What is the meaning of it all
大学英语作文：生活的意义TheMeaningofLife
【导语】学习英语，阅读真的很重要，多阅读一些短篇英语文章也是提高英语阅读能力的一种。
下面是整理发布的“大学英语作文”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！【篇一】生活的意义 The Meaning of LifeSince we were born, we are meant to face the stage of study and work until we retire, which seems everybody does the same thing in their life. They start to wonder about the meaning of life. In my opinion, the meaning of life lies in study and finding the right place. 自打我们出生起，就注定要经历学习和工作的阶段，直到退休，似乎每个人在他们的一生中都在做着一样的事。
他们开始思考人生的意义，在我看来，生命的意义在于学习并找到人生定位。
Study comes first for human being. Since we learn the knowledge, we get to know about the world. The more we learn, the more we want to search for the unknown knowledge. The world is beautiful because of diversity, and there are so many amazing scenery waiting for us to discover. At the process of searching the knowledge, we also become mature and have our own thinking. 对于我们来说学习是最重要的。
国家开放大学(电大)人文英语1形考任务3
一、选择填空题目1—Shall we play football after class together?—_____________________A. Great, that's a good idea.B. I don't like playing football.C. Thanks for your help.解析：本题考核“询问意见”的交际用语。
当某人提出建议的时候，如果同意，就可以用“Sure/Great/Why not? That’s a good idea.”来回答。
正确答案是：Great, that's a good idea.题目2—Oh, no! It's raining. We can't go skating on the square.—____________A. Well done !B. What a shame !C. What a surprise !解析：本题考核“表示遗憾”的交际用语。
Well done“干得不错”，What a shame“太可惜了；真遗憾”，What a surprise“大吃一惊”。
根据句意：“外面正在下雨，我们不能去广场滑旱冰了”。
正确答案是：What a shame !题目3Tom is good at playing ________ piano.A. aB. anC. the译文：汤姆擅长弹钢琴。
解析：本题考查定冠词the的用法。
乐器的前面要加定冠词the。
正确答案是：the题目4We can't afford a bicycle, ________a car.A. even ifB. let aloneC. let out译文：我们连自行车也买不起, 更不用说汽车了。
解析：even if，即使，后面通常接句子；let alone, 不管，更不用说；let out，放出，释放。
大学英语智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年
第一章测试1.Watching English film is useless in learning English.A:FalseB:True答案:A2.What basic skills should we master at college?A:professional knowledge and skillsB:PresentationC:TeamworkD:Time management答案:ABCD3.What kind of topics can you talk when you start a conversation with others?A:The others’ ageB:The others’ incomeC:The EconomyD:Current News Stories答案:CD4.Sometimes things don’t________ the way we think they’re going to.A:turn inB:turn outC:turn off答案:B5.How to write an address correctly?A:英语对地址的习惯表达方式是“从大到小”，而中文习惯表达式“从小到大”。
B:英语对地址的习惯表达方式是“从小到大”，而中文习惯表达式“从大到小”。
答案:B第二章测试1.As a young man, he has a strong __________ for success.A:churchB:honorC:desireD:secret答案:C2.My classmates all laughed when I __________ our teacher.A:infectedB:spreadC:imitatedD:developed答案:C3.It took us __________ two hours to get there.A:roughB:prettyC:nearlyD:approximate答案:C4.It suddenly __________ me that I should have left a message on his desk.A:came toB:take toC:cause toD:lead to答案:A5.The students are planning a big party __________ their retiring teacher.A:take care ofB:made out ofC:in honor ofD:make up of答案:C第三章测试1.She doesn’t mind being______ because she never feels______.A:lonely；aloneB:alone; lonely答案:B2.The agency was heavily criticized for its _____ response to the hurricane.A:tardyB:late答案:A3.“But, while, however, although, first, nevertheless, otherwise, yet, on thecontrary, instead” are the signal words of transition relation. (True or False question.)A:FalseB:True答案:A4. A Thank-you letter should firstly express your apology for others. (True orFalse question.)A:FalseB:True答案:A5.What is the meaning of “shall “in the sentence of “Every competitor shallwear a number.”?A:mustB:need答案:A第四章测试1.It began to ___ dark.A:growB:become答案:A2.The longer she waited, _______ she became.A: the more impatientB: the most impatient答案:A3.When is the right time of running?A:4 to 6 p.m.B:7 to 9 p.m.答案:A4. When we are out for work, what must we bring?A:business cardB:business card holder答案:A5.There ____ some bread in the refrigerator.A:areB:is答案:B第五章测试1.（），this job will require a lot of hard work.A: AfterwardsB: To be sureC:Without any delay答案:B2.We looked on in （） as she showed us how to skate.A:admirationB: requestC:delight答案:A3.How could he （） the best apples for himself and leave the rest to hisparents?A: pick upB: pick outC: pick on答案:B4.The gallery（）a number of the artist’s earl y worksA:requiresB:requestsC:possesses答案:C5.Can I have another piece of the cake? It’ s simply（）.A:deliciousB:roughC: terrible答案:A第六章测试1.Miss Green isn’t in the office. She_______ to the library.A:will goB:has beenC:wentD:has gone答案:B2.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A:have been inB:have beenC:have been toD:have gone to答案:B3.The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?A:so theyB:haven’t theyC:have theyD:don’t they答案:B4._______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _______ toChina?A:How long, cameB:How soon, comesC:How often, gotD:How far, arrived答案:A5.His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.A:has come hereB:has left the universityC:has started to workD:has lived there答案:D第七章测试1.He loves the old songs, which ____ everyone of his age.A:are familiar withB: are similar toC: are familiar toD:are similar with答案:C2.Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.A: in caseB:in no caseC:in that caseD: in any case答案:A3.He operates the new computer as if he special training in it.A:receivedB:had receivedC: has receivedD:would received答案:B4. She said she would go and she ________ go.A:reallyB:wouldC:didn’tD:did答案:D5.It was not until 1936___baseball became a regular part of Olympic Games.A:thatB:whichC:whenD:then答案:A。
【双语阅读】What is the meaning of life
What is the meaning of life?"What is the meaning of life?" This is a question that we all ask ourselves at one point or another of our existence here. It is a question that I have asked myself many times over the years.“生活的意义是什么？”这个问题我们都在某个生命节点问过自己，或者我们为什么存在。
这个问题，在过去这些年中，我问过自己无数次。
The best answer that I ever came across was written by the great psychologist, Viktor Frankl who had survived the Nazi Concentration camps in World War II. Frankl wrote that "The meaning of life is to give life meaning."我认为最好的答案是来自维克多•弗兰克，他是一个伟大的心理学家，他在二战纳粹集中营里面存活下来。
他说，“生命的意义在于赋予它意义。
”When I was a young boy I gave my life meaning by simply playing, running, jumping, swimming, laughing, and riding my bike.我还是小男孩的时候，我对于生活的理解就是单纯的玩耍、追逐、蹦蹦跳跳、游泳、没心没肺地大笑，还有骑自行车。
When I went to school I gave my life meaning by learning, studying hard, getting good grades and trying to make my Mom and Dad proud.大一点去学校了以后，生活就是，学习，还有努力学习，得到好成绩为父母争光。
