simile(明喻)
英语修辞simile
英语修辞simile曾文婷英本133 1320031301一、基本概念Simile(明喻)是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，与汉语的明喻相似，它指的是将具有共性的不同事物或现象作对比，表明本体和喻体的关系。
在明喻中，本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。
注意，用于对比的事物或现象之间的共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
二、基本格式基本格式：本体 + 显著比喻词 + 喻体三、常见标志词Simile的常用标志词有 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
1. 介词：like 等;2. 连词：as, as if, as though, as...so, what等;3. 动词：seem, compare...to, liken...to, bear a resemblance to 等;4. 名词：comparison, resemblance 等;5. 形容词：akin to, similar to, be analogous to 等;6. 短语： as it were, no more...than, be something of, be something like等;7. 句式：As…, so…; As A is to B, so C is to D;A is toB as [what]C is to D等。
四、典型实例■akin to 与……相似(相同)Plagiarism is akin to theft. 剽窃与偷窃性质相同。
They speak a language akin to French. 他们说一种类似法语的语言。
■analogous to [with] 与……相似This proposal was analogous to/with the one we discussed at the last meeting. 这项提案与上次会议上我们讨论过的那份提案相似。
英语修辞手法
1.明喻(Simile)明喻(Simile)，是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
以两件基本上不相同的事物作比喻的修辞手段。
比喻的一种，明显地用另外的事物来比拟某事物，表示两者之间的相似关系。
常用“如”、“像”、“似”、“好像”、“像…似的”、“如同”、“好比”等比喻词。
通常有三部分构成：本体、喻体、比喻词例如：My heart is like a singing bird.（我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。
）O my love's like a red, red rose,That's newly sprung in June;That's sweetly played in tune.2.隐喻，暗喻(Metaphor)隐喻也称暗喻，是用一个词来指代与该词本来所指事物有相似特点的另一个事物的方法。
隐喻是和明喻不同,不用like或as表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较的这样一种修辞手段。
隐喻又称暗喻。
表达方法:A是B。
隐喻是一种比喻，用一种事物暗喻另一种事物。
隐喻是在彼类事物的暗示之下感知、体验、想象、理解、谈论此类事物的心理行为、语言行为和文化行为。
就本体和喻体的关系而言，隐喻比明喻更为紧密。
从语意的角度分析，隐喻比明喻深奥、更形象、更有喻示性和渗透力。
名词、动词、形容词和副词都可以有隐喻用法。
例如： 1.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个像猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）2.She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
（比喻：这个女人冷酷无情。
）3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克·吐温是美国的一面镜子。
（用镜子比喻美国的现实，很贴切。
）在一篇描绘中东市场的文章中，作者在描绘其中的铜器市场中燃烧着的木炭时这样写道: “the red of the live coals glowing，bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows”。
simile
一、比喻(the figures of speech) 比喻是语言艺术的升华。
英语中常见的比喻方法有三种：明喻、隐喻和借喻。
1.明喻(the simile)格式：本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if---) + 喻体常用介词like 、连词as，as if，as---so、动词seem等以及句型A---to B as C---to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。
例如：（1）Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, and more brillant. 老师，您像太阳，又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。
（2）Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All praise to you, our beloved teacher. 您的心灵像雪一样纯净，您的人格像青松一般高洁！赞美您，敬爱的老师。
英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外，还有许多常用的明喻习语。
例如：(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶(2)as weak as water软弱无力这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。
与此同时，又可以使语言短小精悍，表达生动、形象。
2.隐喻(the metaphor) 格是：本体 + is/are + 喻体例如：（1）Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you. 时间是河、记忆如水，朊友，我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。
（2）Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
注意：英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语，用作隐喻（也有个别用作明喻）。
英语中的十九种修辞
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)
这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如：
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。
例如：
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow பைடு நூலகம்hose untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶
例如：
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
修辞英语表达句子大全
修辞英语表达句子大全1. 英语25个修辞手法以及例句急英语修辞手法1) Simile：（明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic （特性）in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as。
as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 2) Metaphor：（暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 3) Analogy：（类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification：（拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes（赋予） to inanimate（无生命的） objects, or to ideas and abstractions（抽象）. For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole：（夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement：（含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately（故意地）understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism：（委婉）It isthe substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive（无冒犯）expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy （转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
