跨文化交际chapter8
跨文化交际实用教程 unit 8
Humor
Failure to understand humor is a common occurrence.
“You are also human” A compliment in America, but cause embarrassment in China.
Chapter 1: Humor as a Pathway to Intercultural Communication Competence
Elements that may hinder our understanding of English humor
Vocabulary “Quid” is the modern word for what was once called a "shilling”. friends are called “tossers”. If you are fond of someone, you should tell him he is a “great tosser” -- he will be touched.
Humor goes beyond language. Learning how to explain humor and how to ask questions about humor is important for intercultural communication. A two-stage process is involved in sharing humor between native and non-native speakers.
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：
跨文化交际(英文版)
Cross –cultural communicationThesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries.Outline:Chapter 1: Language and culture in communicationChapter2: Culture shockChapter3: What’s in a name?Chapter4: Social interactionChapter 5: Roles and relationsChapter6: Non-verbal communicationChapter 7: In other words.Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global VillageConclusionChapter 1: Language and culture in communicationThere is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance.What is communication?In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication andnon-verbal communication. However, different people hold different opinions about communication. In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchange of information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himself.Communication not just exist in human-beingsThere are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other.For human beings, how can we communicate with each other?Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message.What is social situation?When there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social sA social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in social situation.Chapter2: Culture shockWe should not only know what communication is but we should know what culture shock is.In contemporary society, as our country is developing faster and faster, more and more foreigners will come to our country. Communicating with foreigners is an interesting thing. However, there is no doubt that it can easily cause misunderstanding which is called culture shock. There are several kinds of culture shock.Hospitality: First of all, in Britain, hospitality can not be judged by whether hosts put the food into your dishes, in there, everyone has own dishes, everyone helps themselves. By contrast, in our country, when we have guests, hosts may put the food into guest’s dishes to show their hospitality, so this is different.Politeness: When it comes to this word, in many case, foreigners were described as being polite than Chinese. For example, when we finish work, foreigners may say thank you to us, although it is out duties. However, for Chinese, they seldom say thank you because they think someone who serves them are their duties.What’s more, when we get along with foreigners, we should avoid asking their salaries, jobs and religious and so on. For the young, it’s all right to ask their ages, for the adults, this question is not allowed, especially for the females. But in china, these questions are allowed.In conclusion, when we face these culture shocks, it is better to keep a cool head, and then make an adjustment toward it, finally, we can cope with it. As time goes by, we can adapt it. For example, American Jewish and Israel, the two groups are equal and integration. Both groups havepositive attitudes toward one another. So I am sure that after learning this unit, we can know a lot about culture shock and can easily communicate with foreigners.Chapter 3: What’s in a name?The topic of unit three is “what’s in a name?” As is known to all, the English name is different from the Chinese name .The Chinese name consists of family name and given name ,with family name put first. But in contrast, the family name of English name is coming last. Most English people have three names. The last name , or surname is the family name .This is the family name of the father and is given to all his children. And the first name is given to the child at birth, which is called “given name”. And another name used to refer to them is Christian name.However, Chinese name can give all sorts of information about a Chinese people .they may give the address, the birthday ,and also tell us about the family relationship, ethic groups, sex and the parents’ expectation for their children. At the same time, in Chinese the use of kin terms is closely related to age politeness, such as that children are expected to call an old lady, Granny and call a male adult who is older than their fathers, elder uncle. The appropriate and extend use of kin term according to age is taken as reflecting good manners.Chapter4: Social interactionWhat is “social interaction”. It is the topic of unit four. Social interaction is an important way of human existence, and it is different from other animals’communication. And it’s meaningful. Different countries have different social interactions. Many Chinese people tend to ask age, marital status, and even salary when they meet each other first. To the Chinese people, these are open conversational topic. and Chinese people pay much attention to family life. So in their spare time, they will talk about the family member features as a common topic. It is so natural. And the salary is not a secret .and when a Chinese offers refreshments or drinks to his colleague, his colleague often declines the offer politely, because he don’t want to trouble the person who offers. And it also shows his politeness. But in western countries, if you ask the person who meet you first about these, they will feel so bad. They think it is not polite.Do you know how English native negotiate a time to meet .from the text I know that you may find their way of settling on a time is quite similar to our own, that is , normally one gives or suggests a time, then the other may find it is not suitable and suggest another time, and finally a time is fixed which suits both.Consequently, you can know from above, different countries have different habits.Chapter 7: In other words.Different languages cause some misunderstandingsThere are many countries that their language is the same. such as America , British, Canada, Australia，and so