跨文化交际选择题
跨文化交际选择题考试题型：1、Ture or False (15×1, 为课后练习题，会有改动)2、Multiple Choice (15×1, 为学过的分散在各个单元的知识点及课后练习中的重要内容)3、Cultural Puzzles (10×2, 阅读案例，选择最佳答案，部分案例是课本上的，其余是课外的)4、Filling in Blanks (10×2, 该题考察的是名词解释，四个选项下面配有两个句子，根据句子内容选择其中一个选项)5、Matching (10×1, 该题考察对跨文化理论的理解，在授课要点中的范围)6、In-Depth Reading (共20分，该题是拓展性阅读，主要考察对跨文化类文章的理解及跨文化知识的应用能力，分为Section A….选择题【5×2】；Section B….问答题【10】。
要求根据对文章的理解和掌握的跨文化知识回答问题，内容不会超出我们讲过的知识范围) 选择题：Cultural Understanding of verbal and non-verbal communication1、American parents would ask their children’s opinion in family decision-making because___________.A) American parents like being told by their children what to doB) American children have much power in the familyC) American parents take their children as an equalD) American parents are unable to make decisions themselves2、What is the best expression of the following you can use when you meet an American friend at the airport?A) You must tired B) Did you have a good tripC) It is raining, isn’t it ? D) Thank you for coming3、What is a proper topic when you are talking with an American ?A) the price of an item B) religion C) marital status D) hobbies4、In English speaking countries, people tend to use all the greetings except_______________.A) how are you getting on? B) how are things?C) where have you been? D) how’s life?5、What is a proper response of the following to “Thank you. ” ?A) It is my duty to do so B) It doesn’t matter at allC) I quite understand it D) Don’t mention it6、Where a British friend is sick, you’d better say “__________” to your friend to show your concern.A) Drink plenty of water B) I do hope you’ll be feeling better soonC) put on more clothes D) Take medicine on time7、What is the Chinese equivalent of “reckless disregard for truth ” ?A) 躁动不安B)为非作歹C)实事求是D)信口雌黄8、What is the meaning of “gilding the lily” ?A) Avoiding something to make a good thing even better.B) Spoiling something already fine by attempting to make it betterC) Turning excellence into perfectionD) Putting the lily in a golden frame to make it last longer9、Which of the following expression is considered a verbal taboo in English?A) pass away B) powder one’s nose C) damn it D) go to heaven10、Which of the following is the typical American thoughtpattern?A) Factual-inductive style B) Axiomatic-deductive styleC) Intutive-affective style D) Associative uniting style11、Which of the following does not have the same function that “副” fulfills in C hinese?A) associate B) deputy C) lieutenant D) underline12、Which of the folling is not one of the social funcitons of compliments?A) greeting people B) starting a conversation C) criticizing people D) overcoming embarrassment13、What is the acceptable a ddressing of “Tom Smith” in American culture?A) Teacher Smith B) Mr. Tom C)Director Smith D) Professor Smith14、The word “dragon” is a word__________.A) with different associated meanings in Chinese B) without a counterpart in ChineseC) with the some primary meaning in Chinese D) with many more terms in Chinese15、When making an appointment with an American friend, which of the following expressions is the most appropriate one?A) I’m coming to see you this afternoon.B) You must stay at home waiting for me this afternoon.C) Could you come directly to my house this afternoon.D) I was wondering whether I could come round to visit you soemtime.16、Which of the following is not included in kinesics?A) posture B) stance C) body distance D) gesture17、Individualism has the following features except____________.A) strong family ties B)self-reliance C) freedom D) respect for individual rights18、M-time culture has the following features except__________.A) cutting time into bits B) taking dealines seriouslyC) scheduling one thing at a time D) more human-centered19、__________culture are typical P-time cultures.A) Latin American B) Northern American C) Western European D) Northern European20、In American culture, silence may be inerpreted as ___________.A) assertiveness B) thoughtfulness C) enthusiasm D)apathy21、Which culture tends to envelop each other in breath when talking?A) Arabian culture B) American culture C)British culture D) Chinese culture22、Which of the following is not included in chronemics?A) punctuality B) time orientation C) silence D) promptness23、What does the following gesture mean in some Latin American countries?A) money B) OK C) obscenity D) hostility24、Which of the following statement is untrue?A) The American “come here ” gesture could be seen as an insult in most Asian countries.B) In most Asian cultures, a gentle grip and an avoidance of direct eye contact is appropriate.C) Right hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.D) Pointing with the index finger is common in North American and Europe.25、When an American is parking his bicycle and the bicycle accidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and his quite angered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh.A) Don’t take it so seriously. B) It’s nothing.C) You are really clumsy. D) Such things can happen to any of us.。
语言学导论第05章练习及答案
Semantics?I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself， for example， within British English or American English.is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience， while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.semantics， meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience.is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.9.“it is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument.grammatical analysis， the sentence is taken to be the basic unit， but in semantic analysis of a sentence， the basic unit is predication， which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.can be defined as the study of meaning.conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.means what a linguistic form refers to in the real， physical world； it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.that are close in meaning are called s________.two words are identical in sound， but different in spelling and meaning， they are called h__________.opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions，which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.a________ is a logical participant in a predication， largely identical with the nominal element（s） in a sentence.The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words. For example：（A） The dog bit the man.