Alliteration Assonance Consonance
修辞格解释及例子
修辞格解释及例子1. alliterationDefinition: the repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables of an English language phrase.Examples: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the c olor of their skin but by the c ontent of their c haracter". -Martin Luther King, Jr."We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths — that all of us are created equal —is the s tar that guides us s till; just as it guided our forebears through S eneca Falls, and S elma, and S tonewall; just as it guided all those men and women, s ung and un s ung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone; to hear a King proclaim that our individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth". -Barack Obama2. assonanceDefinition: The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration and consonance serves as one of the building blocks of verse.Examples:"Soft language issued from their spitless lips as they swished in low circles round and round the field, winding hither and thither through the weeds, dragging their long tails amid the rattling canisters."(James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916)"The spider skins lie on their sides, translucent and ragged,their legs drying in knots."(Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm, 1977)3. consonanceDefinition:Broadly, the repetition of consonant sounds; more specifically, the repetition of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words.Examples:‘T was later when the summer wentThan when the cricket came,And yet we knew that gentle clockMeant nought but going home.‘T w as sooner when the cricket wentThan when the winter came,Yet that pathetic pendulumKeeps esoteric time.(Emily Dickinson, "‘T was later when the summer went")4. onomatopoeiaDefinition:Onomatopoeia is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing, which itdescribes. It creates a sound effect that makes the thing described, making the idea more expressive and interesting.Examples:The buzzing bee flew away.The sack fell into the river with a splash.The books fell on the table with a loud thump.He looked at the roaring sky.The rustling leaves kept me awake.a group of words reflecting different sounds of water are; bloop, splash, gush, sprinkle, drizzle, drip etc.Similarly, words like growl, giggle, grunt, murmur, blurt, chatter etc. denote different kinds of human voices.Moreover, we can identify a group of words related to different sounds of wind, such as; swish, swoosh, whiff, whoosh, whizz, whisper etc.5. simileDefinition: A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of words ―like‖ or ―as‖. Therefore, it is direct comparison.Examples:1. Written by Joseph Conrad,―I would have given anything for the power to soothe her frail soul, tormenting itself in its invincible ignorance like a small bird beating about the cr u el wires of a cage.‖2. In her novel ―To the Lighthouse‖, Virginia Woolf compares the velocity of her thoughts about the two men with that of spoken words.―. . . impressions poured in upon her of those two men, and to follow her thought was like followin g a voice which speaks too quickly to be taken down by one‘s pencil . . .‖3. Robert Burns uses a simile to describe beauty of his beloved.―O my Luve‘s like a red, red roseThat‘s newly sprung in June;O my Luve‘s like the melodieThat‘s sweetly played in tune.‖6. metaphorDefinition:Metaphor is a figure of speech makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things or objectsthat are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics common between them. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made on a single or some common characteristics.Examples:1. ―She is all states, and all princes, I.‖John Donne , a metaphysical poet, was well-known for his abundant use of metaphorsthroughout his poetical works. In his well-known work ―The Sun Rising,‖ the speaker scolds the sun for waking him and his beloved. Among the most evocative metaphors in literature, he explains ―she is all states, and all princes, I.‖ This line demonstrates the speaker‘s belief that he and his beloved are richer than all states, kingdoms, and rulers in the entire world because of the love that they share.2. ―Shall I Compare Thee to a summer‘s Day‖,William Shakespeare was the best exponent of the use of metaphors. His poetical works and dramas all make wide-ranging use of metaphors.―Sonnet 18,‖also known as ―Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer‘s Day,‖ is an extended metaphor between the love of the speaker and the fairness of the summer season. He writes that ―thy eternal summer,‖ here taken to mean the love of the subject, ―shall not fade.