跨文化交际期末term paper Hofstede`s value dimensions

DIFFERENT MANAGE SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT CULTUREA Term Paperpresented tothe Course of Intercultural Communication,Spring, 2012,College of *************************Universityby*******June 2012摘要以霍夫斯塔德文化维度理论为依据，通过对比分析，总结了造成不同文化的不同管理体系差异的缘由。

霍夫斯塔德维度理论又分为四个部分，即：权力距离、个体主义与集体主义、男性度与女性度、不确定性避免以及长期取向于短期取向。

在现代社会，管理体制对于企业的发展起着非常重要的决定性作用，这使得在不同文化体制下的相似机构，可能会产生截然不同的管理体制，这些管理体制不但影响着企业的发展模式和趋向，也从侧面反映了文化的内涵。

但是并不意味着某种体制就是绝对的合理的，这取决于不同的文化体制，在不同的国家，也就需要有不同的管理体制来适应社会文化。

关键词：霍夫斯塔德文化维度理论；不确定性避免；权力距离；管理体系AbstractHofstede cultural dimensions theory based on comparative analysis , summarizes the differences in the cause of the different management systems for different cultures . Hofstede dimension theory is divided into four parts, namely: power distance , individualism and collectivism , the degree of males female degree , uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation in short-term orientation .In modern society, the management system for enterprise development plays a very important and decisive role , which makes similar institutions in different culture system may have very different management system , management system not only affect development patterns and trends , but also from the reflection of the culture.But does not mean some kind of system is absolutely reasonable , depending on the different cultural systems in different countries , also need to have a different management system to adapt to the social and cultural .Key words：Hofstede cultural dimensions theory ,uncertainty avoidance index ,power distance ,manage systemOutline1. Introduction2. Different manage system2.1 Manage system in China2.2 Manage system in some other countries3. reason for the different manage system between different countries3.1 What factors have contributed to the different3.2 use Hofstede`s cultural dimensions theory to deal with it4. conclusion1. IntroductionManagement system plays an increasingly important role in modern society . It directly affects the status and prospects of the development of enterprises , and influence the composition of the culture . However, in different countries , has a different management system culture , this difference makes the different countries , the development model and the development of obvious differences.However , this cultural difference is not absolutely correct or incorrect, a different management system culture is based on the different countries and cultural backgrounds , that is, suitable for the system in some countries is not necessarily suited to another country , so study this system because , for our management system has an important role.Next, the different management systems in different countries will make to describe and explain.2. Different manage systems2.1 Manage system in ChinaEnterprises in China , focusing on the harmony between the employees , so in many cases , we can not see the very strong competition between employees . However , between the staff and leadership , but there are obvious differences . Employees are not and leadership on the same height , the obvious differences in status makes employees for the leader has a very strong fear , so in many cases , the fault of the leader,We dare to point it out , which makes the development of enterprises has been hampered in some sense , more than that , however terrible . When employees fear a sense of the leader have seriously affected the enthusiasm of the staff , making Arrested Development .On the other hand , the Chinese management system , there are obvious collectivism that everyone's interests above all else , if someone destroyed thecollective interests , it will be condemned by the collective , and will be punished accordingly .So ,in China ,there are obviously Collectivism , the development of enterprises by the collective impact.2.2 Manage systems in some other countriesIn other countries, this management system will be significantly different. For example, in the United States in the management system of the United States , focusing on individualism, everyone is fighting for in some respects superior to other people , which makes the enterprise , there is a clear competitive relationship.More importantly, there does not exist significant differences in status between the leader and staff , employees can choose their own views directly to tell the leader and the leader does not get angry , but will actively promote the recommendations this role in promoting the healthy development of enterprises.In most cases, the interests of the individual is the highest , which makes everyone's enthusiasm is very high.However, the management system of this individualism is not necessarily good. For example, if everyone is only thinking about their own interests, then will play an adverse impact on the development of the enterprises themselves , everyone cares about their own interests, so that companies can not meet everyone's needs , so that will be interests of many people by the threat of others,An obvious gap between the employees