长难句解析
2024年英语四级真题长难句解析
9、Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2008年12月)
本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语，修饰those。
这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。
5、We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.
本句为复合句。主句为We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。
10、“Retailers who’re ponsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)
英语六级阅读的真题长难句解析
英语六级阅读的真题长难句解析
1. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.
【译文】尽管大局部单独生活的.人是靠养老金生活的老年人，尤其是老年女性，但是最新消失的这群单身主义者却正值三十岁到四十岁的壮年。
这些人收入丰厚，渐渐把单身看作是一种生活方式的选择。
【析句】复合句。
主句the newest crop of singles are high earners..., who increasingly view living alone as...是定语从句修饰主句，而主句前while引导让步状语从句，具有转折语气。
2. Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
【译文】一位美国女科学家向新西兰州政府证明，一种基因改造细菌假如泄露到试验室外，可能会导致严峻破坏，随后生物科技产业的支持者对她的这种行为表示了剧烈责备。
阅读理解长难句解析
阅读理解长难句解析一、定语从句1.P3 Y et members of the nation’s present educational and cultural elite still cling to thenotion that the United States belongs to some vaguely defined entity they refer to as “Western civilization,” by which they mean, presumably, a civilization created by people of Europe, as if Europe can even be viewed as completely uninfluenced by the rest of the world.2.P6 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there aremany stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appreciate responses will experience greater intellectual development.3.P9 In the “soap war” between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is madeof statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.4.P10 Thus, to rectify the positions taken previously, where we contented ourselves withcondemnations, in my delegation’s opinion, we must find an overall solution which would come to grips with both the substance as well as the superficial aspects which, after all, serve only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council’s agenda.5.P11 We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical changein matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.6.P13 The revolution soon spread to Western Europe and the United States which, duemainly to the development of her northeastern iron industry, became the world’s leading industrial nation by the late 1800s.7.P13 The man who has not learned anything about how to understand his own intentionsand to make them effective, who has not learned something about what is possible and what impossible through experiences and books, will be enslaved by the political and social intentions of other men.8.P16 Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiologicalmechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes.9.P19 While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State’s territory, since ininternational law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area (internal waters) where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas (the territorial sea and other zones) where other States do enjoy certain general rights.10.P19 He finds that students who were easy to teach, because they succeeded in puttingeverything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.11.P 20 But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as apinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.12.P53 At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine howsleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers.二、分割结构1. P54 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.2. P54 Such an outcome, if it happens, could cause a political controversy; or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances, namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.3. P 55 That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led by Britain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multisystem entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.4. P55 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.5.P58 Y ou have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense , manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.6. P63 The main burden of assuring that the resources of the federal government are well managed falls on relatively few of the five million men and women whom it employs.7. P65 It means that the United States, as compared with that position we found ourselves in immediately after World War II, had a challenge such as we did not even dream of.8. P70 Every particle has acting on it a force which urges it downward.13.P70 A new trend in radio broadcasting that developed during the late 1960s was the “talkshow”, featuring conversations between listeners and announcers or guests in the studio. 14.P72 They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individuallives.15.P74 And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, otherthings consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain. 16.P75 He had no thought of the time to come when his muscles would not be so mighty, norhis health so superb, and when he would not be able to work harder.三、否定句1.P171 But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor was he able to define the exact social patterns of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.2.P172 Descriptive linguists cannot explain how a sentence is transformed – or, in other words, indicate such relationships as that between active and passive voice.3.P173 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life – growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one –as a personal recognition of your limitations.4.P175 Who knows but it will rain tomorrow?5.P176 I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude, what country, what nation or what river. I neither saw, nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.6.P176 He had never touched anything in the library other than American novels.7.P177 Don’t tell him more than you can help.8.P177 Rather than condemnation there was some kindness in the man’s voice.9.P178 Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.10.P179 They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law.11.P181 He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.12.P182. One can’t be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.13.P;183 Y ou cannot be careful enough. Y ou cannot take enough care.14.P184 There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents… No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children.15.P185 A book may be compared to your neighbor, if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.四、省略句1.P80 If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle, how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?2.P81 Neither do we know how the universe begin, nor how it will end – if, indeed, it ends at all.3. Son and father, together, had saved the day – he by holding out for something he enjoyed and I by having the sense, finally, to realize that he was right, and to let go of my dream of how things should be.4.P85 The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.5.P85 The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some one poor ones.6.P86 To Americans, being on one’s own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.7.P87 For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever.8.P88 Airline pilots, in fact, whose experience is so obviously relevant that it ought to serve as a guide, often live by their own watches, ignoring local tim e, and have breakfast at midnight if necessary.9.P91 The question “what are the roads like?”may when asked at one time, refer to the condition of the surface, at another, to their narrowness, at