（B） The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of all its components， then the above two sentences would have the same meaning. In fact they are different in meanings.As we know， there are two aspects to sentence meaning： grammatical meaning and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （A） are different from the grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in （B）. The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.49. What is componential analysis Illustrate it with examples.Componential analysis， proposed by structural semanticists， is a way to analyze word meaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components， which are called semantic features. Plus and minus signs are used to indicate whether a certain semantic feature is present or absent in the meaning of a word， and these feature symbols are usually written in capitalized letters. For example，the word “man” is ana lyzed as consisting of the semantic features of [+ HUMAN， + ADULT， + ANIMATE， +MALE]50. How do you distinguish between entailment and presupposition in terms of truth valuesEntailment is a relation of inclusion. Suppose there are two sentences X and Y：X： He has been to France.Y： He has been to Europe.In terms of truth values， if X is true， Y is necessarily true， . if he has been to France，he must have been to Europe.If X is false， Y may be true or false， e. g. if he has not been to France， he may still have been to Europe or he has not been to Europe. If Y is true， X may be true or false， . if he has been to Europe， he may or may not have been to France.If Y is false， X is false， . If he has not been to Europe， he cannot have been to France.Therefore we conclude that X entails Y or Y is an entailment of X.The truth conditions that we use to judge presupposition is as follows：Suppose there are two sentences X and Y：X： John's bike needs repairing.Y： John has a bike.If X is true， Y must be true， . if John's bike needs repairing， John must have a bike.If X is false， Y is still true， e. g. If John's bike does not need repairing， John still has a bike. If Y is true， X is either true or false， . if John has a bike， it may or may not need repairing. If Y is false， no truth value can be said about X， . if John does not have a bike， nothing can be said about whether his bike needs repairing or not. Therefore，X presupposes Y， or Y is a presupposition of X.51. How do you account for such sense relations between sentences as synonymous relation，inconsistent relation in terms of truth valuesIn terms of truth condition， of the two sentences X and Y， if X is true， Y is true； if X is false， Y is false， therefore X is synonymous with Y.. X： He was a bachelor all his life.Y： He never married all his life.Of the two sentences X and Y， if X is true， Y is false； if X is false， Y is true， then we can say A is inconsistent with Y.. X： John is married.Y： John is a bachelor.52. According to the ways synonyms differ， how many groups can we classify synonyms into Illustrate them with examples.According to the ways synonyms differ， synonyms can be divided into the following groups.i. Dialectal synonymsThey are synonyms which are used in different regional dialects. British English and American English are the two major geographical varieties of the English language. For examples：British English American Englishautumn falllift elevatorThen dialectal synonyms can also be found within British， or American English itself. For example， "girl" is called "lass" or "lassie" in Scottish dialect， and "liquor" is called "whisky" in Irish dialect.ii. Stylistic synonymsThey are synonyms which differ in style or degree of formality. Some of the stylistic synonyms tend to be more formal， others tend to be casual， and still others are neutral in style. For example：old man， daddy， dad， father， male parentchap， pal， friend， companioniii. Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaningThey are the words that have the same meaning but express different emotions of the user. The emotions of the user indicate the attitude or bias of the user toward what he is talking about. For example，“collaborator” and “accomplice” are synonymous， sharing the meaning of "a person who helps another"， but they are different in their evaluative meaning. The former means that a person who helps another in doing something good， while the latter refers to a person who helps another in a criminal act.iv. Collocational synonymsThey are synonyms which differ in their collocation. For example， we can use accuse， charge，rebuke to say that someone has done something wrong or even criminal， but they are used with different prepositions accuse. . . of， charge. . . with， rebuke. . .for.v. Semantically different synonymsSemantically different synonyms refer to the synonyms that differ slightly in what they mean. For example， "amaze" and "astound" are very close in meaning to the word "surprise，" but they have very subtle differences in meaning. While amaze suggests confusion and bewilderment，"astound" implies difficulty in believing.are the major views concerning the study of meaning How do they differOne of the oldest was the naming theory， proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato， who believed that the words used in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to. The form and the meaning are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. Two kinds of context are recognized： the situational context and the linguistic context.For example， the meaning of the word "seal" in the sentence "The seal could not be found" can only be determined according to the context in which the sentence occurs：The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried.（‘seal’ meaning an aquatic mammal）The seal could not be found. The king became worried.（‘seal’ meaning the ki ng's stamp）Behaviorism drew on behaviorist psychology when he tried to define the meaning of linguistic forms. Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as "the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer".。
What is the Meaning of Success in Life成功的意义