‖3. ―Before high-pil‘d books, in charact‘ry / Hold like rich garners the full-ripened grain,‖The great Romantic poet John Keats suffered great losses in his life – the death of his father in an accident, and of his mother and brother with the tuberculosis.When he began displaying signs of tuberculosis himself atthe age of 22, he wrote ―When I Have Fears,‖ a poem rich with metaphors concerning life and death. In the line ―before high-pil‘d books, in charact‘ry / Hold like rich garners the full-ripened grain‖, he employs a double-metaphor. Writing poetry is implicitly compared with reaping and sowing, and both these acts represent the emptiness of a life unfulfilled creatively.7. metonymyDefinition:It is a figure of speech that takes the place of the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associatedExamples:England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers to the government.)The suits were at meeting. (The suits stand for businesspersons.)Pen is mightier than sword. (Pen refers to written words and sword to military force.)The Oval Office was busy in work. (―The Oval Office‖ is metonymy as it stands for people at work in the office.) Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)1. The given lines are from Shakespeare‘s ―Julies Caesar‖ A ct I.―Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.‖Mark Anthony uses ―ears‖ to say that he wants the people present there to listen to him attentively. It is metonymy because the word ―ears‖ replaces the concept of attention.2. This line is from Marg aret Mitchell‘s novel ―Gone with the Wind‖.―I‘m mighty glad Georgia waited till after Christmas before it secedes or it would have ruined the Christmas parties.‖Scarlett uses ―Georgia‖ to point out everything that makes up the state: citizens, politician, government etc. It is a metonymy extremely common in the modern world, where a name of a country or state refers to a whole nation and its government. Thus, it renders brevity to the ideas.3. These lines are taken from ―Out, Out‖ by Robert Frost.―As he swung toward them holding up the handHalf in appeal, but half as if to keepThe life from spilling‖In these lines, the expression ―The life from spilling‖ is a metonymy that refers to spilling of blood. It develops a link between life and blood. The loss of too much blood means loss of life.4. These lines are from the poem ―Yet Do I Marvel‖.―The little buried mole continues blind,Why flesh that mirror Him must someday die,‖Countee Cullen uses ―flesh‖ to represent human and questions God why we have t o die when we are created in His likeness.8.synaesthesiaDefinition:a technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at the same. Examples:1. Dante makes use of synesthesia in his poem ―The Devine Comedy‖. In the first canto, the poet tells us about ―Inferno‖ where he was sent. He says, ―Back to the reg ion where the sun is silent.‖ Here, poet binds the sense of sight with the sense of hearing. By using the phrase ―the sun is silent‖, he declares that the sun is there but it does not provide any warmth or comfort.This description gives us an idea that the place he is driven to is dreadfully frightening.2. We notice synesthetic imageries in Jo hn Keats ―Ode to a Nightingale‖:―Tasting of Flora and the country green,Dance, and Provencal song, and sun burnt mirth!‖In the above, Keats associates visual sensations with the sense of taste. In the same poem, he further states:―In some melodious plot,Of beechen green,Singest of summer in full throated ease.‖Keats associates the act of melodious singing with a plot covered with green beechen trees and thus associates visuals with the sense of hearing.3. We see Shakespeare employing synesthetic device in play ―King Lear‖ Act 2, Scene 2:―Thou art a lady: if only to go warm were gorgeous,Why nature needs not what thou gorgeous wear‘st,Which scarcely keeps th ee warm.‖In the above extract, L ear makes fun of his daughter ―Goneril‖ for wearing revealing attire. He associates the word ―warm‖ with ―gorgeous‖ which is an attempt to blend the sense of touch with the sense of sight.9. antonomasiaDefinition:a substitution of any epithet or phrase for a proper name, such as "the little corporal" for Napoleon I. The reverse process is also sometimes called antonomasia.Examples:（1）biblical or mythological figuresSolomon—a wise manDaniel—a wise and fair judgeJudas—a traitorHercules—a hero of strength and bravery（2）historical figuresthe Rubicon--an irrevocable stepNero—a tyrantJohn Wayne—a modern figure of a tough man（3）literary figuresUncle T om—a Negro who compromises and conforms with the Whites10. synecdocheDefinition:a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Synecdoche may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa. It may also call a thing by the name of the material, it is made of or it may refer to a thing in a container or packing by the name of that container or packing.Examples:1. Coleridge employs synecdoche in his poem ―The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‖:―The western wave was all a-flame.The day was well was nigh done!Almost upon the western waveRested the broad bright Sun‖Th e ―western wave‖ is a synecdoche as it refers to the see by the name of its part i.e. wave.2. Look at the use of synecdoche in the lines taken from Shakespeare‘s Sonnet 116:―O no! It is an ever-fixed markThat looks on tempests and is never shaken.