05844国际商务英语复习题资料(8)

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7月国际商务英语全国自学考试试题及答案解析试卷及答案解析

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1.trade mark2.Gross Domestic Product3.national income4.escape clause5.capital marketmissionance credit8.arbitration9.transshipment10.documentary collectionⅡ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11.承运人12.发盘（报盘）13.货号14.商业发票15.期权16.清算系统(制度)17.知识产权18.储备货币19.卖出价20.增值税Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21.indemnity a. a person covered by an insurance policy22.ad valorem duties b. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under thecontract23.sight credit c. compensation for loss124.insured d. a credit by which payment can be made uponpresentation of the draft25.specialization e. the main body of a contract26.contract proper f. social or natural calamities that take place beyond thecontrol of a contracting party27.premium g. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods28.force majeure h. to restrict one’s economic activities to certainparticular fields29.liberalization of trade i. those commodities not processed, or only slightlyprocessed, usually farm produce or raw materials30.primary commodities j. the act of government in lifting controls overimports and exportsⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms in English （10%）31.anti-dumping32.acquisition33.devaluation34.subrogate35.confirming bankⅤ.Answer the following questions in English （20%）36.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?37.What is Comparative Advantage?38.Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.39.What is the difference between D/P at sight and D/P after sight? Which is more favourable for the exporter?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（10%）40.In choosing a transportation mode for a particular product, shippers consider as many as six criteria: speed, frequency, dependability, capability, availability and cost. Thus if a shipper seeks speed, air and truck are the prime contenders. If the goal is low cost, then water and pipeline are the prime contenders. Shippers are increasingly combining two or more transportation modes, thanks to containerization. Containerization consists of putting the goods in boxes or trailers that2are easy to transfer between two transportation modes. Each coordinated mode of transportation offers specific advantages to the shipper.41.The practical advantages exist due to the peculiar environment within which counter trade usually takes place. They quite likely disappear when the environment changes—as is happening now in many countries. Restructuring and the development of markets may therefore mean that the environment within which counter trade usually takes place is changing so as to reduce its frequency. Reduced ownership restrictions are likely to shift the organizational forms toward joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises which possess production facilities. Improved knowledge, experience, and legal enforcement of contractual obligations will likely mean increasing use of longer term and more sophisticated explicit transaction contracts.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English（30%）42.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务的质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法制。

全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码05844

全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions: (10%)(i) From English into Chinese:1. usance credit2. certificate of origin3. intermediate products4. compensation trade5. securities(ii) From Chinese into English:6.经济一体化7.母公司8.还盘9.保兑行10.充分就业II. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right: (5%)( )11. preference a. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports orexports of a commodity( )12. mandate b. a practical advantage given to one over others( )13. quota c. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of acontracting party( )14. affiliate d. authority given to perform a duty( )15. force majeure e. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part byanother concernIII. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the abbreviation in English: (20%)16. gross domestic product (GDP)17. direct exchange rate18. bill of exchange19. insurable interest==============================专业收集精品文档=============================20. ICCIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only chooseHistorically, counter trade was mainly conducted in the form of (21) ________, which is a direct exchange of goods of approximately (22)________ value between parties, with no (23) ________ involved. Such transactions were the very essence of business at times during which no money —that is, no common medium of (24)________ —existed or was available. Over time, money emerged as a convenient (25)________ that unlinked transactions from individual parties and their joint timing and (26)________ permitted greater flexibility in trading activities. Repeatedly, however, we can see returns to the barter system as a (27)________ of environment circumstances. Conditions that encourage such business activities are (28) of money, lack of value of or faith (29) ________ money, lack of acceptability of money as an exchange medium, or greater ease of transaction (30)________ using goods.V. Translate the following into English: (25%)31. 就出口商的利益而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。