What is the Meaning of Success in Life?People have been striving for it all their life, and many achieving Success, and others are not so fortunate. It seems to elude them, and their life. Many have been pursuing Success for years, and others start towards it and seem to find it almost immediately. Success to one man was the capture and domination of another.The meaning of Success comes in many forms. It depends on what you are searching for in life. Athletes may have one definition of Success and a stay at home mom may have another.The Voice, a singing competition television series started in the Netherlands, has been adapted by many countries. In our country, we have The Voice of China and it is quite a shock. In our opinion, The Voice of China’s succ ess has five reasons. 1. it meets the needs .The Voice of China provide the audience with more original TV show and offer us something more close to our life with lots of impressions. 2. Accurate Judgments .The judges select contestants by their voice rather than their appearance. 3. High Standards. The program gets considerable experience from the foreign versions. And the Zhejiang television pursues a higher standard in the transition of local style and the team backstage. 4. Arouse Resonance. The program tries to build up a figure with true story so as to arouse the audience's resonance. 5. The Effect of Celebrity. Liu huan Na ying Yu chengqin Yang kun consist of the first judge's team of The Voice of China.The most important format features of the show is the blind audition, in which four coaches listen to contenders without seeing them, and turn their chairs to signify that they are interested in working with that artist. It is fairer than other talent shows.Maybe someone think success is same as accomplishment. There is a difference between Accomplishment and Success.Accomplishment is where you have engaged in the task or action that you attempted, and have obtained the desired results. It is a based on what was expected, and what results were done. People accomplish things all day long, but really achieve no Success in those actions.Success is something different. Success to most people is when you have an ongoing string of accomplishments that when put together, add up to a major obtainment in life known as Success. The addition of all the accomplishments in a person's career or life can be viewed as Success in their life and business.Success then is an ongoing realization and obtainment of worthy desired results, concerning actions, life, business, wealth, or a worthy ideal. There is a more powerful level of High Achievement.What is Success?That is up to you. But it is not just accomplishment. It is beyond that.The steady realization of a moral and worthy ideal is Success to most folks.The steady realization of a dream and an ideal that is driven by the heart and Passion that will not, cannot, and will never be denied is Success to a few folks.Those few folks not only know the meaning of Success, but also the experience of a Deeper and Higher level of Success.They are driven by Success, not just pursuing it.Seven Life Changing Keys to Success:1.Do and Dare2.Double Your Failure Ratee Your Will4.You need Determination and Commitment5.Excellence is Required6.Vision is Necessary7.Go to Success(“Success doesn’t come to you, you go to it.”)。
十大怀疑人生的台词英文
十大怀疑人生的台词英文1. "How did I end up here?"Life sometimes throws unexpected curveballs our way, leaving us questioning the choices we have made and the path we have taken. This simple but profound sentence reflects the moments of doubt and self-reflection that many of us experience at some point in our lives.2. "Is this all there is?"As we navigate through the routines and responsibilities of everyday life, it is natural to wonder if there is more to life than what we currently experience. This question often arises when we find ourselves caught in the monotony of our daily grind, yearning for something greater or more meaningful.3. "I thought I had it all figured out."This expression captures the frustration and disillusionment that come when our carefully laid plans fall apart. We question our abilities and understanding, realizing that life is full of unexpected twists and turns that challenge our perceived control and certainty.4. "Do I even know who I am anymore?"At times, we may find ourselves questioning our own identity, whether due to major life changes or a sense of disconnection from our true selves. This soul-searching can be both unsettling and transformative as we strive to rediscover and align ourselves with our core values and passions.5. "What is the meaning of it all?"In moments of introspection, we may find ourselves contemplating the deeper purpose and significance of our existence. This existential quest for meaning often arises when we confront our mortality or when life events force us to reevaluate our priorities and goals.6. "Am I living the life I truly want?"Regrets and unfulfilled desires can lead us to question whether we are living authentically and pursuing our true passions. This introspective inquiry encourages us to reflect on our choices, make necessary changes, and live a life that aligns with our deepest aspirations.7. "Where did all the time go?"As we grow older, it is common to reflect on the swift passage of time and wonder how we have spent our precious moments. This sentiment serves as a reminder to cherish the present and make the most of every opportunity, without succumbing to regrets or wasted days.8. "What if I had taken a different path?"Alternate realities and what-could-have-beens often intrigue our curiosity as we ponder the different outcomes that could have resulted from a different choice or decision. This reflection encourages us to appreciate the unique journey that has shaped our lives.9. "Is there a greater purpose to suffering?"During times of hardship or adversity, we may question the purpose and meaning behind our suffering. This inquiry invites us to find strength andresilience in understanding that our challenges can foster personal growth, empathy, and a greater appreciation for the lighter moments in life.10. "Who am I without my achievements?"When our accomplishments and external validation define our sense of self-worth, we may find ourselves questioning our identity and value when faced with setbacks or failures. This contemplation urges us to cultivate self-compassion and recognize that our inherent worth extends beyond societal expectations.In conclusion, these ten thought-provoking English phrases capture the moments in life when we find ourselves grappling with existential questions and doubting the path we have chosen. While they may elicit a sense of uncertainty, embracing these moments of introspection can lead to personal growth, self-discovery, and a deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the world.。