‖The phrase ―ever-fixed mark‖ refers to a lighthouse.3. Look how Shelly uses synecdoche in his poem ―Ozymandias‖:―Tell that its sculptor well those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,The hand that mocked them.‖―The hand‖ in the above lines refers to the sculptor who carved the ―lifeless things‖ into a grand statue.4. Observe the use of synecdoche in the following lines from ―The Secret Sharer‖ by Jo seph Conrad:―At midnight I went on deck, and to my mate‘s great surprise put t he ship round on the other tack. His terrible whiskers flitted round me in silent criticism.‖The word ―whiskers‖ mentioned in the above lines refers to the whole face of the n arrator‘s mate.5. Jonathon Swift in ―The description of the Morning‖ uses synec doche:―Prepar‘d to scrub the entry and the stairs.The youth with broomy stumps began to trace.‖In the above lines the phrase ―broomy stumps‖ refers to the whole broom.6. N ote the use of synecdoche in ―The Lady or the Tiger?‖ by Frank R. Stockton:―His eye met hers as she sat there paler and whiter than anyone in the vast ocean of anxious faces about her.‖―Faces‖ refers to the whole persons.11. personificationDefinition:a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or ananimal is given human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings.Examples:1. Taken from L. M. Montgomery‘s ―The Green Gables Letters‖,―I hied me away to the woods—away back into the sun-washed alleys carpeted with fallen gold and glades where the moss is green and vivid yet. The woods are getting ready to sleep—they are not yet asleep but they are disrobing and are having all sorts of little bed-time conferences and whisperings and good-nights.‖The lack of activity in the forest has been beautifully personified as forest getting ready to sleep, busy in bed-time chatting and wishing good-nights, all of which relate typically to human customs.2. Taken from Act I, Scene II of ― Romeo and Juliet‖,―When we ll-appareled April on the heelOf limping winter treads.‖April cannot put on a dress, and winter does not limp and it does not have heel on which a month can walk. Shakespeare personifies month of April and winter season by giving them two distinct human qualities.3. A.H. Houseman in his poem ―Loveliest of Trees the Cherry Now‖ personifies the cherry tree,―Loveliest of trees, the cherry nowIs hung with bloom along the bough,And stands about the woodland rideWearing white for Eastertide.‖He sees a cherry tree covered with beautiful white flowers inthe forest and says that cherry tree wears white clothes to celebrate Easter. He gives human attributes to a tree in order to describe it in human terms.12. apostropheDefinition:a figure of speech someti me represented by exclamation ―O‖. A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.Examples:1. William Shakespeare makes use of an apostrophe in his play ―Macbeth‖:―Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand?Come, let me clutch thee!I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.‖In his mental conflict before murdering king Duncan, Macbeth has a strange vision of a daggerand talks to it as if it were another person.2. Jane Taylor uses apostrophe in well-known nursery rhyme ―The Star‖:―Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you are.Up above the world so high,Like a diamond in the sky.‖In the above nursery rhyme, a child addresses a star which is an imaginary idea and hence is a classical example of apostrophe.13. ironyDefinition:a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning ofthe words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. In simple words, it is a difference between the appearance and the reality Examples:1. We come across the following lines in Shakespeare‘s ―Romeo and Juliet‖, Act I, Scene V.―Go ask his name: if he be married.My grave is like to be my wedding bed.‖Juliet commands her nurse to find out who Romeo was and says if he were married, then her wedding bed would be her grave. It is a verbal irony because the audience knows that she is going to die on her wedding bed.2. Shakespeare employs this verbal irony in ―Julius Caesar‖ Act I, Scene II,―?tis true this god did shake‖When a character Cassius, despite knowing the mortal flaws of Caesar, calls him ―this god‖.3. In the Greek drama ―Oedipus Rex‖ written by ―Sophocles‖,―Upon the murderer I invoke this curse- whether he is one man and all unknown,Or one of many- may he wear out his life in misery to mise rable doom!