2008年4月国际商务英语试题

全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I. T ranslate the following words and expressions:(10%)(i) From English into Chinese:1. intellectual property2. economic globalization3. trade credit account4. common carrier5. grace period(ii) From Chinese into English:6. 关税壁垒7. 起运港8. （汇率）间接标价9. 资本市场10. 反倾销II. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:(5%)（）11. infrastructure a. to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particularfields（）12. drawback b. a person who carries on insurance as a business（）13. underwriter c. Large-scale public services, such as water and powersupplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc.needed to support economic activities, esp. industry,trade and commerce（）14. specialization d. to keep fixed or unchanged（）15. peg e. duties paid on imported goods that are refunded whenre-exportedIII. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the abbreviation in English:(20%)16. free trade area17. joint venture18. opening bank19. indemnity20. BOTIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (Y ou can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square):(10%)Foreign investment is of two kinds, portfolio investment and direct investment. Portfolio investment is a kind of investment in (21) the investor does not exercise any managerial control. The investor either holds foreign bonds or other non-equity (22) which do not confer ownership rights or the investor holds stock shares (or other equities) in a foreign company in an amount (23) small to exercise any managerial control. In (24) , foreign direct investment is a (25) equity investment in a foreign company that gives the investor managerial control (26) that company.Foreign direct investments are mainly (27) out by multinational corporations. Surveys and cases studies indicate that their common (28) for making foreign direct investments are based on strategic considerations involving market (29) , technological know-how, reducing (30) of distribution and transportation, labor, raw materials and political factors.V. T ranslate the following into English:(25%)31. 信用证不能给缔约双方提供绝对的安全。

