整理后的经贸知识英语复习
外贸实务英语期末备考总结

外贸实务英语期末备考总结Firstly, I have learned about the process of exporting and importing goods. Exporting is the act of selling goods or services produced in one country to another country. Importing, on the other hand, is the act of buying goods or services from another country. The process of exporting and importing involves various steps, including market research, product selection, international contract negotiation, customs clearance, and transportation logistics. Throughout the semester, we have studied each of these steps in detail, which has provided me with a comprehensive understanding of how goods are traded internationally.Next, I have gained knowledge about international trade policies and regulations. International trade is governed by a complex set of laws and regulations at both the national and international levels. These regulations aim to promote fair trade practices, protect domestic industries, and ensure the safety and quality of traded goods. Some of the key regulations that we have studied include import and export licensing, customs duties, trade barriers, and trade agreements. Understanding these regulations is crucial for businesses to comply with the law and minimize trade risks.Moreover, I have learned about the various strategies used by businesses to expand their overseas markets. One such strategy is market entry modes, which refers to the ways in which companies enter foreign markets. There are several market entry modes, including exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, and foreign direct investment. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and businesses need to carefully evaluate their options based on factors such as market characteristics, financial resources, and risk tolerance. Additionally, we have also learned about marketing strategies for international markets, including market segmentation, positioning, branding, and distribution. These strategies help businesses adapt to the unique characteristics of foreign markets and achieve competitive advantage.Throughout the semester, I have also gained practical skills in foreign trade practice. We have participated in various simulation exercises and case studies, where we have had the opportunity to apply our knowledge to real-world trade scenarios. These practical exercises have improved my problem-solving abilities, analytical skills, and decision-making capabilities. Additionally, I have also learned valuable communication skills, as foreign trade practice often involves negotiating with international partners, resolving conflicts, and building strong business relationships.In conclusion, the study of foreign trade practice has provided me with a comprehensive understanding of the processes, regulations, and strategies involved in international trade. I have gained knowledge about the process of exporting and importing goods, international trade policies and regulations, and the strategies used by businesses to expand their overseas markets. I have also developed practical skills in problem-solving, analytical thinking, and communication. Overall, I believe that the knowledge and skills I have gained in this subject will be valuable in my future career in international trade.。
国际贸易专业英语整理

国际贸易专业英语整理第一篇:国际贸易专业英语整理可能出翻译(1)FOB: Free on Board(…named port of shipment)装运港船上交货(……指定装运港)“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail at thenamed port of shipment.(2)CFR: Cost and Freight(…named port of destination)成本加运费(……指定目的港)“Cost and Freight” means that the seller is responsible for chartering a liner and loading the goods on the liner at the stipulated time in the contract.(3)CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight(…named port of destination)成本、保险加运费(……指定目的港)“Cost Insurance and Freight” means that the seller has the obligations to procure marine insurance against the risks of losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.1.The theory ofcomparative advantageAlthough Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories about trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not possess absolute advantage in any product, could it(or would it)trade ?尽管斯密的著作在贸易和生产相关的经济理论上有指导意义,但他没有回答类似于一个国家若没有绝对优势能否贸易这样的问题。
经贸英语阅读完整复习资料.doc

U11、信用紧缩的后果之一就是贫富差距进一步扩大。
As a consequence,,the credit crunch widened the disparity between the wealthy and the rest 3、次债危机过后,很多人已难以获得按揭贷款。
After subprime meltdown,getting a mortgage has been put out of the reach of many people.U23、金融吃紧,很可能会波及欧元区的经济弱国,进而对意大利形成潜在威胁。
The financial strains could become systemic across the weaker members of the eurozone ,and infecting potentially even Italy.4、商业银行包销了日本政府为减缓地震恐慌而发行的国债。
The commercial banks underwrote all the bonds issued by Japanese government against the earthquake. Panic.U32、这家设计公司把所有的计算技术工作都报给别家公司去做。
The projecting firm outsources all its computing work.3、供过于求,造成产品大量积压。
Production has outpaced demand,and a lot of products have been lying in the stock.U41、今年全国产出上涨远远高于趋势增长率。
National output has risen well above its trend trend rate this year.4、许多企业正试图利用繁荣的股市来募集扩张资金。
国际贸易实务复习重点中英文全套