A-Clean--Well-lighted-Place一个干净明亮的地方_New
A-Clean--Well-lighted-Place 一个干净明亮的地方_NewA-Clean--Well-lighted-Place 一个干净明亮的地方Questions1.What is the meaning of “nada”? What is thewriter’s intention of replacing many words in the prayers with “nada”?2.Why does the writer not give the names ofthe characters? How can you distinguish the two waiters?3.Why does this place have to be clean andwell-lighted? What do cleanliness and brightness represent?4.What is the writing style of the story? Whatis the theme of the story?Text Study: "A Clean, Well-lighted Place"It was late and every one had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty; but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waitersinside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him."Last week he tried to commit suicide," one waiter said."Why?""He was in despair.""What about?""Nothing."How do you know it was nothing?""He has plenty of money."They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind. A girl and a soldier went byin the street. The street light shone on the brass number on his collar. The girl wore no head covering and hurried beside him."The guard will pick him up," one waiter said."What does it matter if he gets what he's after?""He had better get off the street now. The guard will get him. They went by five minutes ago."The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass. The younger waiter went over to him."What do you want?"The old man looked at him. "Another brandy," he said."You'll be drunk," the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The waiter went away."He'll stay all night," he said to his colleague. "I'm sleepy now. I never get into bed beforethree o'clock. He should have killed himself last week."The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter inside the cafe and marched out to the old man's table. He put down the saucer and poured the glass full of brandy."You should have killed yourself last week," he said to the deaf man. The old man motioned with his finger."A little more," he said. The waiter poured on into the glass so that the brandy slopped over and ran down the stem into the top saucer of the pile. "Thank you," the old man said. The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe. He sat down at the table with his colleague again."He's drunk now," he said."He's drunk every night.""What did he want to kill himself for?""How should I know.""How did he do it?""He hung himself with a rope.""Who cut him down?""His niece.""Why did he do it?""For his soul.""How much money has he got?""He's got plenty.""He must be eighty years old.""Anyway I should say he was eighty.""I wish he would go home. I never get to bed before three o'clock. What kind of hour is that to go to bed?""He stays up because he likes it.""He's lonely. I'm not lonely. I have a wife waiting in bed for me.""He had a wife once too.""A wife would be no good to him now.""You can't tell. He might be better with a wife.""His niece looks after him.""I know. You said she cut him down.""I wouldn't want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing.""Not always. This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk. Look at him.""I don't want to look at him. I wish he would go home. He has no regard for those who must work."The old man looked from his glass across the square, then over at the waiters."Another brandy," he said, pointing to his glass. The waiter who was in a hurry came over."Finished," he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners. "No more tonight. Close now.""Another," said the old man."No. Finished." The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head.The old man stood up, slowly counted the saucers, took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks, leaving half a peseta tip.The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity,."Why didn't you let him stay and drink?" the unhurried waiter asked. They were putting up the shutters. "It is not half-past two.""I want to go home to bed.""What is an hour?""More to me than to him.""An hour is the same.""You talk like an old man yourself. He can buy a bottle and drink at home.""It's not the same.""No, it is not," agreed the waiter with a wife. He did not wish to be unjust. He was only in a hurry."And you? You have no fear of going home before your usual hour?""Are you trying to insult me?""No, hombre, only to make a joke.""No," the waiter who was in a hurry said, rising from putting on the metal shutters. "I have confidence. I am all confidence.""You have youth, confidence, and a job," the older waiter said. "You have everything.""And what do you lack?""Everything but work.""You have everything I have.""No. I have never had confidence and l'm not young.""Come on. Stop talking nonsense and lock up.""I am of those who like to stay late at the cafe," the older waiter said."With all those who do not want to go to bed. With all those who need a light for the night.""I want to go home and into bed.""We are of two different kinds," the older waiter said. He was now dressed to go home. "It is not only a question of youth and confidence although those things are very beautiful. Eachnight I am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who needs the cafe.""Hombre, there are bodegas open all night long.""You do not understand. This is a clean and pleasant cafe. It is well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves.""Good night," said the younger waiter."Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and light. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and acertain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it was already nada y pues nada y pues nada. Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee. He smiled and stood before a bar with a shining steam pressure coffee machine."What's yours?" asked the barman."Nada.""Otro loco mas," said the barman and turned away."A little cup," said the waiter.The barman poured it for him."The light is very bright and pleasant but the bar is unpolished," the waiter said.The barman looked at him but did not answer. It was too late at night for conversation."You want another copita?" the barman asked."No, thank you," said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted cafe was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to his room. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it is probably only insomnia. Many must have it.。