自考商务英语05844 课后问答题答案

Lesson11.what does international business refer to?Please tell thedifference between international business and domestic business.?International business refer to transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the country is also regarded as import and export,such as business between Hongkong and T aiwan. International business takes place between countries while domestic business takes place in the same country.2.Please explain the differences between visible trade andinvisible trade. which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?Visible trade refer to the from of commodity trade, i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. Invisible trade refers to the kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking insurance , consulting, information etc. The latter is becoming moreand more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differencesin international business?Yes,I can. In business activities, Americans are more informal than Europeans. Americans are pleased to be called their first names to close the relationship.Europeans will think it impolite to be called the first names, especially the first time they meet.4.Please elaborate on the two categories of internationalinvestment. What is their major difference?International investment can be classified into two categories,that is ,foreign direct investment(FDI) and portfolio investment. The major difference between them is that FDI is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.5.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as ameans of entering a foreign market?In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Firms chooselicensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Beside, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.6.What is franchising? How is different from licensing?Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing.Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks. brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee ,the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.7.what is management contract? Under what conditions is itmost applicable?Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another withina particular period for a flat payment or a percentage ofthe relevant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries, it is most applicable.8.what is an international turnkey project? In what way is itsvariant BOT from it ?For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For BOT,B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. BOT is a popular variant of the turkey project. For a BOT project,a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.Lesson21.Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and pointout their major difference.Can we use them interchangeably?GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicatea country’s total income. GNP refers to the market value ofgoods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The major difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuss on ownership of the factors of production which the latterconcentrates on the place where production takes place. 2.what are meant by high income,middle income,and lowincome countries according to the World Bank?Cite some examples for each group.High –income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of $9,386 and above , e.g. the united states .Middle income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of below $9,386 but above $765, e.g. Greece.Low—income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of only $765 or below , e.g.most African countries.3.Why are high income countries important to trade andinvestment?Should we neglect low income countries in international business?Because high—income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, advanced technology, efficient management , and favorable environment for trade and investment .They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and both attractive aources and destinations of investment. But lower income countries should not be neglected in international business activities , because they constitutle markets forlower—priced staple goods , provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources . Besides, market is something to be developed.4.In what different ways are GDP and per capita incomesignificant in assessing the potential of a particular market?T otal GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods such as grain, steel ,or cement. Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.5.Was china a low—income country a few years ago? Howabout now ?China was a low—income country a few years ago, but nowa middle—income country.6.What does the term”Triad”refer to ?what is meant by Quad? Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world ,the United States ,the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. Quad extends the scope of Triad to include Canada.7.How much do you know about OECD?Please make a briefaccount.OECD stands for Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment . An organization that acts as a meeting ground for 30 countries which believe strongly in the free market system .The OECD provides a forum for discussing issues and reaching agreements ,some of which are legally binding. 