‖The above lines are an illustration of verbal and dramatic irony. It was predicted that a man guilty of killing his father and marrying his own mother has brought curse on the city and its people. In the above-mentioned lines, Oedipus curses the man who is the cause of curse on his city. He is ignorant of the fact that he himself is that man and he is cursing himself. Audience, on the other hand, knows the situation.4. In his poem ―The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‖, Coleridgewrote,―Water, wat er, everywhere,And all the boards did shrink;Water, water, everywhere,Nor any drop to drink.‖In the above stated lines, the ship, blown by the south wind, is stranded in the uncharted sea. Ironically, there is water everywhere but they do not have a single drop of water to drink.。
元音韵的英语例子
元音韵的英语例子摘要：本文简要介绍了英语中的押韵现象，从押韵的分类入手，即从头韵、类韵和尾韵的构成谈起，集结了日常生活中很多充满趣味性的押韵实例来说明押韵在英文诗歌、绕口令、新闻报刊、广告、习语等不同文体中的广泛应用。
关键词：头韵；类韵；尾韵英语作为拼音文字，其音韵美是显而易见的，但音韵美的形成，在很大程度上得益于三大利器：头韵（Alliteration），类韵（Assonance）和尾韵(end-rhyme)。
头韵，类韵及尾韵在英语中的运用可谓不胜枚举，以下便对这三种类型的押韵现象作简要分析：一、Alliteration 头韵Alliteration一词源于拉丁语――lettera, 其意思是“在同一字母上的重复和游戏”。
Cuddon的《文学术语词典》给予alliteration的定义是“A figure of speech in which consonants, esp., at the beginning of words, or stressed syllables are repeated.”（一种特别是在词语开头的辅音韵或强调音节反复的修辞手段）。
《美国传统词典》也把alliteration 定义为“The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables.”（在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复）。
可见，头韵是指句子或一组词中，同一开头字母的重复。
头韵是古英诗中极为盛行的主要押韵形式，它甚至还早于脚韵(rhyme)。
直到14世纪乔叟(G. Chaucer 1340-1400)创造了以foot（音步）为主的格律诗，头韵才在古英诗中渐渐失宠，逐渐被广泛运用到加强语言的特殊修辞效果上去。
英语常用修辞格复习
常用修辞格复习(定义并例证各术语) 一、使用语音手段的修辞格1．Alliteration（头韵）：2．Assonance（元韵）：3．Consonance（辅韵）：4．Onomatopoeia（拟声）：5．Aposiopesis（跳脱）：6．Apostrophe（呼告）：7．Pun（双关）：二、使用词汇手段的修辞格1．Simile（明喻）2．Metaphor（隐喻）3．Transferred epithet（移就）4．Personification（拟人）5．Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）6．Allusion（典故）7．Analogy（类比）8．Allegory（讽喻）9．Synecdoche（提喻）10．Euphemism（委婉语）11．Metonymy（借代）12．Parody（仿拟）13．Hyperbole（夸张）14．Irony（反语）15．Pun（双关）16．Antonomasia（换称）17．Synaesthesia（通感）18．Understatement（低调陈述）19．Zeugma（轭式搭配）20．Syllepsis（一笔双叙）21．Anticlimax（突降）22．Climax（层进）三、使用句法手段的修辞格1．Loose sentence（松散句）2．Periodic sentence（圆周句）3．Antithesis（对偶句）4．Parallelism（排比句）5．Repetition（反复）6．Ellipsis（省略）7．Inversion（倒装）8．Rhetorical question（反问句）A General Review on Figures of SpeechIdentify the figure(s) of speech used in the following sentences.1. "Your Heavens, give me that patience, patience I need!" (Shakespeare)2. Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence and if anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things. (The Bible)3. We felt strong, smug, secure.4. Return to her?…No, rather I abjure all roofs, and choose…To be a comrade with the wolf and owl…(Shakespeare)5. "One of my kids wrote four-letter words in his composition," the teacher said.6. When I was a child, I used to speak as a child, think as a child, reason as a child; when I became a man, I didaway with childish things. (The Bible)7. And do whate'er thou wilt, swift-footed time,To the wide world and all her fading sweets;But I forbid thee one most heinous crime. (Shakespeare)8. All are not apostles, are they? All are not prophets, are they? All are not teachers, are they? All are not workers of miracles, are they? (The Bible)9. Now, what advantage do we derive from hearing a man say that he has shaken off the yoke, that he does not believe that there is a God who watches over his actions, that he regards himself as sole judge of his conduct, and that he does not think of accounting for it to anyone but himself? Does he imagine that by saying this he is encouraging us to feel great confidence in him in the future and to expect comfort, advice, and help from him in the difficult situations of life? Do such men imagine that they have greatly rejoiced us by telling us that they think our soul is only a puff of wind or smoke, and still more by telling us so in an arrogant, self-satisfied tone? Is it a thing to be said cheerily? Is it not rather something to be admitted mournfully as though it were the saddest thing in the whole world? (Pascal)10. Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the otherperson. (Mark Twain)11. Shall the potter be considered as equal with the clay, that what is made should say to its maker, "He did not makeme"；or what is formed say to him who formed it, "He has no understanding"? (The Bible)12. Greatness, in the works of architecture, may be considered as relating to the bulk and body of the structure.…Not to mention the Tower of Babel, of which an old author says there were the foundations to be seen in his time, which looked like a spacious mountain…（Joseph Addison)13. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Nowis the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of radial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. (Martin Luthur King)14. You earn your living and you urn your dead.15. Other things may be seized by might, or purchased with money, but knowledge is to be gained only by study,and study to be prosecuted only in retirement.(Samuel Johnson)16. For ours is the age of four "A's"：anxiety, apprehension, agonizing, and aspirin. (James Thurber)17. So will these unattractive and mysterious objects lead to a new world economic order, or will the game beplayed according to the usual industrial rules; from each according to his ability, to each according to his investments?18. 0 soul of mine, will you never be good and sincere, all one, all open, visible to the beholder more clearly thaneven your encompassing body of flesh? Will you never taste the sweetness of a loving and affectionate heart?Will you never be filled full and unwanting; craving nothing, yearning for no creature or thing to minister to your pleasures, no prolongation of days to enjoy them, no place or country or pleasant clime or sweet human company? (Marcus Aurelius)19. It is in art as in morals; no character would inspire us with an enthusiastic admiration of his virtue, if that virtueconsisted only in an absence of vice; something more is required; a man must do more than merely his duty to be a hero.(Joshua Reynolds)20. It is no use doing what, you like; you have, got to like what you do. (W Churchill)21. To be, or not to be; that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe sting and arrows of outrageous fortune:Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them…（Shakespeare）22. ... Let them recognize that there are only two kinds of person whom we can describe as reasonable; those whoserve God with all their heart because they have found him, and those who seek him with all their heart because, they have not found him. (Pascal)23. O, who can hold a fire in his handBy thinking on the frosty Caucasus?Or cloy the hungry edge of appetiteBy bare imagination of a feast?Or wallow naked in December snowBy thinking on fantastic summer's best? (Shakespeare)24. Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these standin our way. Let all theories be subjected to the bright clear light of practice. (Norman Bethune)25. I Came BackI came back to softness and comfort.I came back to Dr. White's.And I wonder why I ever went away.Because only Dr. White's gives me two kinds of comfort. The supper-comfort of their cotton-wool content that makes them so much softer. And the comfort of a safer, more absorbent towel, with a flush-away design, too，for even more convenience.I tried the rest, but I came back.Isn't it time you came back to Dr. White's?Dr. White's Two kinds of comfort. (Women, Apr. 1977)26. What may be done at any time will be done at no time. (Proverb)27. You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.28. He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine…(John Galsworthy)29. A little boy came up to his mother. "Ma," he said, "I have something to tell you. My teacher kissed me.”"Well, were you a good boy and did you kiss her back?""Of course not!" he denied indignantly, "I kissed her face.”30. I don't have any rich relations who well leave me money when they die. Whatever I get in life, I'll have to earnby the sweat of my brow.31. Magnus. Frankly, I have been accustomed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the mostefficient part of his head. (Bernard Shaw)32. No longer mourn for me when I am deadThen you shall hear the surly sullen bellGive warning to the world that I am fledFrom this vile world, with vilest worms to dwell…(Shakespeare)33. O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,Alone and palely loitering?The sedge has withered from the lake,And no birds sing.O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,So haggard and so woe-begone?The squirrel's granary is full,And the harvest's done. (John Keats)34. O, my luve is like a red, red roseThat's newly sprung in June:O, my luve is like the melodieThat's sweetly played in tune. (Robert Bums)35. His behavior was一but I blush to mention that.36. He had passed many anxious hours before he got the phone call from his daughter.37. Music, when soft voices die,vibrates in the memory一odours, when sweet violets sicken，Live within the sense they quicken. (Shelly)38. Child-bearing, hard work, and constant anxiety were beginning to tell on Mrs Athelny; and sometimes her backached in the evening so that she had to sit down and rest herself. (W. S. Maugham) 39. "Now, sir," said my aunt to Mr. Micawber, as she put on her gloves, "we are ready for Mount Vesuvius, oranything else, as soon as you please.”"Madam," returned Mr. Micawber, "I trust you will shortly witness an eruption…”(Charles Dickens)40. Then the fish came alive, with his death in him, and rose high