国际贸易实务-第十三章
国贸实务第13章
2.审证的内容(nèiróng) 根据(gēnjù)英国国际贸易程序简化委员会审 证须知要点精神，审证的内容有以下几点 ：(1)信用证到期的地点。 (2)开证人和受益人的名称(míngchēng)地址是否有误
。
精品文档
依合同条款的审核：
(3)来证的货币金额、单价、价格术语是否(shì 正确。 fǒu) (4)品名、数量、规格是否符合合同规定。
• ③外形查验：是指对外部特征直观、易于 判断基本属性的货物的包装、唛头和外观 等状况进行验核的查验方式。
精品文档
查验 的地点 (cháyàn)
• 查验地点 • 一般应在海关监管区内的出口口岸码头(mǎ 、 tou)
车站、机场、邮局或其他海关监管场所内实施。 • 因货物易受温度、静电、粉尘等自然因素影
“单货一致”
“单同一致”
单据上所叙述的各有关项目必须与实际货物情况 完全一致。单货一致体现出口商的信誉。
即单据所表示的内容与合同要求完全一致。单据与合同 一致表明出口商严格履约。
精品文档
（2）各种单据必须(bìxū)符合有关国际惯例和进
口国的有关法令和规定。
☆ UCP600: 跟单信用证统一惯例
☆ ISBP：(关于(guānyú)审核跟单信用证项下 单据的)国际标准银行实务
• 从2006年1月日起，报考报关员须具有大 专及以上学历。
精品文档
六、出口 保险 (chū kǒu)
被保险人的姓名、被保险货物(huòwù)的品名 标记、数量及包装、保险金额、运输工具名
在以称CI、F术开航语日成期交及时起，讫由地出点口、投公保司险作别为、投投保保人向保 险公司日办期理及投签保章手等续。。具体流程(liúchéng)：
第十三章 海运提单与装船通知 《国际贸易实务模拟操作教程》PPT课件
二、提单的功能
• （１） 表明货物的所有权：持单人只要是经过合法背书转让拿到提单的， 即可向船公司
• 主张拥有货物所有权并办理提货（换成提货单后）。 • （２） 运送合同：由于货物装船后才签发提单，因此提单相当于托运人
与船公司所缔结 • 的运送合同。 • （３） 装船收据：提单亦可以当作船公司收到货物时，发给托运人作为
• ２、填写完成后，回到业务中心，点
应用案例分析１３－２
• 出口商宏昌国际股份有限公司（ Grand West Foods Corp.） 完成货物装船后， 寄发
• “装船通知” 给进口商Carters Trading Company，LLC （请 参阅Form１３－２）：
• 出口商宏昌国际股份有限公司（ Grand West Foods Corp.） 完成报关等手续后，将货
• 物装船出运，船公司签发提单（请参阅Form１３－１）：
第二节 装船通知
• 装船通知（ Shipping Advice），是出口商向进口商发出的货 物已于某月某日或将于某月
• 某日装运某船的通知，其内容通常包括合同或信用证号码、 货名、装运数量、船名、装船日
• 期、装货港、预定抵埠日期（Estimated Time of Arrival； ETA） 等。
模拟操作提示１３－２
• 在SimTrade实习平台软件中，寄发装船通知在“业务中心 “页面中完成，具体步骤为：
• １、点标志为“进口商” 的建筑物，再点“添加单据”， 添加“Shipping Advice”，并到单据列表中进行填写；
第十三章 海运提单与装船通知
• 第一节 海运提单 • 模拟操作提示１３－１ • 应用案例分析１３－１ • 第二节 装船通知 • 模拟操作提示１３－２ • 应用案例分析１３－２
国际贸易实务第13章合同标的课件
2.以使用的主要原材料命名 棉布，羊毛衫，玻璃杯
3.以主要成分命名 西洋参蜂皇浆，人参珍珠霜
4.以外观造型命名 绿豆，喇叭裤，纸管
5.以人物名字命名 孔府家酒 6.以制作工艺命名 二锅头，精制油
命名方法和品名条款注意问题
简式：仅写标的名称； 繁式：标的名称与品质条款结合 品名条款应订得明确具体，切实反映交易标的
中国采用制度 按weight：metric ton, long ton, short
ton, kg, gram, ounce, pound…
1公吨＝1000千克，1长吨＝1016千克， 1短吨＝907.2千克
按number: piece, pair, set, coil, bale, dozen, roll, ream, bag, case…
该公司签约时，只是笼统地写了10000吨 （ton），主观地认为合同上的吨就是公吨 （Metric ton）。
但外商来证要求按长吨（Long ton）供货。 如照证办理则多交大米160.5公吨，折合美
元为44137．5美元。 双方发生争议。
CASE
某外贸公司出口水果罐头一批，合同规定 纸箱包装，每箱30听，共80箱。
业务员在发货时将其改为每箱24听，共计 100箱，总听数没变。
第一章
商品名称和质量
第一节 商品的名称
也称品名，使该商品区别于其他商品，体 现了商品的自然属性、用途和主要的性能 特征。
加工程度越低，其名称一般较多地反映其 自然属性，加工程度越高，名称更多地体 现商品的性能特征。
商品命名方法
按length: meter, foot, yard, inch, cm…
《国际贸易实务》课文译文Unit 13
第十三单元知识产权第十三单元知识产权第一部分专利1-1专利制度的重要性专利制度是由国家制定的用于保护和鼓励发明创作的一种法律体系，并促进科学技术和国际经济发展，通过给发明创造授予专利权来促进科学与技术的合作。
当今世界，许多国家已经建立了专利制度。
大多数国家采取巴黎公约下的原则鼓励专利申请。
事实证明这种国际专利制度形成是科学技术和国际经济关系发展的结果，反之，这种国际专利制度也推动科学技术和国际经济关系的发展进程。
中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。
她一边对国内经济推行鼓励政策一边实行改革开放政策。
为了早日实现四现代化的宏伟目标，中国已经采取并将继续采取一系列改革措施，包括用科学技术来改革行政部门。
经济发展取决于科学技术的发展，因此有必要采取高技术、设备和开发新方法与其它国家进行经济和技术的交流。
为了达到这些目标，我们必须鼓励国内发明创造，同时引进国外的先进技术。
没有专利制度，任何企业或个体都有权利免费使用他人的科技发明或创造。
可以想像很多人勉强或不愿意发明创造，并且外国人将犹豫是否将他们新的且具有竞争力的技术转让给中国或是以骇人的高价出售给中国。
为了克服这些不利条件，中国制定了以独立、平等互利为基础的专利法。
专利法根据国际相关的惯例与中国国情相结合而草拟的。
专利法保证专利制度的实施，并且保护了专利权所有人的利益。
因此它将促进中国和其它国家之间的技术转让。
1-2《中华人民共和国专利法》我国已经从国外引进先进的技术。
同时，中国也对外国出口科技项目，特别是第三世界国家。
因此，理解中国专利法是我们的义务。
它包括八个章节和69个条款，于1984年3月12日颁布并实施。
条款规定如下:（1）保护发明，实用新型和外观设计这是中国专利法的特征之一。
多数国家专利法仅提供授予发明创造专利权包括实用新型；有些国家专利法，譬如美国，仅提供授予发明和设计的专利权；但是在第1页。
国际贸易实务13
国际贸易实务
13.1出口合同的履行
二、证（催证、审证、改证） 催证：以信用证为支付方式的合同，买方按 时开证是卖方履约的前提。出口公司在合同 签订之后，应于合理时间催促对方办理开证 手续。 审证：在实际业务中，银行和进出口公司共 同承担审证任务。 改证：凡影响到合同执行和安全收汇的情况， 应要求买方通过开证行修改，并坚持在收到 银行修改信用证通知书后才能对外发货。需 修改的内容应一次向国外客户提出。
