06_工艺选择与设施布置解析

• 设施布置Facility layout:
– 布置的类型Layout types – 产品原则布置：生产线平衡
Product layout: Line-balancing problems
– 工艺原则布置：各部门间的工作流量
Process layout: Interdepartmental Work Flows
– 一个组织将输入品转化为输出品的过程中的任何一个环节。 – (注意和流程的区别）
• 工艺选择Process selection
– 组织产品生产或服务提供的方式
Deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized
• 主要根据Major implications
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工艺类型 Process Types
• 工艺专业化生产Job shop
– 小规模Small scale
• 批量生产Batch
– 中等规模Moderate volume
• 装配线生产Repetitive/assembly line
– 标准化程度较高的产品/服务
High volumes of standardized goods or services
2018/10/5 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University 7
装配线生产Repetitive/assembly line
位于巴勒斯坦伊斯顿的宾尼和史密斯克雷奥拉产品制造商 每年生产近30亿支蜡笔。
A repetitive process: Binney & Smith, maker of Crayola products, produces nearly 3 billion crayons each year in its Easton, PA, manufacturing facility.
• 连续流程 Continuous
– 生产高度标准化的产品/服务
Very high volumes of non-discrete goods
2018/10/5 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University 5
工艺专业化生产Job shop一个中西医结合的医院医生会诊过程，设计心导管检查术
– 工艺原则布置：系统规划设计
Process layout: Systematic Layout Planning
– 服务布置Service Layout
2018/10/5 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University 2
简介 Introduction
• 工艺Process
A job shop process: A midwestern hospital medical team performs a diagnostic procedure involving a cardiac catheterization.
2018/10/5
Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University
– 劳动密集度Capacity planning
– 设施布置Layout of facilities – 设备Equipment – 作业系统的设计Design of work systems
2018/10/5 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University 3
工艺选择 Process Selection
– 布置的类型Layout types – 产品原则布置：生产线平衡
Product layout: Line-balancing problems
– 工艺原则布置：各部门间的工作流量
Process layout: Interdepartmental Work Flows
– 工艺原则布置：系统规划设计
2018/10/5 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University 9
提纲 Outline
• 工艺选择Process selection:
– 工艺类型 Process Type – 产品工艺矩阵 Production-Process Matrix
• 设施布置Facility layout:
工艺选择与设施布置
Process Selection and Facility Layout
周伟华 博士 浙江大学 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University
提纲 Outline
• 工艺选择Process selection:
– 工艺类型 Process Type – 产品工艺矩阵 Production-Process Matrix
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批量生产Batch
食物准备，一次一个菜单项，在美国内华达州拉斯维加斯的 凯撒宫的Spago厨房。
A batch process: Food is prepared, one menu item at a time, in the kitchen of the Spago Restaurant in the Forum at Caesar’s Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada.
• 品种Variety
– 系统需要处理多少品种的产品/服务？
How much
• 灵活性Flexibility
– 需要具有什么样柔性的设备？
What degree
• 产量Volume
– 期望的产量是多少？
Expected output
2018/10/5
Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University
2018/10/5 Dr. Weihua Zhou Zhejiang University 8
连续流程 Continuous
一个炼油厂的持续生产过程，把原油分解为石油，化工原 油，以及其他产品。
A continuous process: An oil refinery performs a continuous process, breaking down crude oil into petroleum, chemicals, and many other products.