8.What is the best policy for China to develop businessopportunities?The best policy for china to develop business opportunities is that we should pay particular attention to the markets around the four tigers ,the ASEAN countries, Russia , India,and a bit farther away Australia ,at the same tiem, do not neglect other markets. It is not a good idea to tie one’s business to only a few markets.Lesson31.what is free trade area?Make a brief account of the mostnotable free trade area in the world.In the free trade area, members remove barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each2.In what way is a customs union different from a free tradearea?3.What are the characteristics of a common market? Whichorganization remained a common market for some years in the past?4.How much do you know about an economic union? Canmembers of an economic union keep all of their national soveignty?5.Make a brief account of the origin and development of theEU.6.What is the most powerful institution of the EU? What is theexecutive body of the EU?How does it operate?7.Explain briefly the five layer organizational structure ofAsia—Pacific Economic Cooperation.8.What are the tenet and objectives of APEC? What is meantby its two wheels?9.What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?Lesson41.What are the basic feature and major role of economicglobalization?2.Mention some of the pros and cons of economicglobalization.what is the right attitude towards it ?3.What is the formal definition of a multinationalenterprise?How can you tell whether a multinational corporation is a parent or just an affiliate?4.Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.5.What is the commonly recognized recognized objective ofMNEs.6.Why is seurity so important to MNEs?7.Do you think “wide geographical spread”of MNEs play a veryimportant role in the development of their business?Why? 8.What is the relationship between MNEs and their hostcountries?9.What are the four types of multinational enterprises?Describeeach of therm briefly.10.Are there many world companies at present?Imagine theirfuture role in complete globalization?Lesson51.How would you define international trade?2.Why did international trade first begin?3.What is the new incentive for trade that arose with thedevelopment of manufacturing and technology?4.According to the theory of absolute advantage,trade occursonly when a country has an absolute advantage over another.Is that always true?5.Who introduced the theory of comparative advantage? Whichtheory makes more sense,absolute advantage or comparative advantage?6.Explain briefly why trade to exploit comparative advantagepromotes efficiency among countries.7.IS comparative advantage somethingstagic?Is it purelydecided by the endowments of nature>?Give examples to show the development of comparative advantage by certain countries.Lesson61.Are there other bases for trade when there are no differencesamong countries in production conditions? Mention some of the bases.2.What is economy of scale? What is the relation betweeneconomy of scale and trade?3.What does the theory of international specialization seek toanswer?4.Will complete specialization occur in reality?Why?5.What is tariff barriers?What is a customs area and what is acustoms union>?6.What is most favoured nation treatment? Is it a very specialtreatment ? Why?7.What is the most common form of non-tariff barriers?Explain it in a few words.8.what are the differences between visible trade and invisibletrade?Give a few examples of invisible trade.9.Explain briefly the different kinds of tariffs.Lesson71.What sort of risks can arise when goods are being movedfrom one place to another?If risks do occur ,what consequences would they bring about?2.Why is it necessary to have incoterms? And what is thepurpose of making amendments and additions to incoterms?3.Do you know anything about container transport ?Is it arevolutionary innovation in transportation techniques? Give your reasons.4.Can you explain the world “negotiable”in the phrase“negotiable transport document”?5.what are the four different categories of terms in incomes2000?6.what are the four different categories of term inincoterms2000?7.how do you understand the first sentence of paragraph 6?Tryto put it into Chinese and then paraphrase it in English.8.why should the compilers of Incoterms 2000 take the troubleto set forth in detail the division of dutises,taxes,costs and charges etc.of both sellers and buyers,as some of therm are irrelevant to either the seller or the buyer?9.Explain briefly the term FOB,CFR and CIF.10.In what areas are substantive changes made withIncomterms 2000?Lesson81.what is a contract ? what may happen if a contracting partyfails to fulfill his obligations?2.Mention the two types of business negotiations,and giveexamples of each.3.Is an inquiry binding on the inquirer? What is firstinquiry,and what information should be given in it ?4.What is a firm offer? What contents should be included in afirm offer>?5.Is a counter offer an acceptance or a refusal of the originaloffer? What happens to the offer once a counter offer is made?6.Is a written contract a must internationally for the conclusionof a transaction ? what is the case in china? What are the functions of a written contract?7.what is the difference between a sales contract and purchasecontract, and between a contract and a confirmation?8.Give me major items of the contract proper.9.Are the stipulations on the back of the contract its constituentparts ? Are they binding on the contracting parties?Lesson91.what is counter trade ?why has it attracted so muchattention?2.hwo did counter trade originate? And what was the nature ofearly counter trade?3.whay should Britain use bilateral clearing arrangements atterworld war 2?4.what are the main features of the current counter trade? Canyou summarize the categories briefly under counter trade? 