and the leader will be a great big undermine the prestige of the managers for the management of the business will have a bad effect.3. reason for the different manage systembetween different countries3.1 What factors have contributed to the differentFrist ,I think what`s more important is different values .For example ,in China ,Many people care about is the collective interests , followed by personal interests , while the United States on the contrary , they care about is their personal interests , which is the most important.Second ,is the attitude of the powers .in China ,employee is very care for power of leaders ,if someone have power strong than his ,he will do everything more carefully than faced with others , But in the United States and some other Western countries , leaders and staff is totally different in the attitude of the rights ,they care about is the ability , rather than power , in fact , and values is a certain relationship.Third ,it also relate to culture .For example ,in China , An individual to adapt to the collective culture , which makes people pay more attention to the integration into the collective , but in some countries, adapt to the individual's culture is a collective , where the role of the individual will be greater than the collective.Last one ,tradition also play an important role .In china ,our tradition is everyone should care about other ,we can`t live without others ,we should always think about others` benefit .But in America or other countries they think more about themselves ,in sometimes ,person benefit is important than other .3.2 Use Hofstede`s cultural dimensions theory to deal with itHofstede`s cultural dimensions theory has five parts ,that is power distance , individualism versus collectivism ,masculine versus femininity ,uncertainty avoidance index and long and short term orientation.Power distance ,For example, the United States is relatively small power distance countries, American workers tend to not accept the concept of administrative privileges , and lower levels generally considered superior and themselves . Between employees and managers in the United States, moreequal , more harmonious relationship , staff are better able to learn , progress and better ourselves and achieve their personal values . China is relatively large power distance countries , here a very important status symbol , superiors have the privilege is considered to be as it should be , such a privilege greatly contribute to the implementation of superior to subordinate power . Individualism refers to a combination of a loose social structure , each of whom value their own values and needs, relying on individual efforts to seek benefits for themselves in individualistic societies , interpersonal loose , everyone is their own to take care of their own and their families . " collectivism" refers to a combination of strong social organizations , which tend to groups within and outside " groups " to distinguish in a collectivist society , people from birth with a strong and cohesive groups within the combination of the care that they expect to get the "group " , but also to the group to maintain absolute loyalty in return .so ,in China ,we mostly see the collectivism than individualism .Also ,in Hofstede`s cultural dimensions theory ,tell us what influence the different manage system bring to enterprise incentive .there are three facts influence it ,that is individualism versus collectivism ,uncertainty avoidance index and masculine versus femininity .Like America ,Countries with a high degree of individualism ,incentive to these countries mostly from the personal to the individual self-fulfillment and personal dignity as the main content of the incentive . Third World countries and Japan , countries with a high degree of collectivism , incentives should focus on the relationship between the individual and the collective , over- reward individual often does not work .4. conclusionIn summary ,we know ,there are many factors influence the different manage system in different countries ,that is power distance , individualism versus collectivism , masculine versus femininity , uncertainty avoidance indexand long and short term orientation .they influence enthusiasm and attitude to the benefits in our surrounding . No matter which one factor ,they are all play important role in manage culture ,it give different culture different manage system ,no matter individualism o collectivism ,they are all fit in their own countries and own culture ,it make manage system more Reasonable in some countries ,there none system is fit in every countries ,so ,we should find out our system to make our enterprise more and more successful .Those other different kinds of manage system can only give us some example and suggestion .so ,in modern time ,we should manage our enterprise in our own way and Lesson from other kinds of manage system ,thus ,our country`s enterprise can be real successful .Bibliography1, Xuan,X.(2009).Cross -cultural scholars review: Hofstede .Retrieved June 7,2,[Hu ,J]胡军，（1995），跨文化管理[M]，山东:暨南大学出版社。