out of the water showing all his great length andwidth and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old man in the skiff. Then he fell into the water with a crash that sent spray over the old man and over all of the skiff. (Hemingway )美文欣赏4 （A formal official Letter）Liao Chengzhi' s Letter to Mr. Chiang Ching-KuoDear brother Ching-Kuo,No one ever expected that a strip of water should have become so vast a distance. It is now 36 years since our brief rendezvous in Nanjing. From our childhood friendship to our chats in the Soviet capital, everything in the past is still alive in my memory. But it's unfortunate that we haven't heard from each other for so many years. Recently I was told that you are somewhat indisposed and this has caused me much concern. Men in their seventies are often afflicted with illness. I sincerely hope that you will take good care of yourself.Over the past three years, our party has repeatedly proposed talks with your party to bury the hatchet and work jointly to accomplish the great cause of national reunification. But you have time and again announced that there should be "no contact, no talks and no compromise", which I think is inadvisable. Considering both the public interests and our close friendship which has lasted for generations, I regard it as my duty to offer some advice which I hope you will consider carefully.The peaceful reunification of the motherland would be a great achievement to be recorded in history. Taiwan is bound to return to the embrace of the motherland eventually. An early settlement would be in the interest of all. The compatriots in Taiwan would be able to live in peace and happiness, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan straits would no longer have to endure the pains of separation from their kith and kin, and the elders in Taiwan and those who have moved there from the mainland would all be properly placed and provided for. And this would contribute to the stability of Asia and the Pacific region as well as to world peace. You used to spur yourself on with the axiom: "The interests to be considered should be the interests of all; the fame to be sought should be a fame that would last forever.” If the great cause of reunification would be accomplis hed through your work, you will certainly win the esteem of the nation and the praise of all. You would be doing meritorious service to the country and your name would be inscribed in the temple of fame. It is preposterous to regard such a service as “guilt”. After all, putting up in that tight eastern comer is not a long-term solution. This is of course quite clear for a man as intelligent as you. Hesitation, procrastination or leaving the problem to other days would only lead to difficulty and distress and you, my brother, £®would hardly be able to escape the blame. Moreover, peacefulreunification is entirely an internal affair of China. Those outsiders who talk glibly about it have designs on our Taiwan. This is common knowledge. When a decision needs to be made, irresolution is bound to bring trouble. I hope you will consider this carefully.The Kuomintang, founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen endured countless hardships and finally overthrew the monarchy and established the republic; numerous revolutionaries advanced wave after wave and laid down their lives for the cause. History has recorded this as a glorious contribution. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party twice cooperated and on both occasions they made tremendous contributions to the country and the nation. We know something about the fast cooperation, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, though we were still young at that time. The second cooperation proceeded with your father in the chair and, as participants in it, we should know what it was all about. Though the matter was as complicated as could be, an all-round view of the situation would show that cooperation is beneficial to the country and the nation while division is detrimental to them. Since you are presiding over the administration of Taiwan, you have unshirkable responsibility for the realization of cooperation for the third time. It would be easier to talk the matter over when leaders on both sides used to be schoolmates and close friends who know one another well. I find it really hard for me to subscribe to those views which describe cooperation as "surrender", "humiliating", "suffering losses" or "being duped. In reviewing history or looking forward to the future, one should bear in mind the public interest, the interests of the country and the nation, and use this as the supreme criterion, instead of basing oneself on a party's selfish interests. Such talks as "reunifying China with the Three People's Principles" are regarded by all sensible people as