修辞——Metonymy,Synecdoche,Oxymoron,Alliteration
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
He manages to earn his bread. 他设法谋生。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
4、用一类事物代替一种事物 Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines, 20000 more than in 1988. 有近480万汽车开下生产线,比1988年多两 万辆。 此句以vehicle(交通工具)指代“汽车”。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
2、以全体代部分 England won the football game. 英格兰队赢了足球赛。 这里以England(英格兰)代替England Football Team(英格兰足球队)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Then the surgeon cut me open and take out the appendix and stitched me up again.
头韵 (Alliteration)
1.头韵。头韵即连续数个单词的 头音或头字母相同,这种现象在 英语中常见。例如: (1)He is all fire and fight.他 从不放弃任何机会。 (2)There was something simple,sincere in that voice.那声 音里有种纯朴真诚的东西。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是: Synecdoche还包括“以个体代替一类”。 A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, or reverse of any of these. 两者相比较,后者增加了一项,即 Synecdoche还包括“以个体代替一类”。
Oxymoron
Features: contradictory in meaning The complexity of things Example:
A cheerful pessimist Painful pleasure A thunderous silence
Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)
手是人体的一部分,因此人们常用它来代 替各种各样的人。这里以 Hand(手)代替 worker, laborer(工人)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
No eye saw him, but a second later every ear heard a gunshot.
没有人看见他。可是,一秒钟以后每个人 都听到了一声枪响。 此例是以人的部分的器官eye 或ear来代替 人本身。
笔要比剑更锋利
5.I am reading Lu Xun.我在读鲁迅的作品。
Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰)
It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
Adj. + N. creative destruction, tearful joy, etc. Adj.+ Adj. cold pleasant manner, sour-sweet Adv. +Adj. dully bright, mercifully fatal, falsely true, wisely stupid, etc. V. + Adv. hasten slowly, shine darkly, groan loudly, etc. N. + N. love-hate relationship, the sound of silence, etc.
医生切开我的腹部,割除了阑尾,又把我 腹部缝好。 这是以me(我)代my abdomen(我的腹 部)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
3、以一种事物代替一类事物 Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! That Youth’s sweet-scented manuscript should close! 哦,春天随着花儿的调零而消逝! 青年芬芳的书卷也要关闭。 这里用rose玫瑰代替flowers(花)。
For example
1.The kettle boils.壶水开。 2.He is fond of the bottle.他喜欢喝酒 3.Grey hairs should be respected.
老人应受到尊重
4.The pen is mightier than the sword.
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
定义分析: A figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole, the whole for the part, species for genus, the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made. 这个定义的意思是:Synecdoche是一种修辞格, 它包括以部分代替整体,以整体代替部分,以某 种事物代替某类事物,以某类事物代替某种事物, 或者以原材料的名称代替由其制成的东西。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Synecdoche大体上可分为6类:以部分代全 体,以全体代部分,以一种事物代替一类 事物,用一类事物代替一种事物,用原材 料代替其制品,以个体代替一类。下面一 一举例说明:
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
重点例句分析: 1、以部分代全体 They were short of hands at harvest time. 收获季节他们缺少劳力。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
I will count three hundred——that’s five minutes——and not one of you is to move a muscle. 我数三百下——也就是五分钟——你们谁 都不许动一动。 这个句子中的作为身体组成部分的muscle (肌肉)代替的是整个身体。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
Βιβλιοθήκη 5、用原材料代替其制品 Do you have any coppers? 你有零钱吗?
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
6、以个体代替一类 This young man is very clever; he may be another Edison. 这个年轻人很聪明,他可能成为另一个爱 迪生。
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系 的词或词组替换的修辞方法.
英语修辞格Metonymy和Synecdoche的对比分析
- 88 -
语言学及应用语言学研究
代的关系,那么,它就容易与借代相混淆。所以学习提喻辞格我们首先碰到的一个问题 是如何能把提喻与借代区分开。凡研究过这两个辞格的人都知道这两种辞格很难区分开 来。但是,很难区分并非不能区分。(李鑫华,2000)
- 91 -
语 言 与 文 化 论 坛 2020 年( 第一辑)
综上所述,M 是一种修辞格,其中所说的事物不是直接说出来的,而是通过与之有 着不可分割关系的事物来表达的,即相似事物之间的类比,这不是一个同质的概念,而 是一个近似的概念。这两个概念紧密联系,相互依赖。M 强调的不是相似性,而是联 想。为了给读者或听众留下深刻印象,不仅要联想到正在写的东西,而且要联想到正在 说的东西的特点,如 White House 指的是美国总统府,而 No.10 Downing Street 则指的是 英国首相官邸。
M 是英语中最常见和最广泛使用的修辞格,对争论、解释,以及对人、事物、对象 等的描述中都是有用的。它的基本功能是使事物或人物具体化、生动化、形象化,使人 们能够看到、感受和理解,从而增强语言的说服力和感染力,具有具体化、形象化、含 蓄化、幽默化、讽刺化等功能。
2.2 特 点
M 包含本体和喻体,二者之间存在着借代关系。如:What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.(从摇篮里学到的东西会一直带到坟墓里。)cradle 和 grade 都是喻体, 相对应的本体是孩提时代和死亡。指称对象(喻体)与隐含事物(本体)之间存在着多 种借代关系。它们之间的关系可以通过下列几种方式进行表达:
由上可见,国内外各语言学家对这两个修辞格的区分众说纷纭,各执一词,那么到 底这两个修辞格要不要区分、如何区分呢?下面我们就从定义、特点、理论基础等角度 出发对这两个修辞格做一全面的对比和分析。
英语中的十九种修辞
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如:
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。
例如:
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow பைடு நூலகம்hose untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
高英第一册的修辞手法解析
高英第一册的修辞手法解析Figures of speechSimile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借代) Personification(拟人)Euphemism(委婉)Hyperbole(夸张)Contrast(对照)Antithesis(平行对照)Parallelism(平行)Repetition(反复)Oxymoron(矛盾修饰)Irony(反语)Climax(层递)Anticlimax(突降)Onomatopoeia(拟声)Alliteration(头韵)pun(双关)transferred epithet(移就) 一Simile(明喻)Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader.For example,As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.1. Simile通常由三部分构成:本体(tenor or subject),喻体(vehicle or reference)和比喻词(comparative word or indicatorof resemblance)。
英语中有19种修辞手法
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存有于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
英语修辞Metonymy,借代 Synecdoche,Antonomasia
• 7) bread: food, esp. staple food • They say there is bread and work for all. And the sun shines always there: But I’ll not forget old Ireland, Were it fifty times as fair. • ----Helen S. Blackwood
D. Professions
• 3) the veil: vocation of a nun • She took the veil at 20. • 4) the press: newspaper; newspaper reporters • He is meeting the press this morning. • 5) the media: the communications industry (TV, radio, etc.)
• This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. • In other words, it involves a “change of name,” the substituted name suggesting the thing meant.
D. Professions
• 1) the bar: the legal profession • He has been called to the bar. • 他取得律师资格。 • 2) the bench: position of judge or magistrate • He has been appointed to the bench.
英语 换喻 矛盾修辞 写作讲义
Metonymy和Synecdoche:Metonymy译作“换喻”,Synecdoche译作“提喻”。
这两种修辞格十分相近,其共同点是不直接说出所指对象的名称,而采取某种替代形式;它们的区别在于:metonymy是借与某事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物,因此亦称之为“借代”,而synecdoche是以某事物的局部表示整体,或反过来以整体表示局部。
例如人在幼年离不开摇篮,因而借用the cradle表示“婴儿时期”,这就是metonymy: He must have been spoilt from the cradle.又如:“头”和“手”等是人体的部分,用他们表示整个人,则是常见的synecdoche形式:More hands (=working men) are needed at the moment. We had dinner at ten dollars a head (=each person).注意这两种辞格与其他比喻形式之间的区别,试比较:Greece was the cradle of Western culture. –metaphorA bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. –analogy.Exercises:1.The grey hair should be respected.2.What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.3.The famous port used to be a harbor which was crowded with masts.4.“Einstein is my admiration,” the little girl said.Oxymoron:矛盾修辞法,例如cruel kindness, bitter-sweet memories等,修饰成分与被修饰成分内部看起来有矛盾,实则相反相成。
修辞——Metonymy,Synecdoche,Oxymoron,Alliteration
医生切开我的腹部,割除了阑尾,又把我 腹部缝好。 这是以me(我)代my abdomen(我的腹 部)。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
3、以一种事物代替一类事物 Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! That Youth’s sweet-scented manuscript should close! 哦,春天随着花儿的调零而消逝! 青年芬芳的书卷也要关闭。 这里用rose玫瑰代替flowers(花)。
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系 的词或词组替换的修辞方法.
蕴涵新意的Synecdoages to earn his bread. 他设法谋生。
蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)
4、用一类事物代替一种事物 Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines, 20000 more than in 1988. 有近480万汽车开下生产线,比1988年多两 万辆。 此句以vehicle(交通工具)指代“汽车”。
笔要比剑更锋利
5.I am reading Lu Xun.我在读鲁迅的作品。
英语中修辞手法
英语中有二十几种种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻/暗喻、Metonymy借喻/借代、Synecdoche提喻、Synaesthesia 通感、Personification拟人、Hyperbole夸张、Parallelism排比/平行、Euphemism 委婉、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony反语、Pun双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetorical question修辞疑问/反问、Antithesis对照/对比/对偶、Paradox隽语、Oxymoron矛盾修饰法、alliteration头韵法、transferred epithet移就、Allusion引用典故、Climax渐进法/层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。
1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,借代借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
转喻、提喻、换称等多种万能的三种修辞手法的对比
1.定义:用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)
It wassicknessandpovertytogether that she came to visit.
patientspoor people她来探望的是病人和穷人。
(“疾病”和“贫穷”都是抽象名词,在此分别用来指代“病人”和“穷人”。)
三.换称(Antonomasia)的定义与用法:
1.定义:用头衔、绰号和称呼等代替姓名或称谓或用专有名词代替普通名词的修辞手法叫做换称。(An antonomasia is a figure of speech that involves the use of an epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun.)
the legal profession
(the bar原意是法庭围栏,现常用来指代律师职业)
Members ofthe pressweren't allowed into the combat zone.新闻记者不准进入战斗区域。newspaperreporters
(the press原意是印刷机,现常用来指代新闻记者)