on, they all speak English, people from America and British speak different varieties of English. They usually find little difficulty in understanding each other. However, there are some differences which may cause some misunderstanding, because of profusion of synonyms that they use different words to refer to the same thing. But for other countries which do not speak English they hardlyunderstand the idioms, for example “face the music” in America it means to accept the criticisms, unpleasant consequences, etc . it probably comes from the custom in some Western armies of punishing soldiers to the sound of beating drums, if a person who is come from China may comprehend that enjoy himself by listening to music. on the contrary，they can not understand the meaning of Chinese idioms.There are some similar in languagesWith the exception, both English and Chinese have many such idioms that refer to animals, and some animals have similar associations in both cultures: deer, for example , are bloodthirsty and cruel, ect . But some other animals have rather different associations, like dogs, in the eyes of English-speaking people，dog is loyal ,but in the eyes of Chinese it aways contains derogatory sense are seen rather differently from the way appear to us. About proverb, since human experiences and observations of the world are in many respect similar. in spit of the dissimilar cultural backgrounds of the Chinese and the English-speaking peoples, the number of proverbs or saying in two language that are equivalent or closely approximate is rather surprising.Swearwords is the taboo for every countriesEvery language contains a special group of taboo words which people avoid using because they find them embarrassing or offensive. In many languages, swearwords are taboo, this is generally true of both English and Chinese. In English, certain swearwords seem to be more offensive than others and consequently the social prohibition against their use is stricter.Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global VillageAnimals might have astonishing ways of showing their emotions and feelings. This unit takes us back in to history, inviting us to reflect upon how man has extended his limbs and senses by using new technologies. Nowadays, the technologies are so advanced that communication over long distance can be done in a split of a second. People all over the world are living, quite literally, in a global village. In the textbook, we have learned that animals might have astonishing ways of showing their emotions and feelings. The way different kinds of animals behave, have fascinated great minds since Plato and AristotleCommunication is covering everywhereOne point that is beyond doubt is that our ancestors were extremely handicapped --- in comparison with us now --- in communication. From the Stone Age, to the present day, over 2,000,000 years, man has done his best to extend himself in order to improve his way of communication. Writing, printing technology, postal services, telegraph, telephone, radio, picture communication, television, computer and laser technology, internet --- these have extended man’smouth, eyes, ears, hands, legs, in short the whole body beyond a house, a village, a county, a province, a country, an ocean, a continent, and even beyond the mother earth to the moon and the Mars. Going global is great, but an entirely different tone was heard: Globalization is a menace to mankind. Globalization will make the powers more powerful but the weak is weaker and the poor is poorer.ConclusionDifferent countries have their own cultures, so it causes the different cultures .Consequently, sometimes the people come from different places may cause some misunderstandings. After learning this textbook we can get along well with people all over the world.Finally, through this paper, we can learn more knowledge.Welcome To Download !!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。
跨文化交际英文版8 Understanding Culture
From Social Perspective
Culture is what a society does and thinks.
Culture covers everything of a society.
From Intercultural Communication Perspective
I. What is Culture?
Culture is everything. Culture is opera, art, and ballet. Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. What really binds men together is their culture. A culture is a collections of beliefs, habits, living patterns and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.
Her meeting with Geoffrey is warm. But on the evening before they are to be married, Rosemary feels she must tell Geoffrey how she succeeded in getting across the river. Geoffrey responds by saying, “I wouldn’t marry you if you were the last woman on earth.” Finally, Rosemary turns to her friend, Dennis. Dennis listens to her story and says, “Well, I don’t love you… but I will marry you.”
跨文化交际英文版8 Understanding Culture
What is Culture
That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom and any otheired by man as a member of society. ---Edward B. Tylor
Define culture from different perspectives
From Intellectual Perspective From Anthropological Perspective From Social Perspective From Intercultural Communication Perspective
From Social Perspective
Culture is what a society does and thinks.
Culture covers everything of a society.
From Intercultural Communication Perspective
Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.
Movie to Watch
Mexican American Culture vs. Anglo-Saxon Culture
Self-check List
跨文化交际(UNIT 8)英文 PPT
Review of Unit 7
1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is the dominating time system in our culture?
2. What is the right way of dealing with issues of space and privacy in an intercultural environment?
➢ It occurs when our nation is seen as the of the world.
➢ In other words, it refers to our tendency to identify with our ingroup and to evaluate outgroups and their members according to its standard.
Idioms which are culturally loaded include:
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
➢ Ethnocentrism often is expressed in the way people draw their maps. People tend to draw maps of the world with their own country at the center and with other parts of the world depicted as peripheral.
跨文化交际Unit 8(大二英语)
I. What is Culture?
Culture is everything. Culture is opera, art, and ballet. Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. What really binds men together is their culture. A culture is a collections of beliefs, habits, living patterns and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.