unrealistic, deceptive and self-deceiving. People of¡£ generation know the true meaning of the Three People's Principles quite well and there is no need to argue about it. Neither is there any need to dwell on such assertions as Taiwan's "economic prosperity, democracy and easy livelihood", the truth of which the venerable gentlemen in Taiwan know clearly. For the sake of your party, I would think that if you would take up the historical responsibility and resolutely take part in peace talks to accomplish national reunification as required by time and tide, the two parties would be able to co-exist for a long time to come, supervising each other while joining in the glorious effort to revitalize China. Otherwise how the situation existing in that small corner could be maintained for long? This is a question those who are sensible are already turning over in their minds. It involves the survival and development of the Kuomintang and I hope you will think it over again.I recently read one of your writings in which you expressed "fervent hopes that my father's soul would be able to return to the homeland and be reunited with the forefathers". I was overwhelmed with emotion when I read this. The remains of your father are still placed temporarily at Cihu. After reunification, they would be moved back and buried in the native soil---in Fenghua, Nanjing or Lushan---in fulfillment of your filial wishes. You recently said, "filial devotion should be expanded into national devotion, which means love of the nation and dedication to the country". This is an excellent statement. Why don't you apply it to the great cause of national reunification? As far as the country and nation are concerned, this would be an expression of both loyalty and filial piety. Otherwise how could you account for yourself after your passing away? It is hoped that you would think more about it.Dear brother! Your life has been marked by frustration, which should not be attributed to fate. Everything depends on yourself. The good and ill to be judged in the next thousand years hinge on the decision made in a moment. The present international situation is capricious. Throughout Taiwan people of all strata are talking about their future. Time does not stay and brief is the day. A long night is fraught with dreams; time does not wait for us. I hope you, my brother, would be good at making the choice and repair the house before it rains. Vast is the expanse of sky and water. What are you waiting for, staying away from home?The longing for old friends grows with age. If it is convenient to you, I would pack and set out for a visit to Taibei to seek enlightenment from our elders. "For all the disasters the brotherhood has remained; a smile at meeting and enmity is banished.” When I look towards the distant southern sky, my heart is already there. No word is enough to express what I wish to say. It is hoped that you will take good care of yourself. I am waiting impatiently for a reply.Please convey my regards to your mother as well as to Fang-Liang, Wei-Kuo and the children.Best wishes to you,Liao ChengzhiJuly 24, 1982An informal Letter (A student to a teacher)Prof. ChenMar. 26, 1987I have just received your letter of March 21. 1 was happy to hear that you are well and that you are invited to give lectures in Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute during the summer vacation. How nice it will be to see you again!Things here are going smoothly; and I haven't a thing to be unhappy about. I'd like to thank you heartily for your deep concern about me and great confidence in me.For the next three weeks there will be a general checkup on our teaching work and studies. I have already drawn up a plan with the help of other teachers. According to the requirements of the administration of our university, I intend to do the work in this way:a) Organize two demonstration lessons, one for the first grade teachers, the other for the second grade teachers.b) The teachers will attend each other's classes at least once during the period.c) Organize meetings of students of different grades so as to solicit their opinions and suggestions.The plan is based on the consideration that good experience should be popularized and shortcomings overcome as soon as possible.Please let me have your advice and instructions in regard to this plan.I was very glad to know that you are getting on well with your book. I wish it would come out soon, for I'm sure I can get a great deal from it. I hope you and your wife are enjoying yourselves in Beijing.You say your wife will go to the U. S. next month to see your daughter. Who will take care of you during her one-month stay in the U. S? Don't hesitate to ask Huang Yaping, Qi Min and others for help when you need it.Best wishes,Your student，Ding Xiaoya。
高级英语一 修辞格归纳
《高级英语（一）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。