5.what are the major differences between counter purchase andbuyback?6.what is meant by bundling? What is the opposite way of doingbusiness?7.since bunding is not an efficient way of getting businessdone,why should a significant part of the international trade of goods as well as services still be bundled?8.what are the advantages and disadvantages of counter trade?9.what are the basic conditions for countertrade to exist?10.what are the other modes of trade mentioned in the next? Lesson101.why is it difficult to effect payment in a straight forwaremanner in international trade?2.mention somer of the risks the exporter and the importer mayface in trade.3.explain briefly the following methods of payment:cash inadvance; open account; consignment transactions.4.what is a draft?Does it have another name? what are therelevant parties in relation to a draft?5.what is the difference between a sight draft and a usancedraft and what is the difference between a clean draft and a documentary draft ?6.what is documents against payment? What are D/Pat slightand D/P after sight? Which is more favourable for the exporter? When does the importer get the shipping documents in the case of D/P after sight?7.what is the different between D/A and D/P after sight? Whichis safter for the exporter?8.Is payment by collection very common in international trade?Mention some cases when collection is used.Lesson111.what constitutes conflicting problems for international tradein respect of payment ? why?2.what is the unique feature of the letter of credit? How does itoffer security to the buyer and the seller?3.when was the modern letter or credit introduced and whendid it have substantial development ? what are the other names of the letter of credit ?4.Explain briefly the following terms: A.applicant; principal ;B.opening bank ; issuing bank ; establishing bank ; Cbenefically; D.advising bank ; E. confirming bank.5.why does the exporter sometimes require a confirmed letter ofcredit ? who usually adds confirmation to the credit?6.what are the main conternts of a letter of credit ? Mention atleast 10 items.7.what are the banks concerned with in credit operations? Doesa credit guarantee that the goods invoiced are thosepurchased ?8.In case of problems with the quality or quantity of the goods,who shall the buyer contact so long as the documents comply with the terms and conditions of the credit?Lesson121.Explain the difference between clean credit and documentarycredit .where is the former generally used?2.what is an irrevocable letter of credit ? If a credit is notspecified as revocable or irrevocable ,what type should it beregarded ?3.By whom is confirmation undertaken in the case of aconfirmed letter of credit?4.Since a confirmed credit provides the greatest degree ofsecurity to the beneficiary,it should be used for all transactions .Is this statement right ? why?5.what is the advantage of a sight letter of credit to thebeneficiary?6.what does the beneficiary do in the case of a usance credit ofhe wishes to get payment before the maturity of the draft ? 7.how many times and to how many parties can a credit betransferred.?8.in what situation is a revolving letter of credit most useful?9.Can the letter of credit provide absolute security for thecontracting parties? What losses may the seller or the buyer still sustain?10.what is a non- draft credit? How many types can it beclassified into?Lesson131.what are the possible consequences of incorrectdocumentation?2.what factors decide the types of documents required for aparticular transaction?3.what is commercial invoice? What is relation between thecommercial invoice and other documents? Mention some of the major contents to be included in a commercial invoice. 4.Mention 2 types of shipping documents that are similar infunction to the packing list. What is the difference between them and the packing list .5.what are the 3major functions of the bill of lading?6.define the meeting of “the consignee”. Who is possilbly to bethe consignee in a bill of lading?7.what is a clean on board bill of lading? Is a foul (not clean)billof lading acceptable?8.Give the names of counterparts of the ocean bill of lading inthe case of air transportation and railway transportation.9.In what currency should the goods be insured? Where areinsurance claims to be settled?10.Is it acceptable for the date of the insurance document to belater than the date of the bill of lading? Why?Lesson141.do you agree that a society without an advancedtransportation system would remain primitive? Can you give one example?2.what are the major modes of the modern freighttransportation system?3.what is “contract carriers”?4.what is the most important contribution of tansportation tothe society ?5.what is the difference between domestic transportation andinternational transportation mentioned in the text?6.what are the factors that determine the amount ofdocumentation required?7.what are the major reasons for the trend among businessfirms to provide their own transportation capability?8.can you summarize briefly the factors that have caused thechanges in the ransportation industry?9.what is the meaning of transportation deregulation? Give oneof the results of the deregulation.10.The globalization of business has not only madetransportation more important but also promoted the development of this industry. Do you agree to the above statement? Could you give some examples to illustrate the viewpoint?Lesson151.what is meant by “potential loss” in the second paragraph?2.without insurance what kind of uncertainty may beexperienced by an individual or an enterprise?3.