国际贸易实务复习重点中英⽂全套08级国贸资料整理Chapter 1 General introductionLearning objectives:Define international tradeExplain the reasons for international tradeIdentify the benefits of international tradeExplain the major categories of international tradeTell the differences between domestic trade and international tradeDefinition of international tradeInternational trade refers to the exchange of goods and service between nations. Reasons for international trade1) Resource reasons:a. Uneven distribution of natural resources;b. Development of human and technologicalresources2) Economic reasons:i.e. economic benefits3) Other reasons:A. Political objectivesB. Diversification of the productC. Consumers’requirementsBenefits of international tradeEconomic growthCheaper goods or servicesGreater varietyDifferences between international trade and domestic tradeDifferent language and cultureDifferent currencyDifferent legal system and policiesDifferent risk levelsDifferent difficulties and managementClassification of international tradeExport tradeImport tradeTransit tradeDirect tradeIndirect tradeEntrepot tradeVisible tradeInvisible tradeBarter tradeFree-liquidation tradeChapter 2 International Trade TermsThink about it:●按FOB条件达成的合同,凡需租船运输的⼤宗货物,应在合同中具体证明()A. 装船费⽤由谁负担B. 卸货费⽤由谁负担C. 保险费⽤由谁负担●当我在进⼝合同中使⽤FOBST条件或在出⼝合同中使⽤CIF ex ship’s hold条件时,在使⽤班轮运输船的情况下,我是否有权向对⽅收回装货费或卸货费?为什么?●我某出⼝公司按CIF条件向德国某进⼝商出⼝⼀批草帽,向中国⼈民保险公司投保了⼀切险,并规定⽤信⽤证⽅式⽀付。
《经贸知识英语》复习小结

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国际贸易英语知识点总结

国际贸易英语知识点总结一、国际贸易术语(Incoterms)1. FOB (Free on Board)- 含义:卖方在指定的装运港将货物装上买方指定的船只后,卖方即完成交货义务。
风险在货物越过船舷时转移给买方。
- 示例:We offer the goods FOB Shanghai.(我们提供上海港船上交货价的货物。
)- 相关费用:卖方负责将货物运至装运港船上之前的一切费用,包括国内运输、装卸等费用;买方负责从装运港到目的港的运费、保险费等。
2. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)- 含义:卖方负责支付货物成本、保险费和运费,将货物运至指定目的港。
- 示例:The price is quoted CIF New York.(价格报的是纽约港到岸价。
)- 相关费用:卖方承担货物到达目的港之前的成本、保险费和运费;买方负责卸货后的费用,如进口关税等。
风险在货物越过装运港船舷时转移给买方。
3. CFR (Cost and Freight)- 含义:卖方负责货物成本和运费,将货物运至指定目的港。
与CIF相比,不包含保险费。
- 示例:We can supply the goods CFR London.(我们可以供应伦敦港成本加运费价的货物。
)- 相关费用:卖方承担货物运至目的港的成本和运费,买方负责保险费及卸货后的费用。
风险在货物越过装运港船舷时转移给买方。
二、商务信函写作。
1. 信头(Letterhead)- 包含公司名称、地址、联系方式(电话、传真、电子邮箱等)。
- 例如:ABC Company.123 Main Street, New York, NY 10001.Tel: +1 - 212 - 1234567.Fax: +1 - 212 - 1234568.Email:*******************.2. 称呼(Salutation)- 如果知道对方姓名,用“Dear Mr./Ms. + 姓氏”,如“Dear Mr. Smith”;如果不知道具体姓名,可用“Dear Sir/Madam”或者“To Whom It May Concern”。
外贸口语知识点总结英文

外贸口语知识点总结英文一、询盘1. Hi, I’m writing to inquire about your products.2. Could you please send me more information about your goods?3. I’m interested in your (product name). Can you provide more details?4. Can you give me a quotation for (product name)?5. What’s your best price for (product name)?6. Do you have a catalog or price list for your products?二、报盘1. Thank you for your inquiry. We are pleased to offer you the following quotation.2. Please find attached our price list/catalog for your reference.3. The price we quoted is based on (terms of payment, delivery, etc.).4. We can also offer you a discount if you place a large order.5. The quoted price is valid for (time period).6. We can offer you a sample for testing.三、订单确认1. We are satisfied with your quotation and would like to place an order.2. Please send us a proforma invoice for the order.3. We will pay by (terms of payment).4. Could you give us an estimated delivery time?5. We look forward to doing business with you.四、支付方式1. We can accept payment by T/T, L/C, Western Union, etc.2. We require a 30% deposit before production and the balance before shipment.3. The payment terms are negotiable based on the order amount.4. The payment should be made in US dollars or Euros.五、货物提运1. We have arranged the shipment of your order.2. The goods will be delivered to your designated port.3. The tracking number will be provided once the goods are shipped.4. Please confirm the receipt of the goods when they arrive.六、质量检验1. We have received the goods and they are in good condition.2. We are satisfied with the quality of the products.3. There are some defects in the goods. We request a replacement.4. We will conduct a quality inspection upon receipt of the goods.七、投诉处理1. We are unsatisfied with the quality of the products received.2. We request a refund for the defective goods.3. We hope you can rectify the problem and improve the quality of your products.4. We expect better service in the future to avoid similar issues.八、市场营销1. We would like to introduce our new product line to you.2. We are offering a special promotion for our products this month.3. We are interested in becoming your distributor in our region.4. We would like to explore opportunities for collaboration with your company. 以上是一些常见的外贸口语知识点,希望对您有所帮助。
外刊经贸知识选读