2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。
3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。
这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。
Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出人意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反面, 其作用是加强语气,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。
15种修辞方法及例句英文
下面是15种修辞方法及例句：1. Alliteration (头韵) - the repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words. Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."2. Assonance (音韵) - the repetition of vowel sounds in neighboring words.Example: "The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain."3. Hyperbole (夸张法) - exaggeration for emphasis or effect.Example: "I've told you a million times to clean your room!"4. Metaphor (隐喻) - a comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as." Example: "Life is a journey, and every step we take is a new adventure."5. Simile (明喻) - a comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as." Example: "He's as strong as an ox."6. Personification (拟人) - giving human characteristics to non-human things.Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."7. Onomatopoeia (拟声) - a word that imitates the sound it represents.Example: "The sizzle of the hot pan made my mouth water."8. Irony (反语) - saying one thing but meaning the opposite for humorous or dramatic effect. Example: "Isn't it ironic that the firefighter's house burned down?"9. Oxymoron (矛盾修辞) - combining two contradictory terms for effect.Example: "Jumbo shrimp"10. Pun (双关语) - a play on words that have multiple meanings.Example: "I'm reading a book on anti-gravity. It's impossible to put down."11. Repetition (重复) - repeating words or phrases for emphasis.Example: "I have a dream..."12. Rhetorical Question (反问) - a question asked for effect, not meant to be answered. Example: "Can't we all just get along?"13. Parallelism (排比) - using similar grammatical structures to emphasize a point. Example: "We came, we saw, we conquered."14. Allusion (典故) - referring to something well-known in history, literature, or culture. Example: "She has the wisdom of Solomon."15. Antithesis (对偶) - contrasting two ideas or phrases for effect.Example: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."。
英语押韵方法说明
Definition
Consonance 尾韵 The use of the same consonant or of a vowel, not
necessarily the same vowel, at the end of each word or each stressed syllable in a line of verse
experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of Natural phenomena.”rhetorical techniques, alliteration doesn't make an argument more intelligent. Done well, however, it can please your reader and help make him more receptive to your argument. Like a strong spice, alliteration should be used sparingly.
Examples
Spare the rod, spoil the child. US trade policy is often viewed as inconsistent, incoherent, and incomprehensible to the countries of the origin. One man’s disaster is another man’s delight. fair and square, near and dear The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain. healthy and wealthy / Fit or fat? / Rough and tough. When I lent, I was a friend; when I asked, I was unkind. There is probability rather than certainty Early ripe, early rotten. He is all fire and fight.
英语修辞归纳
一、Figure of Emphasis强调修辞1.Repetition 重复1.1. Immediate Repetition连续重复Scrooge went to bed again, and thought, and thought, and thought it over and over, and could make nothing of it.1.2. Intermittent repetition间隔重复When Della had finished crying, she went to the window and looked out sadly at a grey cat walking along a grey fence in a grey backyard.1.2.1.Anaphora 首语重复Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.1.2.2.Epiphora 尾语重复… and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people.1.2.3.Simploce/ Epidiplosis首尾重复( a combination of anaphora and epiphora)Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death1.2.4.Anadiplosis 联珠/顶真/尾首反复运用顶真修辞手法，不但能使句子结构整齐，语气贯通，而且能突出事物之间环环相扣的有机联系。
Alliteration头韵
country alike.
人头攒动挤满城市和乡村。 14. Care kills the cat. 好奇心杀死猫。(proverb)
在新闻标题中也多使用头韵（ alliteration ）
10. Hong Kong––A capitalist citadel at China's doorstep.
香港––中国大门口的资本自已大本营。 11. And sings a solitary song, that whistles in
the wind.
在萧萧风中，吟唱一首孤独的歌。
12. Scandals and scares, booms and busts made 1987 a period of tumult..
The main rhetoric function of alliteration is to increase the rhythm of language, besides which, alliteration is sometimes used to imitate some sound in life to make the language more vivid and impressive.
(增加语言韵律美，使语言更为生动形象）
es1.then and there 当场，立即
2.now and never 机不可失 3.black and blue 青一块紫一块 4.thick and thin 在任何情况下 5.beauty and beast 美女与野兽 6.pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见 7. bread and butter 谋生之道 8. He is all fire and fight. 他从不放弃任何机会。 9. (with) might and main 尽全力地 10.(in) weal and woe 无论是福是祸