simile and metaphor(明喻和暗喻的区别及举例).ea
Simile明喻直喻：是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作比照.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.My heart is like a singing bird.As white as snow.I wandered lonely as a cloud.as cool as a cucumber 极为冷静的〔像黄瓜一样冷静〕as easy as a pie 极容易〔像馅饼一样容易〕as fussy as a hen with one chick 在小事上瞎操心as hard as the nether millstone 铁石心肠(像下层的磨石坚硬〕as hungry as a hunter 非常饥饿〔像猎人一样饥饿〕as lively as a cricket 极活泼〔像蟋蟀一样活泼〕as mad as a wet hen 非常生气〔像弄湿的母鸡一样生气〕as mild as a dove 非常温和〔像鸽子一样温和〕as plain as the nose in your face 一清二楚〔像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚〕as poor as a church mouse 赤贫的〔像教堂的老鼠一样穷〕as proud as a peacock 极骄傲〔骄傲得像只孔雀〕as strong as a horse 健壮如牛as stupid as an owl 极愚蠢〔像猫头鹰一样愚蠢〕as thin as a wafer 极薄〔像糯米纸一样薄〕as true as steel 绝对可靠〔像钢一样可靠〕Metaphor 隐喻是和明喻不同,不用like或as表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比拟的这样一种修辞手段。
隐喻又称暗喻。
表达方法:A是B。
喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比拟形成.1.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
读后续写微技能训练——修辞手法(Simile明喻)
Some patterns of simile ③“as if”pattern He picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it
were spaghetti. 他挑出鞋带，像吃意大利面一样吃。 He tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe as if it were teh finest steak. 他试着割咬鞋底，好像这是最好的牛排。 The woman made him fetch and carry just as if he was a great Newfoundland dog. 这个女人叫他做这做那，简直把他当作一条纽芬兰的 大狗。
We're like two peas in a pod. 我们就像豆荚里的两颗豌豆。
Examples of simile from the textbooks
1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. (M1U4） 2. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. (M1U3) 3. The lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful. (M1U3) 4. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. (M1U4) 5. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. (M3U1) 6. Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. (M3U3) 7. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. (M4U2)
高级英语 修辞
Simile
More examples: 1. The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. (A is to B what C is to D.) 2. What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul. ( What C is to D, A is to B.)
6. Hyperbole
6. Hyperbole
◆ A conscious exaggeration for the sake of emphasis, not intended to be understood literally. ◆ 1) The wave ran mountain high. ◆ 2) His speech brought the house down. ◆ 3) All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.
4. Oxymoron
4. Oxymoron
◆ A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined. ◆ 矛盾修辞法（Oxymoron）是一种修辞手 段，它是用两种不相调和，甚至截然相 反的词语来形容一件事物，起到一种强 烈的修辞效果，使得所表达的语义更强 烈。 ◆ She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
生动形象的Simile （明喻）
英语辞格simile （明喻）是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法，也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在文学作品中尤其如此。
明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有as（如），like（像），seem（似乎），as if（好像），as though（好像），such as（像……一样）等。
其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。
Simile在英语中应用得很广泛，用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，可收到生动形象、简单明了、新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. （Book 1, Unit 3）
支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
一位孤苦伶仃的老人在生日那天，满心欢喜地期待她的女儿来给她祝寿，至少给她寄一份生日礼物，最终等到的却是一张冷冰冰的支票。
此句形象地描述了老人收到支票后的心情——她多么失望，就让那张令她伤心的支票随它去吧！这个明喻的比喻词是like。
Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it. (Book 2, Unit 10)
对于人的精神来说，赞扬就像阳光一样：没有它我们便不能开花生长。
作者借助明喻形象地说明了赞扬的作用，赞扬对于人的精神如阳光对于生命一样重要，对于我们来说是不可或缺的。
此句的比喻词也是like。
英语中有许多谚语包含着美妙的明喻，闪烁着语言艺术的光彩。
这些谚语多数以like和as作比喻词。
例如：
Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.
有天资而无学识，好比树木不结果实。
Choose an author as you choose a friend.
择书如择友。
Use a book as a bee does flowers.
读书如蜜蜂采花。
明喻通常表示本体和喻体之间的相似性，从而道出两种事物之间的关联。
由于这个原因明喻常用于广告语言中，能使我们了解商品，给我们具体、形象的概念，读来颇感亲切，易于为大众所接受。
如下面这则衣服广告：
Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud.