Greek Culture
Egyptian Culture
Babylon Culture
Chinese Culture
From Anthropological Perspective
Culture is “the customs, civilizations, and achievements of a particular time or people”. This is an anthropologist’s definition.
II. Three Ingredients of Culture
Beliefs & value systems
Material objects
Behavior patterns
Culture
Case Study???
It was my first visit to Chongqing. I felt uneasy when I asked the way to some place. In my hometown in the North, directions are given in terms of East, West, North and South. We may easily find the way when local people there tell you whether the place is in the direction of North or South; while in Chongqing the local people tell you the way in terms of direction on the right, or on the left, to which we Northerners are quite unfamiliar.
跨文化交际(UNIT-8)
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
Intercultural Communication Unit 8
Cross-Cultural Perception
Warm Up
Please read the store blanks. What do you think of the story?
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.
Review of Unit 7
1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is the dominating time system in our culture?
2. What is the right way of dealing with issues of space and privacy in an intercultural environment?
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
➢ Do you know some terms and expressions in English that are formed with names of other nationalities?
跨文化交际(UNIT-8)PPT课件
insured!”
➢ Of course, what the story tells us about people of those
different nations can only be partially true at best and we
must be aware of such overgeneralization and
“I told the Englishman it was the 1 sporting thing to do,
and he jumped. I told the Frenchman it was 2 chic; the
German that it was a 3 command; the Italian that it was
➢ Many idioms concerning other nations suggest that the British’s used to hold others in derision and contempt. But all those related to the British themselves indicate that the British used to view themselves in positive ways.
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
Among the English idioms mentioned in Reading I, some are emotionally “neutral” in that they only deal with “flora and fauna and products” that are not native to England. However, some other idioms may carry the British cultural values and attitudes to other nations.
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Three basic assumptions about human communication:
Communication is rule governed. Contexts specify the appropriate rules. Rules are culturally diversed.
6.Management in Mexico and Latin America
The Mexican and Latin American managerial style has often been characterized as autocratic(独裁的) and paterpter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
Management
“Management” can be viewed differently from culture to culture. 1.Management In China 2.Management in the United States 3.Management in Germany 4.Management in Japan 5.Management in France 6.Management in Mexico and Latin America
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
4.Management in Japan
日本企业是在60、70年代经济高速发展时 期迅速地发展壮大起来的，他们的发展壮大 不仅有经济的原因，还有社会的原因，其中 也有当时的国际形式带来的好机遇。欧美是 十分突出各人作用的，以理性的思维考虑一 切问题，往往是六亲不认。而日本人恰恰相 反，他们突出的是群体的作用，以“和“为 “贵”，这种思想来源于中国的儒家学说。 在日本，企业经营就是以此作为其理论的依 据。
Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
Business negotiation is intertwined
with cultural exchange.
This is due to globalization, which is a result of growth in U.S. and foreign multinational industries since the 1960s.
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
The Date for Business
In Saudi Arabia, no business is conducted during Aid-al-Fitr—the three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadan—and Aid-al-Adha—the three-day feast of sacrifice.
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence Family and Gender Roles
Culture's Influence Management Business Etiquette Norms
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers
Classroom Participation Turn Taking
Conversational Structures and Language
TEXT A Communication and Context
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
Communication is influenced by external environment: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. This is known as the communication context.
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
2.Management in the United States
In the United States, the manager is a cultural hero.
Dominant managerial values in the United States include “achievement and success, belief in hard work, pragmatism, optimism, Puritanism, rationality, impersonality in interpersonal work relationships, equality of opportunity, acceptance of competition, and individualism.”
大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 8 Cultural influences on Contexts
Questions for Chapter 7
Explain Edward T. Hall’s Context-Culture Theory, illustrate with examples when necessary. Explain Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientation Theory, illustrate with examples when necessary.
Explain Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability Theory, illustrate with examples when necessary.
Cultural Influences on Contexts
Communicat ion and Context The Business Context The Educational Context Culture's Influence
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
5.Management in France
In France, managers act in very superior roles.
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
TEXT B The Business Context
Culture’s Influence on the Business Context Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
The rules differ depending on the context.
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
Contexts specify the appropriate rules
Contexts as a classroom, bank, church, hospital, courtroom, wedding, or funeral determine which communication rules apply bank
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
funeral
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
Rules are culturally diversed.
Although cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts, they may employ different rules. Consequently, concepts of dress, time, language, manners, nonverbal behavior, and control of the communication flow can differ significantly among cultures.
分散)
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
4.Management in Japan
The Japanese do not share a strong sense of management. Managers, section chiefs or department heads, value “groupism, harmony, acceptance of hierarchy in work relationships, sense of obligation, debt of lower level personnel to superiors, and consensual decision making.”
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
3.Management in Germany
In Germany, the manager is not a cultural hero. In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management. (权利