another to the traffic upon them, and at still another to the presence or otherwise of ice or snow.10.P92 The largest known raindrops are slightly less than a quarter inch across or would be if they were perfectly round.11.P92 Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.12.P93 In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it – if possible during their husband’s life, but, at any rate, after his death.13.P95 I could accept this fact with calmness because I know that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have, either.14.P98 By taking thought, men can move mountains – and have.五、分词作状语1.P150 Americans have always been deeply ambivalent, revering the nation’s immigrationroots and enjoying cheap immigrant labor, but resenting the newcomers who flood their cities,drain their service and dilute their culture.2.P152 The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently, however, with attacksmainly confined to tourists visiting the south of the country.3.P153 Blake, now 73 and living in relative poverty in a flat in Moscow, was responsible forthe deaths of several British agents after he became a Russian spy, following his capture by North Koreans and conversion to communism.4.P154 There are many other exchange expressions, but those who are not well versed inexchange terminology would do well to confine themselves to the use of expressions “favorable”and “unfavorable”when describing movements in exchange from the point of view of their countries, or to the use of “appreciate”and “depreciate”when describing a movement in the value of any particular currency.5.P155 The fuel is easy enough to produce: hydrogen can be extracted from water, usingelectricity, or cooled out of natural gas and even municipal waste, using heat.6.P156 Put your palms together in front of you, your elbows pointing out the sides, yourfingertips pointing upward, and push so that you feel pressure in the heels of your palms and under your arms.7.P158 Therefore, both jogging and dieting, carried to extremes, can be hazardous.8.P159 Since the 1950s scores of major urban newspapers have ceased operation, leavingmost large U.S. cities with no more than one morning and one afternoon newspaper.9.P159 Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels, tryingto anticipate every possible accident.10.P161 Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirelyautomatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.11.P162 The net result is a continuous flow of gas, starting as hot gases in intergalactic spaceand ending as a drizzle of cool gas called a “cooling flow”, falling into the central galaxy. 12.P165 Further, many universities have become enslaved to their own bureaucratic process,often placing first-year students in classes beyond their actual level of competence, based on placement exams that do not accurately measure true ability.13.P166 Finally he had saved $ 50, which some Henning people living in Chicago, who wereback home visiting, had assured him was enough to see him eat and sleep long enough to find himself a job that would put him on his feet.。
托福长难句120句解析
托福长难句120句解析一、句子解析1. The professor's lecture was so convoluted that it was difficult for the students to follow.解析：这个句子中，convoluted意为“复杂的”，表示教授的讲座内容非常复杂，以至于学生很难理解和跟随。
2. Despite her extensive preparation, she struggled with the difficult questions on the exam.解析：这个句子中，despite意为“尽管”，表示尽管她做了大量的准备工作，但仍然在考试中遇到了困难的问题。
3. The author uses a series of rhetorical questions to engage the reader and provoke thought.解析：这个句子中，rhetorical questions意为“修辞性问题”，表示作者使用了一系列的修辞性问题来吸引读者并引发思考。
4. The government's decision to increase taxes was met with widespread opposition from the public.解析：这个句子中，met with意为“遭遇”，表示政府增税的决定受到了公众的广泛反对。
5. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.解析：这个句子中，has the potential to意为“有潜力”，表示新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。