中国海洋大学青岛学院
国际贸易实务
案例：
但A公司很快就接到由议付行转来的拒付通知， 银行就以上述两个不符点作为拒付理由拒绝付 款。A公司立即与客户取得联系，原因是客户 认为到付的运费（USD2275.00）太贵（原来 A公司报给客户的是5月份的海运费，到付价 大约是USD1950.00，后6月份海运费价格上 涨，但客户并不知晓。）拒绝到付运费，因此 货物滞留在码头，A公司也无法收到货款。后 来A公司人员进行各方面的协调后，与船公司 联系要求降低海运费，船公司将运费降到 USD2100.00，客户才勉强接受，到银行付款 赎单，A公司被扣了不符点费用。整个解决纠 纷过程使得A公司推迟收汇大约20天。 中国海洋大学青岛学院
中国海洋大学青岛学院
国际贸易实务
13.1出口合同的履行
三、船（办理货运、报关和投保） 办理货运
根据货运公司提供服务的不同类型划分 : 出口企业 在办理货 物运输时 涉及到的 货运服务 机构 国际储运公司
国际货运代理公司
国际货运联盟
中国海洋大学青岛学院
国际贸易实务
13.1出口合同的履行
报关： 报关是指进出口货物出运前向海关申报的手 续。 我国的出口企业在办理报关时，可以自行办 理报关手续，也可以通过专业的报关行或国 际货运代理公司来办理。 无论是自行报关，还是由报关行来办理，都 必须填写出口货物报关单。
第十三章国际货物买卖合同的订立
《公约》中指出“对发盘表示接受但载有添加或不同条件的 答复，如所载添加或不同条件在实质上并不改变发盘的条件， 除非发盘人在不过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通知反对其 差异外，仍构成接受”。
案例：
我方A公司向美国旧金山B公司发盘某商品100公吨， 每公吨2 400美元 CIF旧金山，以不可撤销即期信用 证支付，收到信用证后2个月内交货，限三日内答复。 第二天收到B公司回电称“Accept your offer shipment immediately”(接受你方发盘，立即装运)， A公司未予答复。又过2天，B公司通过旧金山银行开 来即期信用证，注明“Shipment immediately”，当时 该货国际市场价格上涨20％，A公司以合同并未达成 为由拒绝交货，并立即将信用证退回，于是双方发生 争议。
( We thank you tor your 1nqmry of July 10th， asking US to make you a firm offer for black tea． We have sent a letter this morning， offering you 120 metric tons of black tea ,at USD 958 net per metric ton CFR Shanghai for shipment during November／December subject to your order reaching here by July 30th．)
(二)发盘
在国际贸易实务中，发盘(Offer)又称报盘、发 价、报价，法律上称为“要约”。
1．发盘的定义及条件 根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第14
条第一款：“向一个或一个以上特定的人提出 的订立合同的建议，如果十分确定并且表明发 盘人在被接受时承受约束的意志，即构成发盘。 一个建议如果写明货物并且明示或暗示地规定 数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格，即为 十分确定。”
国际贸易实务-练习题与答案Chapter 13
Chapter 13一．Chapter Summary1. Liner transport is the import transport of cargoes from one seaport to another along regular maritime routes according to a schedule. Liner rates usually include the stevedoring charges for loading and unloading.2. Liner transport freight covers basic freight and various kinds of surcharges. Basic freight may be collected according to weight, measurement, weight or measurement, ad, val., weight/measure or ad val. Surcharges include bunker adjustment factor, port surcharges, transshipment surcharges, heavy lift and long length additional, etc.3. Charter transport is a tramp service, picking up cargo only when it is chartered(hired)from the ship owner. There are two types of charter transport’ voyage charter and time charter.4. Under a voyage-charter party, the vessel remains under the control of the ship owner who is responsible for equipping and manning the vessel. Some terms used specially in voyage charter-party are: liner terms, FI(Free In), FO(Free Out), FIO(Free In and Out), lay days, dispatch money and demurrage.5. Time charter means the ship owner agrees to charter a vessel to the charter for a specified period of time.6. Rail transport is a major mode of transport in terms of capacity, only second to ocean transport. It is popular in multimodal transport and transshipment and widely used in landbridges.7. Air transport has the benefits of faster delivery, better security, less packaging and lower insurance, though it is generally perceived as expensive. There are three types of