轻盈如微风，柔软似白云。
这则广告中两个明喻的运用，把衣服的质地感和穿着的舒适感体现出来了，使广告的魅力倍增，谁会不为之慷慨解囊呢？
另外，值得注意的是英语中有许多成语含有明喻，其结构为as + 形容词+ as +名词（第一个as可省略）。
例如：
(as) blind as a bat 目光如豆
(as) cool as cucumber 泰然自若
(as) cold as a marble 冷若冰霜
(as) busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙
(as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石
(as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛
(as) mute as an oyster 噤若寒蝉
(as) strong as horse 健壮如牛
用些含明喻的成语用like构成。
例如：
like a duck to water 如鱼得水
like a hen on a hot griddle 像热锅上的蚂蚁
like a cat in a hole 瓮中之鳖
以上是明喻最典型的体现格式：A is like B. 和A is as…as B.
英语中的明喻可以多种格式体现，其他的格式或句型还有：
1、虚拟句型最常见的是用as if或as though作比喻词，另外还有其他一些形式。
例如：
My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs.
我的笔迹，看来就像一大群蚂蚁从墨水里逃出来，没有把脚抹干净就在纸上四散奔跑过似的。
笔迹像蚂蚁爬的痕迹，比喻得恰如其分。
She looked both young and aging, as if she had just emerged from an illness of some crisis.
她看上去既老又年轻，好像是新病初愈或是刚遭了一场灾难的样子。
2、what型常见的句式有两种：A is to B what C is to D和What C is to D, A is to B。
例如：
Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.
卡洛斯·雷德与可卡因的贩运的关系，正如亨利·福特与汽车的关系。
卡洛斯·雷德是著名的哥伦比亚毒枭（Colombian drug lord），亨利·福特是美国汽车大王，本句通过喻体（福特）说明本体（雷德）。
此明喻起说明的作用。
The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.
作家的笔犹如战士的枪。
在这个明喻句式中，系动词可以改用实义动词do，介词to改为for，而成为A does for B what C does for D 。
这里what引导的是一个宾语从句。
例如：
Marx did for the development of society what Darwin did for the development of the biology.
马克思对社会发展的贡献和达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。
第二个句式是把what从句提到句首而形成的。
例如：
What the blueprint is to the builder the outline is to the writer.
提纲对于作家犹如蓝图对于建筑师一样重要。
What salt is to food, that wit and humour are to conversation and literature.
妙语与幽默之于会话与文学，恰似盐对于食物一样。
以上两例中what置于句首，后面的主句一般由that连接，但也可以省去。
3、than型
A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.
愚人之不知其愚，犹如其不能自视其耳。
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it. (Bernard Shaw)
我们不创造幸福便无权享受幸福，正如不创造财富也就无权享用财富一样。
4、And 型这是一种特殊的明喻句，常见于英语谚语。
其中and的作用相当于like，不可把它理解为“和”、“与”等义。
例如：
A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.
说出的话犹如抛出的石，是收不回来的。
Truth and roses have thorns about them.
真理如玫瑰，全身都带刺。
Kings and bears often worry their keepers.
国王和熊一样，总使照料的人坐立不安。
5、动词型
I compare his genius to a lightning flash.
我将他的天才比作闪电。
He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.
他把女儿当作掌上明珠。
Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.
塞缪尔·约翰逊把词典看作钟表。
…
可引导明喻的动词还有to be similar to, consider…as…, serve…as…, honor…as, respect…as…等。
与英语simile相对应的汉语修辞格是“明喻”。
汉语“明喻” 是比喻（包括明喻、隐喻和借喻）中的一种，也是最平易的一种。
基本格式和英语simile完全相同，即“甲事物像乙事物”。
需要加以描写刻画的事物（本体），用以比喻的事物（喻体）和比喻词都出现，明白地表示出本体和喻体的比喻关系，所以称“明喻”。
常用的比喻词有：像、好像、如、犹如、仿佛……。
例如：
还似旧时游上苑，车如流水马如龙。
（李煜：《忆江南》）
客有吹萧者，倚歌而和之。
其声呜呜然，如怨，如慕，如泣，如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕，舞幽壑之蛟龙，泣孤舟之嫠妇。
（苏轼：《前赤壁赋》）。