6. The company's profits have plummeted as a result of the economic downturn.解析：这个句子中，plummeted意为“暴跌”，表示由于经济衰退，公司的利润暴跌。
大学英语阅读理解长难句解析
大学英语阅读理解长难句解析
长难句在大学英语阅读理解中是一个普遍存在的现象。
在阅读理解的过程中，要理解长难句是必不可少的，因为长难句的结构往往复杂，需要仔细分析和研究。
而理解长难句也需要一些技巧和方法，以下是一些简单有效的技巧和方法：
1. 找出主干
长难句通常包含多个从句和各种修饰语，如果没有找出主干，就难以理清其结构。
所以，找出主干是理解长难句的第一步。
主干是句子中最重要的成分，也是句子的中心思想所在。
2. 利用标点符号
标点符号在长难句中起到了很重要的作用，可以帮助我们理解句子的结构。
比如，逗号可以分割句子成分，引号可以标识出语言或引用的内容。
3. 寻找关键词
长难句通常有很多修饰语和从句，这些语句中的关键词是理解句子结构的关键。
找到关键词可以帮助我们更好地理解整个句子。
4. 确定从句
长难句中常常包含从句，而从句又可以是定语从句、状语从句或者名词性从句。
确定从句是理解长难句的关键。
从句与主句的关系对于整个句子的理解至关重要。
总之，在大学英语阅读理解中，理解长难句是必不可少的。
我们需要采用一些方法和技巧，如找出主干、利用标点符号、寻找关键词和确定从句等，才能更好地理解长难句，并在阅读中获取更多的信息。
语言中的长难句解析
语言中的长难句解析语言是人类交流的重要工具，其中长难句作为语法的一部分，常常给人造成困扰。
本文旨在解析语言中常见的长难句结构，为读者提供理解的窍门和应对策略。
通过对长难句的分析和解读，我们可以更好地理解语言的表达方式，并提升我们自己的写作和阅读能力。
一、长难句的定义和特点长难句，顾名思义，就是句子结构复杂、句子长度较长的句子。
它通常由多个从句或短语构成，包含大量的修饰成分和连接词。
长难句的使用可以使句子表达更加细致和复杂，但也给读者造成理解上的困扰。
长难句的特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 句子的词数较多，常常超过20个单词。
2. 句子结构复杂，包含多个并列或从属关系的从句。
3. 句子中存在大量的修饰成分，如定语从句和状语从句。
4. 句子中使用了大量的连接词和连接词组，如连词、关联词等。
二、常见的长难句结构及解析1. 定语从句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，常常用于限定或具体描述名词的作用。
定语从句一般由关系代词（如who, which, that等）引导。
例句：I have a friend who lives in New York.这个句子中的定语从句"who lives in New York"修饰了friend，用来具体描述这个朋友及其居住地。
2. 状语从句状语从句是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句，用来表达时间、原因、条件、目的、方式等。
例句：Although it was raining heavily, we still went for a walk.这个句子中的状语从句"Although it was raining heavily"表示时间条件，用来解释为什么我们仍然决定去散步。
3. 并列句并列句是由连词（如and, but, or等）连接的两个或多个句子，用来表达并列关系或对比关系。
例句：She is funny, but she is also very serious.这个句子中的并列句"but she is also very serious"表示对比关系，用来形容她既幽默又认真的两个方面。
高考英语长难句解析知识点
高考英语长难句解析知识点高考英语中，长难句是考生们最常遇到的问题之一。
理解和分析长难句不仅能帮助考生在阅读理解中把握句意，还能提高考生在写作和翻译中的表达能力。
本文将从定义、特征、解析方法和练习等方面介绍高考英语中长难句的相关知识点。
一、定义长难句指的是结构复杂，修饰成分繁多，整体长度较长的句子。
它通常由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，通过连接词或引导词来构建一个完整的句子。
二、特征1. 结构复杂：长难句的结构通常比较复杂，修饰成分较多，包含多个主谓宾短结构或包含多个从句。
2. 信息密集：长难句往往包含大量的信息，需要仔细分析才能理解其中的逻辑关系和修辞手法。
3. 句式多变：长难句可以采用多种句式，如倒装句、强调句、条件状语从句等，考生需对这些句式进行辨析和理解。
三、解析方法在解析长难句时，可以采用以下方法：1. 分割长句：将长难句按照不同的句子成分进行拆分和分割，逐个解释每个部分的含义，再整合起来理解整个句子的意思。
2. 确定主句和从句：通过分析句子结构和关键词，确定主句和从句的关系，从而更好地理解句子的逻辑关系。
3. 分析句子成分：注意分析和理解句子中的修饰成分和定语从句，加强对从句的理解，从而把握整个句子的意思。
4. 理清逻辑关系：注意分析句子中的因果关系、转折关系、并列关系等逻辑关系，从而更好地理解句子的意思。
5. 注意句法成分：分析句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等句法成分的作用和关系，有助于理解句子的语法结构。
四、练习为了提高长难句的理解和分析能力，考生可以进行一些练习：1. 阅读理解：选择一些较难的阅读理解题目，从中提取并分析出长难句，找出其主句和从句之间的关系。
2. 句子改写：将一些简单句子改写成长难句，考察句子结构的灵活运用和对从句的掌握。
3. 句子分析：选择一些经典的长难句进行分析，找出其中的主句、从句和句子成分，并理清逻辑关系。
总结：掌握长难句解析的知识点对于高考英语的考生来说至关重要。
长难句解析
【长难句解析001】先来看句子：①One of them is known as the law of supply and demand, which says that the value of goods and services is determined by the quantity available compared with the number of possible buyers.【译文】它们其中之一被认为是供求定律。
根据定律，商品和服务的价值由与潜在购买者数量比较起来的可利用的总量而决定。
【分析】(1) 该句的主干结构很简单，连词which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰law。
句子主要难点在于形容词available的作用。
(2) 首先，英语中有不少形容词作修饰语时，既可以置于名词之前也可以置于名词之后，而意思不变，如以-able或-ible结尾的形容词，常见的有：available，eligible，desirable, imaginable，responsible等，当然也有其他没有-able或-ible词缀的形容词：opposite, enough, positive, past, following, preceding, required等。
(3) 应该注意，以-able或-ible结尾的形容词，当其所修饰的名词前面若有only, every, all或形容词最高级修饰时，多后置，而且具有强调意义。
如：②Put into the simplestlanguage possible, criticism is the art of discovering and of stating what is good and what is bad in a book.(4) 其次，有时形容词随着位置不同而意义不同。
一般来说，前置形容词表示相对持久的状态，例如：the visible stars（永远看得见的星星）而the stars visible （在某一特定时间内可以看见的星星）。
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长难句解析高考英语阅读文章中往往会有一些长难句，这些长难句常常是考题所要考查的对象，也是考生理解文章的一大障碍。
针对长难句，要学会利用语法知识中的句法知识来理解，先判断句子的主干部分，而对于句子的修饰、补充成分，可以先忽略不看。
在理解了句子的主干意思后，再来理解修饰、补充成分。
同时，句子中的标点符号也是一个很重要的判断依据，要充分利用标点符合，帮助我们判断句子的主干和修饰成分。