air transport services: schedule airline, chartered carriers, and consolidated consignments by freight forwarders.8.Intermodal transport involves the transport of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transport(rail, ship, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes.9. Containerization has the advantages of lowing charges, risks and improving efficiency. The modes of container services include CY/CY,CY/CFS,CFS/CY and FS/CFS. Container capacity is measuredin twenty-foot equivalent units(TEU, or sometimes teu). Most containers today are of the 40-ft(12.2m)variety and are known as 40-foot containers.10. The three functions performed by a bill of lading are: receipt for the goods, evidence of the contract of carriage and document of title to the goods. There are a number of different types of bill of lading including shipped (on board) B/L, received for shipment B/L, clean B/L and unclean B/L, straight B/L, blank B/L and order B/L, direct B/L, transshipment B/L, through B/L, liner B/L,charter-party B/L, container B/L, long form B/L, short form B/l, on deck, B/L, stale B/L, ante-datedB/L and advanced B/L.11. The three rules governing bill of lading are the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules, The Hague Rules were generally well received and have been adopted 58 maritime nations. There are some weakness of the Hague Rules. The Hague-Visby Rules 1968 made some important amendments to the Hague Rules. Hamburg Rules drafted in 1978 and came into force on November 1,1992, and several major amendments were made in the Rules.12. Sea waybill is receipt or the goods, an evidence of contract of carriage, but it is not a document of title. The functions of air waybill are the same as sea waybill. Multimodal transport documents evidence the contract of carriage of goods by at least two modes of transport.13. Shipment clause usually includes time of shipment, port(place) of shipment and destination, partialshipment and transshipment,etc. 二．Review QuestionsA. Brief define the concepts1. liner transport2. voyage charter3. charter-party4. lay days5. dispatch money6. demurrage7. time charter8. landbridge transport9. Intermodal transport(multimodal transport)10. Bill of lading11.shipped B/L12. Received for shipment B/L13. Clean B/L14.unclean B/L15.straight B/L16.blank B/L17.order B/L18.blank endoresment19.direct B/L20.transshipment B/L21.through B/L22. Liner B/L23.charterparty B/L24.container B/L25.long form B/L (or blank back B/L)27. On deck B/L28.stale B/L29.ante-dated B/L30,advanced B/L31.sea waybill32.Air waybillB.Questions and problems1.What are the functions performed by ocean Bs/L?2.In international trade ,why do the importer usually require the exporter to provide "clean on board B/L made out to order and blank endorsed"?3.What are the differences between a "through B/L"and a "multimodal transport document"?4.What is the virtue of containerization?C.Multiple-choice questions1.The most commonly used mode of transport in international trade is______a .air transport.b . road transport c.ocean transport d.railway transport2.If an item is marked with "M" in the tariff , the the liner rate for this item is collected on ____a. its