One1.pattern (n.)式样,样品,方式,方针1)These patterns are quite popular in the international market.这些产品的款式是目前国际市场上比较流行的。
2)A complete range of patterns was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.全套样品已于昨天以航空特快寄给贵方。
3)Each trade in each country has its own patterns of sales channels.任何国家的任何交易都有它自己的销售渠道方式。
4)There patterns of trade are changing.这些贸易方针正在变化。
2.contract (n.)合同,合约1)Contracts have been signed but work hasn’t begun yet.合同已经签订,但工程还没开始。
2)We will have the contract ready for signature.我们将备好合约待签。
(v.)缩小,收缩1)The volume of foreign trade contracted sharply during past two years.过去两年间,对外贸易额大幅下降。
2)Matals contract as they become cool.金属冷却则收缩。
3.account (n.)账目,账户,账单,会计科目1)The account will be used for payment under letters of credit,collection orders and remittances. 本账户用于信用证,托收和汇款的结算。
2)The account sales of your parcel shall be forwarded in my next letter.贵公司寄售商品的销售账单,我们将于下次函寄。
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Module 1I. Choose the best answer:1. She B for an advertising agency.A. workB. worksC. workingD. worked2. I ___C______all the computer systems in the office.A. checkingB. checksC. checkedD. check3. The managers ___D_____a lot of time in meetings.A. spendingB. spentC. spendsD. spend4. I ___C_____work before six o’clock most days.A. did n’t leaveB. not leaveC. don’t leaveD. doesn’t leave5. The department ____B____a full-time secretary.A. not haveB. doesn’t ha veC. didn’t haveD. don’t have6._____ A __weekends?A. Do you workB. Did you workC. Does you workD. Are you work7. We B receive telephone calls.A. neverB. rarelyC. sometimesD. still8.The bonuses are D late.A. rarelyB. sometimesC. oftenD. always9. She’s a good B .She did a great session on team-building last week.A .train B. trainer C. training D. trained10. A health and safety C is coming to see the factory tomorrow.A. operateB. operatingC. operatorD. operatedII. Translate the followings into Chinese:1. I’m responsible for checking company’s accounts.1.我负责检查财务报告2. My job also involves giving financial advice.2.我的工作还包括提供财务咨询。
3. I deal with questions people have about their accounts.3.我要处理人们在账目上出现的问题。
4. As part of my job I have to produce financial reports.4.提供财务报告是我工作的一部分。
5. I am based in Reading, not far from London.5.我上班的公司地点在伦敦不远的雷丁城。
III. READINGPART ONE (Questions 1—5)• Look at Questions 1--5.• In each case, which sentence is correct?• Mar k one letter ( A, B or C ) on your answer sheet.1. 20 : 45The time is CA. quarter to nine in the morning.B. quarter, past nine in the evening.C. quarter to nine in the evening.2. AA. All flights except, one leave in the morning.B. Every flight goes to a different country.C. AA 125 and CI 132 gar to the same continent.3. BMonthly Expenditure—AprilsalariesA. The expenditure on taxes is greater than that on salaries.B. The expenditure on supplies is one-fifth as much as that on salaries.C. The expenditure on visits is smaller than that on supplies.4. I guarantee that if you’ re not completely satisfied within a month, I will give you a full refund.AA. If you are not completely pleased with what you’ve bought, you can return it and get all the money back within 31 days.B. If you are not completely satisfied with what you’ve bought, you are allowed to come and get a replacement within a month.C. If you are not completely satisfied with what you have bought, you may come and find another one within 30 days.55. AA. Colour printer will perhaps be delivered on 2.3 June.B. Colour scanner will perhaps be delivered on 23 June.C. Blouse Will certainly be delivered on 7 May.PART TWO (Questions 6—10)• Look at the Office Plan below.• For Questions 6 ~10, choose the correct answer.• For each question mark one letter A—G on the answer sheet.6.Who is in charge of how produced ? E7.Who is the authority of the Board Directors? F8. Who gets the feed-back about products from the-customers? A9. Who seeks after the highest selling of products? D10. Who looks at the company's Balance Sheet and Journals? GPART THREE (Questions 11-15)•Look at the chart below. It:shows the sales and the three different production lines of a company.• What does each sentence (11~15 ) describe?• For each sentence, mark one letter (A~H ) on your answer sheet.• Do not use any letter more than once.11. The sales reached the peak. K12. The production was the same as that of the following two months, B13. The production was lower than that of the previous two months but higher than that ofthe following two months. G14. The production was higher than that of the previous two months and the following months. I15. The production Was the same as that of the previous two months and lower than that of thefollowing two months. HPART FOUR(Questions 16-20)• Look at the article below, about management and employment. and the following questions.