2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-人生感悟类
人生感悟类1、Every January for the past 20 years, I have taken a few moments to ponder(思考) the answer to the big question, “What is the meaning of life?”It’s one of those enormous questions that areso important—philosophically(哲理地) and practically in terms of how we live our lives—and yet we never stop to really think about the answer. If you might be able to get your response in less than a minute, the wisdom-to-effort rate for this exercise could not be more advantageous. I tend to ponder such things as the creator of the Wisdom Project, a collection of writings about the wisdom in everyday life experiences.The reason I ask this question year after year is that my answer changes over time, which I find interesting and meaningful. There is no only correct answer, I believe—only answers that are right for you at any given time.My favorite answer, though, is the Zen-like circular reasoning attributed to writer Robert Byrne, who put it, "The purpose of life is a life of purpose." Some people have concluded that lifers meaning is subjective. "There is not one big universal meaning for all,” author Anais Nin wrote in her diary. "There is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person."Taking a few moments to record your response to the question "What is the meaning of life?" is the kind of simple exercise that effectively adds meaning to your life. And then I suggest answering it every year. Looking back at how your thinking has evolved and been influenced by experience tells you something more about yourself. Cumulatively (累积地), it gets you closer to a deeper self-understanding.Whatever small step you take toward finding the meaning of life is a step toward a more meaningful and longer life.1.Why does the author ask the question every year?A.To get the response in less than a minute.B.To get the correct answer to the meaning of life.C.To find different answers interesting and meaningful.D.To leam the wisdom in everyday life experiences by himself.2.What have the examples of Robert Byrne and Anais Nin proved?A.Our life should be a life of purpose.B.The answer of the two persons is the best one.C.Everyone has his or her own answer at any given time.D.Life’s meaning is philosophically and practically important.3.What does the author suggest people do about adding meaning to your life?A.Try asking others about what their opinions are.B.Understand yourself more by answering it every year.C.looking back at your life influences your meaning of life.D.Write down their responses to the question and do more exercise.4.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Everyone should ask the meaning of life.B.Life is meaningful when you find an answer.C.Life changes when we begin to find its meaning.D.Live a more meaningful and longer life.2、I remember a day when I was a little kid. I was making a sandwich in the kitchen when I noticed the date on one of the wine (白酒) bottles.“Dad, dad!” I cried. “This wine is too old to drink.”“Son, hold on,” he said.“No, you can't drink this tonight! This bottle of wine was made 10 years ago.”“Wait, let me tell you…”“Would you like me to throw it away from you?” I asked.“Son, wait a second,” he said. “Son, some wi nes get better over time. The longer you wait to drink it, the better it will be. Although this may seem strange, it is true.”When I was young, I didn't have any understanding of what this meant, but now, this would have been very helpful to remember as I went through my teenage years.In our society, we forget this simple rule: the longer you want for certain things, the better they will be. But we want the best job as quickly as possible; we want to graduate from college in as few years as possible; we even speed through our homework just to chat with friends. When we do this, we lose something of great importance.We all want to get to the next step so quickly that perhaps we don't get ready enough to get there. This has a negative effect on our society. When trying to go to the right college, we will do anything to get in and when we rush through our classwork, we may not study enough for the test, and end up failing. We need to be ready for whatever comes, ready for the unexpected. Wine gets better over time, so do the things in our paths of life.1. Why did the author tell his father not to drink the bottle of wine?A. Because it smelt terrible.B. Because it was mixed with something else.C. Because his father drank too much that night.D. Because it had been kept for years.2. What the author's father said_________.A. made the author puzzled when he was a little childB. was too simple a rule to be meaningful to the authorC. threw the author into deep thought thenD. was an excuse to drink the wine3. In the author's opinion, if we do things too quickly, we will________.A. do it betterB. save much timeC. graduate from college more quicklyD. miss something important to us in life4. Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage?A. Well begun is half done.B. More haste（匆忙）, less speed.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heat.3、Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem (自尊). Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their life. They are leaves tossed (摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life. Losers think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible.Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe. Thoughts and beliefs cause everything. Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits ingrained in us over a period of time. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success depends upon our level of confidence. We are responsible for either reinforcing (强化) good habits or kicking bad habits and consciously replacing them with consistently practiced good habits.If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing (培育) the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.1. People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they ________.A. are ready to change their mindsB. are easily affected by windy weatherC. don’t have the power to face their fateD. can’t exercise control overthemselves2. Losers would think that ________.A. success is the result of hard workB. working hard will lead to successC. their failure is only because of bad luckD. they don’t make efforts to succeed3. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that ________.A. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudesB. developing confidence is the key to future successC. thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mindD. setting our expectations is essential before taking action4. The last paragraph serves as ________.A. the proof of the author’s pointsB. th e conclusion of the argumentC. an introduction to another topicD. a comparison between two views5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Success Is a ChoiceB. The Secrets of SuccessC. Develop Our ConfidenceD. How to Achieve Success4、Ask any of my stepchildren and they'll agree: The quickest way to produce a long and angry shout is to complain, “It’s not fair!” I can go on and on about how fairness has nothing to do with who gets the slightly larger cookie, and how important it is tobe gratitude for all of the incredible privileges we have. And yet, I displayed right by those inspiring quotes about thankfulness posted by family and friends on Facebook. I've laughed at the concept of keeping a gratitude journal, a daily diary of things in my life to be thankful for, as seen on Oprah and in many studies about happiness. (Despite all the evidence to recommend it, keeping one just doesn’t feel like me.)But according to a recent study, people who practise gratitude are more joyful and optimistic and less lonely. I would love to experience all of those things, so why do I get all sick inside when I hear about practising gratitude? The biggest reason is that it sometimes feels slightly dishonest.Earlier this year, though, I decided it was time to give gratitude a real chance; I wanted to see firsthand if it would change my outlook. Then, a stream of terrible things happened—it felt like every night on the news there was another tragedy, and it felt like the whole world was going to ruin. Putting aside a few minutes a day to think about all the awesome tilings in my life felt both unimportant and disrespectful. But I sat down and tried it. While I wouldn't go as far as a journal, I did try to spend a few minutes each day feeling thankful.And something clicked. Allowing myself small moments of gratitude didn’t feel as tired as I thought it would; it felt uplifting, even restorative. I realized that gratitude as a goal still makes me change. Appreciating what we have can help us understand what other people are, both far away and closer to home.1.Why does the author mention the story of his stepchildren?A.To introduce the topic of the text.B.To express they are specially naughty.C.To show how fair he is to them.D.To present the benefits of practicing gratitude.2.What was the author's attitude to practising gratitude in daily life in the beginning?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Ambiguous.D.Relaxed.3.How did the author feel when actually practising gratitude earlier this year?A.Spiritless.B.Respectful.C.Amused.D.Proud.4.What does the author mean by saying "And something clicked", in the last paragraph?A.The changes happened to him.B.The living conditions got worse.C.Small moments were valuable.D.The help was timely and important.5、I am often homesick. I have learned something about myself from it. I moved from Long Island to Florida three years ago. Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, an uncontrollable urge wells up to return to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I am a snowbird stuck in reverse. Instead of enjoying Florida’s milder winters, I willingly bear the severe weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.I’m like a migratory bird (候鸟) that has lost its sense of timing and direction, my wings flapping against season.So what makes me fly against the tide of snowbirds? The answer has a lot to do with my reluctance to give up the things that define who I am. Once I hear that the temperature on Long Island has dipped into the range of 40 to 50 degrees, I begin to long for the sight and crackling sound of a wood fire. I also long for the bright display of colors-first in the fall trees, and then in the lights around homes and at Rockefeller Center. Floridians decorate, too, but can’t create the special feel of a New England winter.I suppose the biggest reason why I return is to celebrate the holidays with people I haven’t seen in months. What could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey dinner, or watching neighbors’ children excitedly open gifts on Christmas? Even the first snowfall seems special. I especially enjoy seeing a bright red bird settling on a snow-covered branch. (My wife and I spend winters at a retirement community in Ridge, and I’m grateful that I don’t have to shovel.)While these simple pleasures are not unique to Long Island, they are some of the reasons why I come back. Who says you can’t go home?1.What’s the difference between Flo rida and Long Island?A.Winters in Florida are milder.B.The snowbirds in Florida are rarer.C.Weather in Florida is severer.D.Florida is nearer to the ocean.2.What does the underlined word “reluctance” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Coincidence.B.Expectation.C.Unwillingness.D.Motivation.3.Which of the following words can best describe the author?A.Homesick and easy-going.B.Hard-working and serious.C.Imaginative and outspoken,D.Anxious and painful.4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To describe his dream to be a free bird.B.To express his feeling of missing his hometown.C.To praise the beauty and warmth of his family life.D.To explain the reasons for moving from his hometown.6、I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a bad situation： my credit cards and hank cards weren’t working abroad，and I only had $ 5. I didn’t know anybody in the country. And the only possession I had was a return ticket to Guatemala in two weeks. Back then, there were no such things as mobile phones，and some Internet cafes charged much for a very slow connection.I thought to myself that if I went to a countryside, maybe I would find kind people. With my