根据长难句的结构，我们可以把长难句分为：环环相扣式、并列式、插入语式和改变语序式。
一、环环相扣式这类句子往往有多重句子修饰成分，这些修饰成分往往用非谓语动词或从句充当。
在阅读过程中，对于这类句式应当先找到句子的主干，然后再看修饰成分。
例1： A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food supply，of which but twenty carry the load.Wilson suggests changing thissituation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of，which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.(2008全国卷一E篇)译文：只有约100种物种为我们提供食物基础，其中只有20种承担着供应人类食物的重担。
Wilson建议通过调查研究一万种可以被利用的物种来改变这种现状，这样做可以减少人类为了增加耕种面积而开垦动植物的自然家园的做法。
解析：第二句是一个含有多层结构的句子。
第一层结构：Wilson suggests changing ...by looking ...。
第2个which引导的非限定性定语从句是第二层结构代替changing e of。
另外，that could be made use of 也是句子的第一层，作定语，修饰species。
第三层结构是不定式to reduce ...，它作定语修饰a way。
第四层结构是不定式to enlarge ...，它作目的状语，修饰clearing。
根据该句，文后第74题：Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to _____.答案选D(use more species for food)。
例2：This process is also found amongscholars and authors：a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.(2008天津D篇)译文：在学者和作者中，我们也常常会发现这个过程：一个作者陈述的观点有可能会被另外一位作者重述，然后他的重述或许又会被另一个作者引用。
这个过程会继续下去，除非有人质疑原作者的观点所根据的事实或者是对原作者对这些事实的解释提出异议。
解析：根据标点符号，我们可以确定该句主干是第一句话，即冒号前面的部分。
冒号后面的部分是对主句的进一步解释。
在该解释中，用分号分隔开两个独立的句子。
第一个句子中又用了一个who引导的非限定性定语从句。
第二个句子中用了一个unless引导的条件状语从句。
条件状语从句中it是形式主语，to question ...or to challenge ...是真正的主语。
它们的宾语分别又有一个定语从句来修饰，即：the facts on which ...，the interpretation (that) he placed ...。
可见，该句是环环相扣，一层套一层。
理解了该句，考生才能回答文后第51题：What can we infer from the passage? 答案是B(Passive learning may not be reliable.)。
二、并列式有时候，一个句子会包含多个并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语等，这些并列结构往往有连词连接。
在解读这类句式时，要注意利用连词和标点符号来判断并列部分。
例1：The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to be a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies，and you are not damaging the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods.(2008天津B篇)译文：对于它们我最喜欢的是你的钱拿去办好事的，而不是进了营利公司的口袋，你不是在破坏这个地球，而是在为那些人们不需要的商品找到一个新的去处。
解析：该句表语从句部分用了两个并列的句子：第一个that your money ...，第二个句子是you are not ...but finding ...。
理解了该句，可以正确解答第40题：The author loves the charity shop mainly because of______.答案选C(its spirit of good will)。
例2：The real attractions of the Hollowell farm to me were its position，being about two miles from the village，half a mile from the nearest neighbor，bounded(相邻) on one side by the river，and separated from the highway by a wide field.(2008四川卷E篇)译文：霍洛韦尔农场真正吸引我的地方是它的位置，它离村子大约两英里，离最近的邻居半英里，一边临小河，另一边又有一大块宽阔的田野把它与公路隔开。
解析：该句主干是“主语+ 系表结构”，从being到句末是position的同位语。
理解了该句的主干，便可以回答第52题：Why did the author decide to buy the Hollowell place? 该题答案选C(It was in a good position.)。
三、插入语式有些句子在中间会用逗号或破折号分开，而处于逗号或破折号之间的内容通常被称为插入语。
阅读时，要先将插入语部分跳过，先读主句，然后再读插入语部分。
例1：The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008辽宁卷C篇)译文：在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人来评判自己。
解析：该句中破折号中间部分可以先略过不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：The lack ...means that ...。
that 从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词whom或that的定语从句，即they have to judge themselves against，它修饰先行词the only people。
通过理解这一句话，考生可以确定第65题：What seems to have a bad effect onstudents like Tom? 该题应该选A( Peer groups.)。
例2：Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.(2008天津C篇) 译文：她的研究，被认为是第一个测试压力理论的研究，是来自于一次对于初生黑鳍鲨的观察。
在2001年，在一次强风暴来临之前，这些黑鳍鲨被观察到从弗罗里达海岸游到较深的水域。
解析：该句中破折号中间部分可以先略过不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：Her work ...resulted from the observation ...。
然后再理解细节部分：thought ...是补充说明的成分，作非限定性定语，修饰主语her work。
that 从句是说明observation具体内容，是同位语从句。
四、改变语序式有时候，有些句子会使用改变语序的手段，主要以强调结构和倒装来使句子复杂化。
正确掌握强调句型和倒装语法是理解这类句型的关键。
例：It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help，but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.__(2008四川A篇)译文：到那时候，我才意识到我并非真的来帮助他人，而是来了解和体验另一种文化，这种文化有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。
解析：该句主干用了强调句型it was then that I realized ...，强调时间then。
原句顺序应该是：I realized ...then。