高中语法精讲——定从+状从
高中语法之定语从句
定语从句一．定义定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词（名词，代词）关系词：引导定语从句的词，起连接作用。
关系词有两种：关系代词关系副词关系代词：当先行词指物的时候，关系代词用：当先行词指人的时候，关系代词用：关系副词：※定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词后边。
二．用法1. which的用法①我买了一本杂志。
这本杂志花了我30块钱。
（我买了一本价值30元的杂志。
）②我最近喜欢上一部美剧。
这部美剧叫生活大爆炸。
（我最近喜欢上了一部叫做生活大爆炸的美剧。
）综上：①我弄丢一本书。
我上周从图书馆借的这本书。
（我弄丢了我上周从图书馆借的那本书。
）②我从美国带回来一个飞机模型。
大家都认为它很酷。
（大家都认为我从美国带回来的那个飞机模型很酷。
）综上：2. who的用法①我有一个朋友。
他在工厂上班。
②刚才和我说话的那个人是我的老师。
综上：①我想有一个朋友。
我可以与他分享任何事情。
②我喜欢与那些我可以信赖的人一起玩游戏。
综上：3. whom的用法：与who做宾语用法相同。
4. whose的用法先行词可以指人，也可以指物，表示所属关系，“......的”。
①我认识一个朋友，他哥哥是一名流行歌手。
I know a friend. His old brother is a pop singer.I know a friend whose old brother is a pop singer③这些孩子就坐在窗玻璃都被打破了的教室里上课。
These children sit in a schoolroom. Its windows are all broken.These children sit in a schoolroom whose windows are all broken.5. that的用法先行词既可以指人（用法同who），也可以指物（用法同which）二．关系副词1. when的用法（作时间状语）先行词必须是表示时间的名词day，year，time等。
高中定语从句完整讲解.docx
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词（Antecedent）。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出1.定义定语从句，就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，起到定语的作用，所以叫做定语从句。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。
定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。
关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。
2.从句结构 :包括先行词，关系词和定语。
3.关系词（1）关系代词： that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在定语中作主语，宾语，定语，表语 )------ 在句中作成分，说明后面的句子不完整。
（2）关系副词： when,where,why,(在句中作状语 )----- 后面的句子完整。
一．由 that,who,whom 作关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词指人。
1.Do you know the comerade spoke at the meeting yesterday(两者都修饰前面的comerade).2.This is the man(they say) is a good teacher这.(里 who 还做了后面 they say 的宾语，有双重身份，所以不能用 that.)3.This is the teacher I met in the street just now.作(宾语，所以可以省略 )。
4.My cousin,is an engineer, went to America last week.（非限定性定语从句，不能用 that 引导。
）5.先行词是 he, they, those, one, ones, anyone,只能用 who,不能用 that.Anyone breaks the law will be punished.One works hard and without complain is welcome here.6.关系代词指人的先行词（先行词指人）存在于there be 结构中用 who。
五、名从、状从及定从
• 4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并
同时兼指人和物时。如： We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited. • 5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊 疑问句时。如： Who is the person that
• 3．whether与if引导主语从句的区别： • whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首
也可放在句尾，if引导的主语从句只能放在 句末。如： • Whether she comes or not makes no difference. (不能用if) • 她来不来都没有关系。 • It is doubtful whether/if the President knew the details of the plan. • 总统是否知道这个计划的细节这一点颇有 疑问。
不能省略that 的宾语从句
• 1）句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的that
从句作宾语时，第一个that可省，但后面的 that 不可省。如： • He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand. • 2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间 有插入语时，that一般不可省。如： Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
宾语从句（The Object Clause）
• 1．宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
高中语法精讲——定从+状从2
She asked me_____with me. C A.what is the trouble B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.What trouble it is
注意点五：语序中的关键点: What is wrong What is the trouble with you/me What is the matter
It says,on the card,___it is made in C China. A.what B.which C.that D./
注意点二：当宾语从句前有插入语时, that不可省略
• Animals suffered at the hands of Man__ they were destroyed by D people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.(2008 江西，34) A.for which B.in which C.for that D.in that
2，宾语从句
B • You can be sure of____you have at present;you cannot be sure of something____you might get in the future. (2007安徽) A.that;that B.what;/ C.which;that D./;that
• There is little doubt____her C advice is of greater value to us.(2010 太原高三 二模) • A.whether B.why C.that D.if
高必修一 U4 语法讲解：定语从句(关系代词)
2. I have seen some strange trees, _____ B open at sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. whose leaves C. which leaves D. their leaves 3. All _____ we need is enough rest after B long hours’ work. A. the thing B. that C.ootball, _______ is a very interesting game, is popular all over the world. which 2. This is the house in _______ he once lived. 结论4： 只能用which，不能用that的情况： 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 2. 介词提前时。
结论1： 先行词还原代入后在从句中充当主语： 指人：who / that 指物： which / that 充当宾语: 指人who(m) / that 指物 which / that 充当定语： whose 或 of which / of whom 充当表语：指人 / 物 that 注：当先行词在从句中充当宾语时，关系代词可
1. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
He is the man ___ whom you can believe. in
2. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He gave me some books _____ which I am with not very familiar.
3. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
二、定语从句 当定语是由一个句子充当时，这个句子称为定 语从句；其修饰或限定的名词或代词称为先 行词。 定语从句的结构不完整，其缺少的成分由其引 导词--关系代词或关系副词充当；同时，关 系词还用于指代先行词。 This is the car which he bought last year. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句
英语语法-定语从句精讲
英语语法定语从句精讲在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
一）关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money （定语从句修饰先行词the man B．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
The people whom/who I work with are all friendly. （定语从句修饰先行词the people）Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. （介词后不用who）C．whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. （定语从句修饰先行词people）D．which1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn. （which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. (关系代词which作makes的宾语，可省略) 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。
高中语法定语从句的详细讲解
定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at7tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。
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注意点四： 介词后，连接词只能whether坚决不用if 我们的活动取决于明天是否是晴天. Our activity depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.
—Do you know _____ in the mall last A week? —Maybe a bar of soap.I am not quite sure. A what she paid for B what she pay for C what did she pay for D.what she paid
• Life today is different from what it was 30 years ago!
解题关键：what做定语修饰名词；
how 做状语修饰形容词或动词
2.It + be+名词+ 主语从句
It is no wonder that he is greater than his brother.
• 4.同位语从句：说明该名词 的具体内容，且that不可省 去。
D •The question___we should have a meeting must be decided as soon as possible. A.what B.if C.which D.whether
}
上述句子作宾语从句时,语序不发生任何变化 引导词为从句主语，本身即为陈述语序。
—Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. B —You should try to find out ____. A whose is the watch B who is the owner of the watch C whom does the watch belong to D.whose does the watch.
• 【连接词】 —————重要
who;whose;whom ;what;which wh-ever(连接代词) when;where;why; how; wh-ever (连接副词) that whether, if
有词义,在从句中担任成 分(主语,表语,宾语等)
有词义,在从句中担任成 分,作状语 无意义,在从句中不担任 成分
• The traditional view is____we sleep D because our brain is "programmed" to make us do so. • A.when B.why C.whether D.that.
3.表语从句
• Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals. （ 06山东 ） • A. as B. that C. what D. which •C
2，宾语从句
B • You can be sure of____you have at present;you cannot be sure of something____you might get in the future. (2007安徽) A.that;that B.what;/ C.which;that D./;that
语序；what做side effect的定语
• I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.ich A
4. It +Vi+ 主语从句
It seems/appears that...似乎…… It happened that...碰巧…… It occurred to me that... 我想到....
• (2010陕西卷18). It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. • A. which B. what C. that D. if •C
It says,on the card,___it is made in C China. A.what B.which C.that D./
注意点二：当宾语从句前有插入语时, that不可省略
• Animals suffered at the hands of Man__ they were destroyed by D people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.(2008 江西，34) A.for which B.in which C.for that D.in that
Whether • __________he is a man or not
is still a question. 他是否是个男的，现在还是 个问题。
If???
• 注意点2： 在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether 不能用if;且句中有“or not”时，只能 用 whether
注意点3：It做形式主语
It has been proved___eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (08上海卷) A. if B. because C. when D. that D
名词性从句
{
复习基础知识点
分类讲解四大名从
(一)复习基础知识点
【概念】
相当于名词，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和 同位语的句子叫做名词性从句。
【分类】 主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
It is not clear.
What he wants to do is not clear.
主语从句
她不相信她儿子。 She doesn't believe her son 她不相信她儿子是个小偷 • She doesn't believe that her son is a thief. 宾语从句
• 这就是卷子。 • This was paper.
• 这就是我们我们昨天做的东西。 • This was what we did yesterday.
表语从句
• 最终我知道了事实，那就是他们喜欢打 篮球。 • At last,I knew the fact that they were fond of playing basketball. 同位语从句
She asked me_____with me. C A.what is the trouble B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.What trouble it is
注意点五：语序中的关键点: What is wrong What is the trouble with you/me What is the matter
注意点三：
特殊介词+that引导的宾语从句 常考：in that...因为 except/besides that...除了 but that...要不是
We haven't settled(解决) the C question of___it is necessary for him to study abroad.(2006 江苏) A.if B.where C.whether D.that
• He checked the doors were B closed,and____all the lights were off.Then he opened the door to his bedroom.(2007 湖南) A.why B.that C.when D.where
注意点一： 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连 接时除第一个从句中的that可以省略, 其余从句的that均不可省略. He said (that) the film was very intersting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.
有意义,在从句中不担任 成分
二：分类讲解
名从判断标准
• 从句完整看意义 • 不完整缺什么补什么,然 后看意义。
1.主语从句
(07,陕西) 8. ___parents say and do has a life—long effect on their children. A that B which C what D as
• (2011湖南卷)31.
• Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why A
• (2010浙江卷9).
• It is uncertain __ side effect（负面） the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether • B
• (2011北京卷)31.
• The shocking news mad me realize _____ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why A
• ____different life today B is____what it was 30 years ago!(10-11高三调研考试) • A.What;form B.How;from • C.How;with D.What;with