Arts of junior nobles.
Hundred Schools of Thought
At that time, numerous different schools enrolled the students. The most famous one was the Confucianism and its leader Confucius was seen as the founder of education for the masses. One of his sayings was Provide education for all people without discrimination (Chinese:有教无类 yǒu-jiàowú-lèi). Another was Teach according to the student's ability (Chinese: 因材施教 yīn-cái-shī-jiào). The different schools were often organized into political entities to gain social influence.
Confucianism as the education doctrine
Emperor Wu of Han favored Confucianism and made it as the national educational doctrine.The Taixue was setup to turn out civil servant for the empire. Imperial examination began at 605, and the educational system for Chinese Empire was finaled modeled until the abolishment in 1905, and replaced by modern Western Education. Meanwhile art school Pear Garden appeared in early 8th century, and in 1178 national military school Wu Xue (zh:武学) was set up.