unit. b .its weight c. its capacity d. its measurement3.FIO in the voyage charter-party means that the shipowner is ____a .only responsible for the charges of loadingB. Only responsible for the charges of unloadingC. Responsible for both the loading and unloading chargesD.responsible neither for the loading charges nor for the unloading charges.4.Liner terms in the voyage charge-party means that the shipowner is _____a .only responsible for of loading chargesB. Only responsible for unloading chargesC. Responsible for both the loading and unloading chargesD.responsible neither for the loading charges nor for the unloading charges.5. In voyage charter ,the shipowner is only responsible for loading under____a . FI b. FO c.FIO d. Liner terms6. Lay days are commonly expressed as ____a. Running daysb. Working daysc. Weather working daysd. Eight hour's working days7.Which of the following modes provides door-to-door container service or house-to-house container service?a.CY/CY container serviceb.CY/CFS container servicec.CFS/CY container serviced.CFS/CFS container service8.Container capacity is measured in ___A.FEU(Forty-foot Equivalent Units)b.TEU(Twenty-foot Equivalent Units)C.EEU(Eight-foot Equivalent Units)d.NEU(Nineteen-foot Equivalent Units)9.The document which can be transferred by endorsement is ____A.rail waybillB.Air waybillC.Sea waybillD.Order bill of lading10.Which of the following are NOT rules governing bill of lading?a.The Hague Rulesb.The Hague-Visby Rulesc.The Hamburg Rulesd.The New York Rules11. In the filed of consignee of a B/L ,"To order of ABC CO.Ltd"is marked . This B/L is____A.a straight B/LB.A blank B/LC. An order B/LD. A direct B/L12.Marine Bs/L perform a number of functions except____A. Evidence of the contract of carriageB. Receipt for the goods shippedC. Doucment of title to the goodsD. Non-negotiable document13.Which of the following terms on the B/L shows that the Bill of Lading is a clean B/L?A. One carton shortB. Insufficient packingC. In apparent good order and condituionD. Miss safety seal14.The issuance of ___is unlawfulA. Stale Bs/LB. On deck Bs/LC. Ante-date Bs/LD. Charter-party Bs/L15. The air freight forwarder assembles a number of individual shipments into one consignment and dispatched them on one air waybill .This type of air transport service is called____A. ConsolidationB. Scheduled airlineC. Chartered carrierD. Air express serviceD.True or false questions1.Ocean transport is a very fast mode of transport.2.FIO indicates that the shipowner is responsible for the costs of loading goods onto the vessel and unloading goods from the vessel.3.Time charter generally dose not include loading and unloading costs in the charter rate.4.In voyage charter ,the vessel is under the control of the charterer who is responsible for equipping and manning the vessel.5.A "B/L blank endorsed"refers to the B/L without any endorsement6.All bills of lading are transferable7.A bill of lading with a notation of "insufficient packing"is a foul bill of lading8.A short form bill of lading is usually not acceptable9.According to the GISG, in the absence of terms as to whether transshipment is allowed or not in the contract ,transshipment is to