“There will be some variation in claim costs from year to yearand the premiums include a small margin to build up a reserve upon which the company can draw in bad years .”Paraphrase the above sentence and explain especially the implication of “bad years”.4.what are the functions of insurance?5.what is transportation insurance ? why is it so important?6.Do you think it is necessary to change the term ”marineinsurance “into “transportation insurance:”? why and why not?7.why do businessmen like to pay a premium into an insurancepool even though trade did exist when there was no method of insurance available in the past?8.Explain the underlined expression in the sentence “He doesnot want to scoop the pool”Lesson161.what are the basic principles of insurance that firms mustfollow when they seek cover for goods?2.Can you give some examples to illustrate “insurableinterest”?3.how important is insurable interest?4.what is the most important fact about “utmost good faith”?5.how are cargo policies usually calculated for values to becovered?6.can you briefly describe subrogation?7.will the insurer compensate the claim for loss for which therisk covered is not the proximate cause?Lesson171.Explain briefly the meaning of the gold standard? What kindof exchange rate system did it create?2.How much can you tell about the Bretton Woods Conference?What is meant by “adjustable peg “?3.what is the Special Drawing Right ? How was it created ?4.what are the major factors that may influence the exchangerate ?Explain briefly.5.what is meant by clean float and dirty float? What are thecommon measures taken for intervention in exchange rate ?6.illustrate the respectie advantages and disadvantages of theflexible exchange rate system and the fixed exchange rate system.7.How are exchange rates published daily? what quote doeschina use ?How about the other major countries?8.what are the three types of foreign exchange price? Where arethe buying rate and the selling rate marked in the respective case of direct quote and indirect quote?Lesson181.what institutions does the World Bank Group consist of ?2.what are the principles governing the leading of theinternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development?3.what is meant by hard loans and soft loans ? what institutionsare they associated with respectively?4.why are the funds used by IDA called credits ?what are themajor sources of the credits?5.what is the function of IFC? What is the prerequistite for acountry to be a member of IFC?6.what is MIGA? What are its functions?>7.Please find out from the text the paramount task of the WorldBank?8.in what aspects does the World Bank make efforts to reducethe poverty of developing countries?9.what is the objective of the international Monetary Fund?what is the relation between the IMFand the United Nations?10.what is the quota of the International Monetary Fund? Is itimportant ? why?11.Explain briefly how a member borrows from theInternational Monetary Fund?Lesson191.How do you understand FDI? Please explain it with one ortwo specific examples.2.what are the possible factors on the supply side that influencea firm’s decision on undertake FDI?3.Is controlling costs a major motivation for firms to undertakeFDI? Why ?4.Are there any factors on the demand side encouragingenterprises to make investment abroad ? what are they ?5.what is meant by JIT? How does it affect the turnover of thesupply of the goods?6.Does a firm have to put the political factors into considerationwhen making choice of investment overseas ? what are these factors ?7.Illustrate with examples what “the Greenfield strategy” is ?8.what is acquisition ? what is a joint venture ? please explaintheir respective advantages and pitfalls?Lesson201.what is capital—raising market ? Can you give it anappropriate definition?2.what is meant by “ investment instruments”?3.Is the market floor still as significant as it used to be ? How ismost business done today?4.How are the investors protected if they choose to do businesswith the International Stock Exchange?5.In what way do the International Stock Exchange memberfirms enroll their employees?6.Can you explain the phrase “to raise capital on acost—effective basis”?7.what makes it necessary for a government to be involved insecurities business?8.what does “to balance the books”mean? What does the word“books ”refer to ?9.what does “option”mean?10.what does “foreign equities: refer to ? Is it becoming animportant part of securities business?Lesson211.make a brief account of the origin and development of WTO(including its predecessor). When did it formally start operation?2.what is the cumulative effect of all the GATT negotiations inrespect of tariffs ?3.Explain the principles of GSP. How and when was itestablished?4.how many rounds of negotiations were held under GATT?What important decision was made before the conclusion of Urguay Round?5.what are the three major objectives of WTO ?6.Is the WTO a mere replacement of GATT? How does WTOdiffer from its predecessor ?7.what has China done to honour its commitments for gainingaccession to theWTO?8.Does it pay for China to devote such a lot of efforts for WTOmembership ? Mention some of its major performances in respect of trade and investment.9.Are all the worries before China’s entry into WTOgroundless ? What major challenges does china still face despite all its achievements?Lesson221.Why should the developing countries urge the creation of anew institution when ECOSOC and GATT had already been there?2.What is the meaning of non—discrimination principle?3.What does “commodity”exactly refer to in the followingsentence::”Although in 1963 there were 43 international organizations dealing with commodity and other trade problems…”?4.What is the theme of the 11th session of UNCTAD?5.Could the developed countries benefit from giving adid todeveloping countries ? why ?6.What do you know about the Group of 77?7.How do you understand th sentence “support along theselines might be some kind of compensation for the “exploitation ”of former colonies”?8.What are the specific aims of developing countries’demandfor more cash and trade concessions from the developed countries?9.What is the meaning of “at their disposal”? Could you find asimilar expression to replace it ?10.How are conference decisions and board decisions made?。