• Each question has three suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentences, A, B and C.• Mark one letter A,B or C on your answer she et, for the answer you choose.M&S trim upper echelonThe axe scything through Marks & Spencer’s yesterday hit management levels. As a result, 290 people from store bosses to those on the first rung of the management ladder will lose their jobs. One in seven will be affected, an average of one per store, in what has previously been seen as almost a protected species. Some of the victims will be commercial staff, responsible for trading operation, while others will come from the ranks; of personnel; and finance specialists. Peter Salsbury, the chief executive, was appointed last November in the middle of the group’s worst ever profits slide. It became his job-to try to turn the company round. He said the cuts werenecessary to remove areas of duplication, overtop and unnecessary management layers within individual stores.Marks will announce their .end-of-year results next week. These are expected to show profits of no more than,.$650m—- a little more than half last yearns level.The company admitted yesterday that the management clear-out was a cost-cutting measure in response to the slump in sales and profits. "It is largely a cost-cutting exercise” a spokeswoman said, "In the current circumstances it wouldn’t be right to' have more management layers than is absolutely necessary.”But the latest management in the firing line are also victims of the new chief executive’s efforts to shake the organization out of a complacent culture which has typically paid too little attention to what customers want.The largest group will be local shops in small centres. There will be more than 100 of these. At the other end of the scale are 44 big departmental stores, led by the larges outlets at London’s Marble Arch and the new Manchester Building. The latter will open later this year. In .the middle will be 60-odd regional centres and a similar number of high-street locations.Marks warned that once the new structure was in place, there-could be further-management cuts.. These cuts would "enable the company to streamline its decision-making process and make sure that the customers’ voices and needs are heard far more clearly.16. Why does the writer say "... in what has previously been seen as almost a protected species" ?CA. He means that Marks and Spencer's has so far always been protected from disasters.B. He means that the managers have always felt that they had safe jobs.C. He means that people have always thought that M & S managers had safe-jobs.17. Those sacked so far include BA. builders, managers, and financial staff.B. commercial, personnel and financial staff.C. senior managers.18. Peter Salsbury made the cuts in order to CA. increase profits.B. reduce inefficiency.C. save costs.19. Salsbury was able to make the cuts mainly because AA. many of the', jobs ate unnecessary.B. many of the managers were inefficient.C. most of those sacked were not responsive to customers needs.20. At the time of writing the report, the company ^s profits were expected to be CA. half those of the previous year’s.B. double those of the previous years.C. Just over fifty per cent of the previous years.Module 2I. Choose the best answer:1. We C heavily in Brazil at the moment .A. investB. investedC. are investingD. have invested2. The company B to break into the Chinese market.A. wantB. is wantingC. have wantedD. wanted3. They A a joint venture in Poland already.A. are havingB. haveC. hadD. has4. We’re an electronics company. We B radios.A. manufacturedB. are manufacturingC. have been manufacturingD. have manufactured5. The company usually B its products in the autumn.A. is launchingB. launchesC. launchingD. launch6. The consignment is due to arrive in Hamburg A Saturday.A. onB. inC. atD. by7. The shipment is due to arrive in Rotterdam A 18 September.A. onB. inC. atD. by8. I don’t think we’ll have time A Friday Afternoon.A. onB. inC. atD. by9. We met him C Mr. West’s retirement party .A. onB. inC. atD. by10. We broke several export records B 2000.A. onB. inC. atD. byII. Translate the followings into Chinese:1.They don't receive overtime pay when they work late.1.他们工作到很晚的时候并没有获得加班费。