construed as allowed.10.Time charter means that the charterer hires the vessel for a period of time without crew11.Dispatch money and demurrage clause normally appear in the time charter-partyE.Calculationpany A exported 200 cartons of Goods X to Australia .The gross weight and measurement for each carton was 80kg and 100cm*4cm*25cm respectively.Suppose that the freight for the goods was calculated on W/M. The basic was US$80 per freight ton .Surcharges including 10% of port surcharges nd 15%of transshipment surcharges were also collected .How much should Company A pay for the freight?pany A exported 20 metric tons of Goods X to Japan . The goods were packed in cartons each containing 20 kilograms. The total gross weight of this batch of goods was 22060 kilograms and themeasurement of each carton was 42cm*28cm*25cm. The export price of the goods was US$570 per M/T CFR Kuwait. The freight was collected on W/M, the basic freight rate was US$70 ,and port surcharges were 20%.Calculate the FOB price for the exports.V. Answers to review questionsA. Briefly define the concepts1.liner transport:The transport of cargoes from one seaport to another regular maritime routes according to a schedule.2.Voyage charter :Transport vessel or vehicle charter for one or a specified number of trips(voyages)3.Charter-party:Written contract between the shipowner and the chartery days:Also called lay time .The number of days allowed by the ship owner to load or unload cargo without incurring demurrage or late charges5.Dispatch money: When so agreed in the charter-party ,this is paid by the shipowner to the charterer as a result of the vessel completing loading or discharging before the stipulated time6.Demurrage :Penalty paid by the charter to the shipowner for exceeding lay days in loading or unloading.7.Time charter :Transport vessel or vehicle charter for a fixed period instead of for a certain number of voyages or trips.ndbridge transport :Transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship.9.Intermodal transport (multimodal transport):Transport of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle ,using multiple modes of transport(rail,ship ,and truck),without any handing of the freightitself when changing modes10.Bill of landing (B/L):A transport document issued by an ocean carrier to a shipper with whom the carrier has entered into a contract for the carriage of goods.11.Shipped B/L:B/L issued by the shipping company after the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vessel12.Received for shipment B/L: A received for shipment B/L arises where the word "shipped"dose not appear on the bill of lading. It merely ackonwledges that the goods have been received by the carrier for shipment.13.Clean B/L：B/L that is free from any adverse remarks,made by the shipping company, about the condition ,packaging ,or quantity of the goods being shipped.14.Unclean B/L:B/L with adverse remarks or notations (called "clauses")by the carrier that the goods received for shipping (or their packaging )look wet, or otherwise in doubtful condition ,or not ofcorrect quantity.15.Straight B/L:B/L with designated consignee16.Blank B/L:Also called Open B/L or Bearer B/L ,means that