05844 国际商务英语自考名词解释及课后问答题答案

05844 国际商务英语自考名词解释及课后问答题答案一、What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.1. International business refers to transactions between parties from different countries.There are four major differences between international business and domestic business:1) differences in legal system2) differences in currencies3) differences in cultural background4) differences in natural and economic conditionsPlease explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?2. Commodity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country forconsumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference? 4. Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market?5. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?6. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called thefranchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?7. Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to anotherwithin a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volum.When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets..What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?8. For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all thedesigning, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.Franchise: an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in certain area.Royalty: money paid to the owner of a copyright fr permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, use, at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the product.Patent: a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.Non-tariff barries: all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.Portfolio: the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.Turnkey project: one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.Budget: an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu, a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.Return: the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.Expertise: expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-howLicensor: a person or company granting a license1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)

1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。

国际商务英语复习资料

国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语复习资料在当今全球化的时代，国际商务英语的重要性日益凸显。

无论是从事国际贸易、跨国公司工作，还是希望扩大自己的职业发展空间，掌握国际商务英语都是必不可少的。

为了帮助大家更好地复习和掌握国际商务英语知识，本文将提供一些复习资料和方法。

一、商务词汇商务词汇是国际商务英语的基础，掌握一定的商务词汇是进行商务交流的前提。

在复习过程中，可以通过背单词、阅读商务文章等方式来积累商务词汇。

此外，还可以使用商务英语词汇书籍、在线词汇工具等辅助工具来巩固记忆。

二、商务写作商务写作是国际商务英语的重要组成部分。

在商务写作中，要注意使用正式、准确的语言表达自己的观点和意见。

在复习过程中，可以通过模仿商务邮件、商务报告等文档来提升自己的商务写作能力。

同时，也可以阅读商务英语写作指南，学习商务写作的常用句型和表达方式。

三、商务口语商务口语是进行商务交流的重要方式。

在商务口语中，要注意语速、语调、表达清晰等方面。

在复习过程中，可以通过与他人进行商务对话、模拟商务谈判等方式来提升自己的商务口语能力。

同时，也可以参考商务英语口语教材，学习商务口语的常用表达和场景对话。

四、跨文化交际国际商务英语不仅仅是语言的学习，还包括了跨文化交际的能力。

在国际商务交流中，不同的文化背景和价值观会对商务活动产生影响。

在复习过程中，可以通过学习不同国家的商务礼仪、文化差异等来提升自己的跨文化交际能力。

同时，也可以参加国际商务交流活动，与外国商务人士进行交流，亲身感受跨文化交际的挑战和机遇。

五、实践应用复习国际商务英语不仅仅是理论的学习，更重要的是能够将所学知识应用到实践中。

在复习过程中，可以通过参加商务英语角、进行商务模拟演练等方式来锻炼自己的实践应用能力。

同时，也可以参与国际商务项目、实习等机会，将所学知识运用到实际工作中，提升自己的实际操作能力。

总结起来，国际商务英语的复习资料包括商务词汇、商务写作、商务口语、跨文化交际等方面。

4月全国自考国际商务英语试题及答案解析

全国2018年4月自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. customs area2. roll on-roll off traffic3. amendment4. gold standard5. gilt-edged stocks6. compound duties7. discount rate8. certificate of quality9. national treatment10. cost economiesⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11．世界银行12. 互利贸易13. 保兑信用证14. 装船通知15. 增值税16. 追溯到17. 原产地港口18. 货物保险19. 商品交易会20. 目的地Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21. integration a. the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns22. voluntary offer b. connecting with the sea or navigation123. draft c. producing optimum results for the expenditure24. viability d. combining into a whole25. investment e. a person or an organization etc. that receives something26. export earnings f. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract27. maritime g. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer28. premium h. money earned on the sale of goods to other countries29. cost-effective i. ability to succeed in operation30. recipient j. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of moneyⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%）31. absolute advantage32. irrevocable credit33. indemnity34. green field strategy35. APECⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Why is it necessary to revise Incoterms in 1990?37. Why was the Special Drawing Right created?38. What contents should be included in a firm offer?39. What does international business refer to?Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. In insurance of all risks, the insurer is responsible for total or partial loss or damage to the insured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessels or craft or by any external causes. But it does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks.41. The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world, the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. Any international enterprise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successful in the increasingly competitive world market.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）242.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。

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05844国际商务英语复习题资料（8）
VII. Translate the following into English
43.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。

44. 有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。

42. Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers.
43. The visible trade is the import and export of goods, and the invisible trade is the exchange of services between countries.
VII. Translate the following into English
43. 合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。

44.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈。

45.买方发出的询盘是为了获得拟定购商品的有关信息，它对发出询盘的人无约束力。

46.有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。

在规定的时间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的。

47.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦作出还盘，原报盘即失效而失去约束力。

43. A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.
44. Oral business negotiations refer to face-to-face discussions or those conducted through international trunk calls.
45. Enquiries made by the buyer are to get information about the goods to be ordered, and are not binding on the inquirer.
46. The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected.
47. A counter-offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made
VII. Translate the following into English
43.毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是一个原始落后的社会。

44.这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同，从而使它们各有比较优势和劣势。

五种运输方式分别是：水路，铁路，公路，管道及航空
43. There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive.
44. The modes differ in terms of operating characteristics and capabilities, giving them comparative advantages and disadvantages. The five major modes are water, rail, truck, pipeline and air.
VII. Translate the following into English
43.要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。

44.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。

43. In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.
44. As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia,
India etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.
VII. Translate the following into English
42.为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。

43.许多国家交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或者顾客的支付命令。

44.即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。

45. 就出口而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。

42. Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade.
43. A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft, which is an order to a bank or a customer to pay.
44. Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.
45. So far as the exporter's interest is concerned D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable than D/A.
VII. Translate the following into English
43.弹性汇率制从没有真正地“干净”或自由地浮动过。

因为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价格进行干涉。

44.在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇利率。

45.外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率，售出汇率和两者的平均值-----中间汇率。

43. The flexible exchange rate system has never been clean float of free float, because the central bank takes various measures to intervene in the price of its currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate.
44. Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of one's own currency.
45. There are three types of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selling rate and the average of the previous two the medial rate.
VII. Translate the following into English
43. 即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率。

44.国外直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业，购买现有设施和建立合资公司。

43. The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.
44. FDI is mainly practiced in three forms: Building new enterprises, purchasing existing facilities and forming joint ventures.。