Simile
英语修辞simile
英语修辞simile曾文婷英本133 1320031301一、基本概念Simile(明喻)是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，与汉语的明喻相似，它指的是将具有共性的不同事物或现象作对比，表明本体和喻体的关系。
在明喻中，本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。
注意，用于对比的事物或现象之间的共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
二、基本格式基本格式：本体 + 显著比喻词 + 喻体三、常见标志词Simile的常用标志词有 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
1. 介词：like 等;2. 连词：as, as if, as though, as...so, what等;3. 动词：seem, compare...to, liken...to, bear a resemblance to 等;4. 名词：comparison, resemblance 等;5. 形容词：akin to, similar to, be analogous to 等;6. 短语： as it were, no more...than, be something of, be something like等;7. 句式：As…, so…; As A is to B, so C is to D;A is toB as [what]C is to D等。
四、典型实例■akin to 与……相似(相同)Plagiarism is akin to theft. 剽窃与偷窃性质相同。
They speak a language akin to French. 他们说一种类似法语的语言。
■analogous to [with] 与……相似This proposal was analogous to/with the one we discussed at the last meeting. 这项提案与上次会议上我们讨论过的那份提案相似。
英语中常见的修辞手法
英语中常见的修辞手法英语中常见的修辞手法1明喻(Simile)simile －简明英汉词典['sɪməli:]n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。
例如：Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2暗喻(the metaphor)metaphor －简明英汉词典['metəfə]n. 隐喻暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。
本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。
）(第二册第三单元课文A)Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。
英语中的十九种修辞
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)
这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如：
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。
例如：
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow பைடு நூலகம்hose untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶
例如：
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
高级英语修辞总结
Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。
例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。
读后续写微技能训练——修辞手法(Simile明喻)
Some patterns of simile ③“as if”pattern He picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it
were spaghetti. 他挑出鞋带，像吃意大利面一样吃。 He tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe as if it were teh finest steak. 他试着割咬鞋底，好像这是最好的牛排。 The woman made him fetch and carry just as if he was a great Newfoundland dog. 这个女人叫他做这做那，简直把他当作一条纽芬兰的 大狗。
We're like two peas in a pod. 我们就像豆荚里的两颗豌豆。
Examples of simile from the textbooks
1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. (M1U4） 2. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. (M1U3) 3. The lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful. (M1U3) 4. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. (M1U4) 5. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. (M3U1) 6. Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. (M3U3) 7. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. (M4U2)
simile and metaphor(明喻和暗喻的区别及举例)
Simile明喻直喻：是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.Myheartislikeasingingbird.Aswhiteassnow.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.ascoolasacucumber极为冷静的（像黄瓜一样冷静）aseasyasapie极容易（像馅饼一样容易）asfussyasahenwithonechick在小事上瞎操心ashardasthenethermillstone铁石心肠(像下层的磨石坚硬）ashungryasahunter非常饥饿（像猎人一样饥饿）aslivelyasacricket极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼）asmadasawethen非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气）asmildasadove非常温和（像鸽子一样温和）asplainasthenoseinyourface一清二楚（像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚）aspoorasachurchmouse赤贫的（像教堂的老鼠一样穷）asproudasapeacock极骄傲（骄傲得像只孔雀）asstrongasahorse健壮如牛asstupidasanowl极愚蠢（像猫头鹰一样愚蠢）asthinasawafer极薄（像糯米纸一样薄）astrueassteel绝对可靠（像钢一样可靠）Metaphor隐喻是和明喻不同,不用like或as表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较的这样一种修辞手段。
隐喻又称暗喻。
表达方法:A是B。
喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Heisapig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个象猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）2.Sheisawomanwithastonyheart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
（比喻：这个女人冷酷无情。
明喻和暗喻Simile & Metaphor
英音：['simili]美音：['sɪmə,lɪ]
definition
• 1.A simile is an expressed likeness • 2.the simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else.
嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来。 嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来。
F .seem, resemble, treat, compare to, remind of, be similar to , so to speak/ as it were 等等
He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把孩子当成
缩了的明喻).