remaining coins, I headed to the bus terminal and arrived at Santa Rosa. It was midnight. There were no streetlights as it was very rural. I went knocking door to door，explaining with my very poor Spanish that I was Japanese, and I was in Costa Rica with no money but I needed to stay here for two more weeks before I could go back. Everybody replied saying，“Oh my gosh，but we are so poor. We have no space and no extra food.”Finally，I arrived at a Chinese restaurant. The owner of the restaurant was incredibly kind. She heard my story and really empathized. She said that her sonwent to Europe many years ago and had a similar experience. At that time，some other people were very kind to him，and she remembered how warm that made her feel. She invited me in，gave me food, and called the Red Cross to rescue me. I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica with the head of Red Cross.I’ve travelled all over the world and been to over 50 countries. But this was one of the best trips，the best two weeks, I had ever had in my travelling life.I realized that when you re in a position to be able to receive，it actually makes people feel happier. Being able to receive kindness is a gift for other people as well.1.What difficulty did the writer have while visiting Costa Rica?A.She had no money to buy a return ticket.B.She lost her mobile phone.C.She didn’t know anybody in the country.D.She almost had no money on her.2.Why was the writer's request refused by some people in Santa Rosa?A.Because they were careful and afraid of strangers.B.Because they were too poor to offer the writer what she needed.C.Because they couldn’t understand what the writer said to them.D.Because they couldn’t stand the long stay of the writer.3.What made the owner of the Chinese restaurant accept the writer?A.The owner's kindness and sympathy.B.The writer’s moving story.C.The owner's son's experience.D. The close relationship between the writer and the owner's son.4.What does the writer aim to convey to the readers with her experience?A.She had a great time in Costa Rica.B.Helping others makes people feel happy.C.Receiving kindness makes people feel happy.D.Money is a good servant but a bad master.答案1、1.C; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。
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IMRAD
• • • • • Introduction Methods Results Analysis Discussion
Science
• The way of doing science changed with the advent of the www • Journals today available on www • Faster and faster (more data – less thinking) • Pre-web articles difficult to obtain • We must not overlook pre-web science • A loss of history will be catastrophic
’Honesty’
• Report what you find – even if it may appear anomalous
Example 1
• • • • • Geomagnetic excursions Observed in a systematic way by . . . Blake excursion (Caribean) 1968? Seeing is believing Excursions rejected; it must be ’distorted records’ (Verosub 1979) • Lavas and sediments . . .
What is the meaning of it all?
(science)
Reidar Løvlie Department of Earth Science University of Bergen Norway
•What is science? •It is the study of those judgements concerning which universal agreement can be obtained.
Science
• Sivilizations on this globe pursue and support scientific approaches • Science is performed by scientists • Scientists are human beings • Human beings err . . . . • By erring – one learns • Perhaps this is the only way to really learn
Case story (cont’d)
• Inspecting results from the 196x paper the anomalous data-points fits very well with the established ages for geomagnetic excursions!
We have a habit in writing articles published in scientific journals to make the work as finished as possible, to cover up all tracks, to not worry about the blind alleys or describe how you had the wrong idea first, and so on. So there isn’t any place to publish, in a dignified manner, what you actually did in order to get to do the work.
Science
• Present-day modern science emerged in Europe 1500 century • Copernicus – Kepler – Galilei – Newton • Science must not be ’practical’ • Practicality is for engineers • Natural science progresses with technology
Science
• Science proceed by communication • Scientists share an interest in ’good science’ • Good science proceeds by constructive critisism • Peer-review • Scientific community – anonymous • Publications - conferences
• The road to progress is paved with failure • Falsification; we can only know for sure when a hypothesis is wrong • Design investigations so that they can be falsified • Obtaining ’expected’ results does not bring science forward
Case story (honesty)
• Paleomagnetic study marine cores outside Antarctica • Compared to today; very few samples! • The authors showed diagrams with all the obtained data . . . • . . . . even if some data-points could not be explained
Quotes from a Nobel laureate
Richard Phillips Feynman (11. May 1918 – 15.2.1988)
You can know the name of a bird in all the languages of the world, but when you're finished, you'll know absolutely nothing whatever about the bird . . . .
Science and ethics
• Report observations you have found • Explain and interpret according your abilities • Leave unknowns to the future
Science and failure
Ricቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱard Feynman in his Nobel Lecture, 1966.
No problem is too small or too trivial
if we can really do something about it.
Science
• • • • • Truth? Opinions? Feelings? Convictions? Freedom . . .
Sceince
• Scientific results may find applications in the future • Science does not produce ’truths’ • Science should not be blamed for political decisions • Science is a rational endevour • Human beings are not rational beings
Excursions
• • • • 6-14 excursions within Brunhes Chron (last 780.000 years) Regional – Global? Problematic to date with sufficient precision • From 1994 – suddenly accepted
Science
• • • • • • • • Systematic way of organizing observations Systematic way of organizing thoughts Disinterestedness Non-authoritative Un-personal Thoughts we don’t like Trans-personel No ownership
Models
• The purpose of models is not to fit the data – but to sharpen the questions • Example from correlation two cores from a lake • ’Perfect’ correlation using the most conspicious peaks
So let's look at the bird and see what it's doing - - that's what counts I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something . . . . . . .