there is no definite consignee of the goods17.Order B/L :B/L that the goods are consigned or destined to the order of a named person18.Blank endorsement: An open endorsement that carries only the signature of the endorser and dose not specify in whose favor it is made (who is the endorsee)19.Direct B/L: B/L that indicates the goods are shipped from the port of loading direct to the port of destination without involving transshipment.20.Transshipment B/L:B/L that indicates the goods need to be transshipped at an intermediate port21.Through B/L:B/L issued for containerized door-to door shipments that have to use different shipsand /or different means of transport(aircraft, railcars, ships ,trucks,etc.)from origin to destination .Unlike in case of a multimodal Bill Of Lading, the principal carrier or the freight-forwarder (whoissued the through B/L)is liable under a contract of carriage only for its own phase of the journey, and acts as an agent for the carriers executing the other phases.22.Liner B/L:B/L issued by a liner company for shipment on scheduled port calls through scheduled routes.23.Charter-party B/L:B/L issued by the carrier (or its agent)based on the charter-party.24.Container B/L:B/L issued when the goods are conveyed by container25.Long form B/L:B/L more detailed with the terms and conditions of carriage which are printed onthe back of the page26.Short from B/L(or blank back B/L):An abbreviated type of B/L27.On deck B/L：B/L containing the notation that the goods have been loaded on the deck of the vessel28.Stale B/L:B/L presented to the consignee or buyer or its bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentation or after the goods are due the port of destination29.Ante-dated B/L:B/L which is dated before the date on which it is issued30.Advanced B/L:B/L issued before the shipment hasn't yet been effected31.Sea waybill:A non-negotiable document that constitutes evidence of the contract of carriage and of the receipt of the goods by the carrier32.Air waybill :The consignment note used for the carriage of goods by airB.Questions and problems1. The B/L performed as a receipt for the goods, an evidence of contract of carriage and document of title to the goods.1) Receipt for goods: The bill of exchange acts as a receipt for the goods received. A bill oflading describes the goods put on board a vessel ,states the quantity ,and their condition2) Evidence of the contract of carriage: The B/L is an evidence of the contract of carriagebetween the shipper and the carrier .The bill becomes conclusive evidence of the terms of the contract of carriage once it is negotiated to a good faith third party.3) Document of title to the goods : The named consignee or the holder of a bill of loading ,provided he has receiver it in good faith through due negotiation , has a claim to title and ,by surrendering the bill ,to delivery of the goods2."Clean on board B/L made out to order and blank "endorsed" is a B/L issued when the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vessel and it is free from any adverse remarks.Moreover, it is a negotiable instrument and can be transferred by only carring the signature of the endorser. As such , the importer