Element
2. Structure of metaphor
Ontology (本体） 被比喻的事物或情境 Metaphors （喻体） 打比方的事物或情境 Pre-figurative word （喻词） 表示比喻关系的词语
3. Types of metaphor
1."noun" pattern名词型 A is B 名词型: 名词型 (1). Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 (2). Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫。 (3). Some people think that marriage is a lottery. 有些人认为婚姻是缘分。 (4). He is the eyes and ears of the manager. 他是经理的耳目。 (5). Greece was the cradle of Western culture. 希腊是西方文化的发源地/摇篮。 (6). The old man's face is a map of time. 那老人脸就是岁月的写照。
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语中所有19种修辞⼿法的全部解释和例句英语中所有19种修辞⼿法的全部解释和例句：Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Monotony 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟⼈、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排⽐, 平⾏、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,⽐⽅、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对⽐,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对⽐.这种共性存在于⼈们的⼼⾥,⽽不是事物的⾃然属性.标志词常⽤like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某⼀事物的名称⽤于另⼀事物,通过⽐较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Monotony 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,⽽使⽤另⼀个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. ⽔开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋⼈安静地坐着.II.以资料.⼯具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎⼠⽐亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有⼒⽓,他们就⽤我的⼒⽓赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻⽤部分代替全体,或⽤全体代替部分,或特殊代替⼀般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的⼚⾥约有100名⼯⼈.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代⼀般)他是本世纪的⽜顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)这狐⽪围脖与你的帽⼦很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
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3. Sometimes our fate resembles a fruit tree in winter. Who would think that those branches would turn green again and bloom? But we hope it, we know it.
Question:
1. Which sentence is acceptable to native English speakers?
2. when working out an example of simile, what factor has to be considered?
-- acceptable to native English speakers -- word-for-word translation from Chinese into English; -- give rise to; -- barrier; failure in communication
– William M. Thackeray
愚人不能自知其愚，犹如其不能自视其耳。
• We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
Illustrative simile
Catch-22: A triumph, a classic of this era.” (Los Angeles Mirror);
• Some reviews of the book can be found on the back part of the jacket. The reviews are always positive, because they’re just like the ads for the books.
有时候我们的命运就像冬天里的一株果树，谁会相信那些树枝 还会变绿开花呢？但我们知道，我们仍抱着希望。
Descriptive simile
Fill in the blanks with the Compare the following
words dam & wall.
sentences with the ones in the left.
Chapter 1 Simile 明喻
Objectives of Learning Simile
• To know what simile is. • To know the classifications of simile. • To know that simile is cultural specific.
day exercise broke like a day exercise broke, and
___ giving way to a flood, she laughed with them,
and she laughed with
comforted those who
them, comforted those cried with relief.
belong to the same
domain.
Simile
1.2 What is simile composed of?
• A is like B. -- A is the subject (本体). -- B is the reference (喻体). -- the simile marker (比喻词):
• I never walked into my own tailor’s without feeling apologetic. I know I am unworthy of their efforts. It is as if a man without an ear for music should be invited to spend an evening
domains.
the train.
• -The child is like a man.
•
These four sentences are not simile, because the
•
-The one standing there
two things involved
looks like a beggar.
• 游泳池里人太多，水太脏，在里面游 泳简直就像芝麻酱里煮饺子。
Sentence 2: The water of the pool was too dirty, and what was more, the swimmers were packed like sardines.
• 游泳池塞得像沙丁鱼罐头一样拥挤不
-- “How to Grow Old”
1.6 The particular sentence structures in which similes are used: The what structure
• Personality is to man what perfume is to a flower. 人格之于人，犹如芳香之于花。
1.7.2 English idioms VS Chinese idioms
• to eat like a horse • to drink like a fish • like a drowned rat • like a peacock among
1.5 Assignment on simile: Read the paragraph written by Bertrand Russell.
• Read the paragraph with the simile “An individual human existence should be like a river.”
Simile
1.1 What is simile? Simile or not?
• Simile is a
• -John looks like his
comparison between brother Billy.
two unlike things from different
• -My car runs as fast as
1. He was a man who never 1’. He was a man who
smiled, and whose face never smiled, and who
was as blank as a
has a blank face.
whitewashed ___.
2. The tensions of the two- 2. The tensions of the two-
as, be like, seem, be similar to, be akin to , as if / though, such as, compare… to, treat… as, regard… as;
1.3 The classifications of simile:
The examples of simile can be • descriptive (描述型); • illustrative (说明型) – to explain; • illuminative (启发型) – to give light to.
with the Lener Quartet (四重奏).
Illustrative simile
• 研究术数，不妨换一下去研究文辞，再反 复去讲求经义，探究名理，这样循环不停， 最终一定会有心得收获，这就等于挑担子 不断换肩。一尺长的木棍，每天截取它的 一半，终身用不完，专心一个方面，没有 变化，兴趣固然容易枯竭，力量也容易感 到不足。
Illuminative simile
• If you have no aim in your life, you will drift.
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
“Your mind is like this water, my friend, when it is agitated, it becomes difficult to see, but if you allow it to settle, the answer becomes clear.” – Lines from Kongfu Panda
who cried with relief.
Descriptive simile
Question: What is the feature of descriptive simile? We can see in our mind’s eye the vivid pictures of what is being talked about, thus enhancing our understanding of the sentences.
• Question: What is the purpose of using
1.4 Discussion
Discussion:
In what way can we say simile is inspiring?
• The comparison involved in simile shows the author’s intuitive insight into the comparability of the two things. And we as readers, can perceive the hidden similarity, or the ignored similarity, and have a better understanding of the things being talked about.