is ensured that goods had been shipped on board and were in apparent good order and condition when the shipment was effected and the B/L is easy to be transferred.3.Multimodal transport document could be regarded as an extension of the through bill of lading . The essential difference is that under a through bill of lading , the principal carrier concludes several separate contracts carriage for subsequent segments of the transport as agent for the shipper or as agent for the on-carriers . It doses not normally accept responsibility for segments undertaken by the other carriers involved. The multimodal transport document goes a step further . Under this contract of carriage,the multimodal transport operator or freight forwarder takes responsibility as pricipal for the entire carriage. The multimodal transport operator may in fact offer a complete service but often the principal carrier will subcontract with other carriers.It does this not as an agent of the shipper but as the principal party to the subcontracts. So far as the shipper is concerned it can rely on one contract ofcarriage withe the multimodal transport operator4.The virtue of containerization is that by simplifying and speeding up the cargo-handling process at each transfer point , it minimizes interruptions and restores as many efficiencies as possible.C.Multiple-choice questions1.c2.d3. d4.c5.b6.c7.a8.b9.d 10.d 11.c 12,d 13.c 14.c 15.aD.True of false questions1.F2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.T8.F9.F 10.F 11.FE.Calculation1. 1)Total weight:0.08M/T*200=16M/T2) Total volume:100/100*40/100*25/100*200=20cm^33)As the total volume was greater than the total weight, thus volume was the basis for collecting freight.4) Total freight=total weight *(basic freight rate +surcharges)2. 1)Total carton :20M/T*1000/20kg=1000cartons2) Total weight:22260kg/1000=22.26M/T3)Total volume :42cm/100*28cm/100*25cm/100*1000=29.4cm^34) As the total volume was greater than the total weight, thus volume was the basis for collecting freight.5) Total freight=total volume *(basic freight rate +surcharges)=29.4*(70+70*20%)=US$2469.66)Freight per M/T=US$2469.6/20=I=US$123.487)FOB price=CFR-F=570-123.48=US$446.52。
国际贸易实务试题13-17
国际贸易理论与实务（教材）习题答案第十三章国际货物运输保险单项选择题1、我出口稻谷一批，因保险事故被海水浸泡多时而丧失其原有用途，货到目的港后只能低价出售，这种损失属于（）。
A、单独损失B、共同损失C、实际全损D、推定全损2、CIC“特殊附加险”是指在特殊情况下，要求保险公司承保的险别，（）。
A、一般可以单独投保B、不能单独投保C、可单独投保两项以上D、在被保险人同意的情况下，可以单独投保3、一批出口货物投保了水渍险，在运输过程中由于雨淋致使货物遭受部分损失，这样的损失保险公司将（）。
A、负责赔偿整批货物B、负责赔偿被雨淋湿的部分C、不给予赔偿D、在被保险人同意的情况下，可以单独投保4、有一批出口服装，在海上运输途中，因船体触礁导致服装严重受浸，如果将这批服装漂洗后再运至原定目的港所花费的费用已超过服装的保险价格，这批服装应属于（）。
A、共同海损B、实际全损C、推定全损D、单独海损5、我方按CIF条件成交出口一批罐头食品，卖方投保时，按下列（）投保是正确的。
A、平安险+ 水渍险B、一切险+ 偷窃、提货不着险C、水渍险+ 偷窃、提货不着险D、平安险+ 一切险6、在海洋运输货物保险业务中，共同海损（）。
A、是部分损失的一种B、是全部损失的一种C、有时为部分损失，有时为全部损失D、是推定全损7、根据我国“海洋货物运输保险条款”规定，“一切险”包括（）。
A、平安险加11种一般险B、一切险加11种一般附加险C、水渍险加11种一般附加险D、11种一般附加险加特殊附加险8、预约保险以（）代替投保单，说明投保的一方已办理了投保手续。
A、提单B、国外的装运通知C、大副收据D、买卖合同9、按国际保险市场惯例，投保金额通常在CIF总值的基础上（）。
A、加一成B、加二成C、加三成D、加四成10、“仓至仓”条款是（）。
A、承运人负责运输起讫的条款B、保险人负责保险责任起讫的条款C、出口人负责交货责任起讫的条款D、进口人负责付款责任起讫的条款二、简答题1．什么情况下才构成共同海损？2．共同海损与单独海损的主要区别是什么？3．简述平安险、水渍险和一切险的责任范围。
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出口报验的时间和地点
属于法定检验范围的出口商品，发 货人应当于接到合同或信用证后备 货出口前，在商检机构规定的地点 和期限内向商检机构报验。属于法 定检验范围以外的出口商品，如果 对外经济贸易合同约定由商检机构 检验的，也应按上述要求办理。
属于在产地检验后需要在口岸换证
出口的商品，发货人应在商检机构
所规定的期限内向口岸商检机构报
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请查验换证。
盛装危险货物出口的包装容器以及属于 法定检验范围内的出口商品包装容器， 包装生产企业应在将包装容器交付有关 商品生产企业使用之前向商检机构申报 性能检验；在装货出口前，出口经营单 位应向商检机构申报使用鉴定。
对装运出口易腐烂变质的食品，冷冻品 的船舱，集装箱等运载工具，承运人， 装箱单位或代理人必须在装运前向商检 机构申请清洁、卫生、冷藏、密固等适 载检验。
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信用证审核
信用证审核的基本方法 1. 纵向审核法：以信用证或合同（在 非信用证付款条件下）为基础对规定 的各项单据进行一一审核，要求有关 单据的内容严格符合信用证的规定， 做到“单证相符”。 2. 横向审核法：在纵向审核的基础上， 以商业发票为中心审核其他规定的单 据，使有关的内容相互一致，做到 “单单相符”。
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修改信用证的注意事项
需要修改的内容应一次性通知开证申请 人，以节约对方改证费用。
信用证修改必须通过原信用证通知行才 是真实、有效的；通过客人直接寄送的 修改申请书或修改书复印件不是有效的 修改。
对于改证通知书的内容，如发现其中一 部分不能接受，则应把改证通知书退回， 待全部改妥后才能接受。“UCP600”规 定：对改证通知书部分接受无效。
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信用证审核的要点
检查信用证的通知方式是否安全、可靠 审核信用证的真实性 审核信用证的性质 审查信用证中商品、运输、保险、支付、检
验、索赔等条款 检查信用证的金额、币制是否符合合同规定 检查信用证中的装运期、有效期和交单期 检查能否在信用证规定的交单期内交单 检查信用证中有无矛盾之处 检查信用证中是否有“软条款”
第二节 落实信用证
落实信用证通常包括催证、审证 和改证三项内容。实际业务中， 这项工作一般在备货前进行。
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催开信用证
如果遇到以下情况，卖方应及时催证。 1. 合同内规定的装运期距合同签订的 日期较长，或合同规定买方应在装运 期前一定时间开出信用证。 2. 卖方提早将货备妥，可以提前装运， 可与买方商议提前交货。 3. 国外买方没有在合同规定期限内开 出信用证。 4. 买方信誉不佳，故意拖延开证，或 因资金等问题无力向开证行交纳押金。 5. 签约日期和履约日期相隔较远。
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报验人申请更改单证时，应填写更改申 请单，交附有关函电等证明单据，并退 还原证单，经审核同意后方可办理更改 手续。保证商检局有必要的检验出证时 间。商检局到现场工作的，报验人员需 提供辅助人力、工具和必要的工作条件。
报验人申请撤销报验时，应书面说明原 因，经批准后方可办理撤销手续。报验 后30天内未联系检验检疫事宜的，作自 动撤销报验处理。
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引言
国际货物买卖合同一旦成立，买卖双 方均应按合同规定履行自己的义务， 卖方的基本义务是交货、交单与转移 货物的所有权。买方的基本义务是接 货和付款。合同能否完整地履行，实 现预期的经济目的，取决于买卖双方。 以不同交易条件订立的合同，履行合 同的程序也各不相同。目前，我国出 口合同大多数以CIF和CFR价格条件 成交，以信用证方式结算货款。本章 主要介绍这类典型合同的履行程序。
第十三章 出口合同的履行
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教学目标
通过本章的学习，学生应掌握 出口合同履行过程中各环节的 基本知识，了解报关、报验以 及外汇核销与退税的有关规定； 掌握备货，开证、审证与改证， 租船订舱、报检、投保与装运， 以及制单结汇等方面的要求与 操作。
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案例导入
2019年12月，大连市某进出口公司与 美国洛杉矶的某台资企业以CIF价签 订了一份出口水镁石的合同。货款的 75%以及其信用证方式支付，其余货 到付款。事后台商以货物掺有石头为 由，拒付信用证之外的货款，并提出 巨额索赔金额。我进出口公司沉着应 对，取得了第一手事实资料，并利用 台商佣金逃税的嫌疑，变被动为主动， 最终收回了货款，减少了理赔损失。
受益人审证时，如发现一些条款虽与合 同或惯例不符，但经过努力可以办到的， 一般可以不改，以示合作，并减少周折。
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第三节 出口报验
出口报验是指出口生产、经营单位 按照《商检法》规定，向当地出入 境检验检疫局申请办理检验手续。 一般在收到国外来证后，经审核无 误，且货物已经备妥，即可在租船 订舱的同时，向商检部门报验，实 施“先报验，后报关”的通关模式。
经商检机构检验合格的出口商品或其运 载工具，逾期报运出口的，发货人或承 运人必须向商检机构报验。
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出口报验的注意事项
报验人在报验时应填写规定格式报 检申请单，提供与出入境检验检疫 有关的单证资料、按规定交纳检验 检疫费用。
商检局签发的证书为全国统一格式 的检验证书，经商检局同意，也可 接受国外提出的其他格式或其他种 类的证书要求，但报验人必须事先 在申请单中注明。
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信用证软条款
“软条款”常见的表现形式有： 1. 难以实施的条款 2. 无法操作的条款 3. 高风险条款 4. 将额外增加费用的条款 5. “陷阱条款”
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修改信用证
信用证的修改程序 1.受益人（出口方）审证后要求 开证申请人（进口方）改证。 2.开证申请人向开证行提出改证 申请。 3.开证行根据进出口双方的请求 修改信用证。
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第一节 备货
备货是卖方的基本义务 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 以及中国《合同法》中的相关规定 备货工作的具体内容和有关事项 （一）按合同规定的时间交货 （二）货物包装应与合同和法律的要求
一致 （三）货物的品质必须符合合同的规定
和法律的要求 （四）交货数量应符合合同的规定
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