Unit 3 英美文学与电影(Charles Dickens)
自考《英美文学选读》笔记3（简单版）
Percy Bysshe Shelley （1792-1822） 1792 Shelley was born in an aristocratic family. He was educated at Eton. 1810 18y， he went to Oxford Uni. He attacked war and glorified heroes and heroines of the French revolution. 1811 While in Oxford， he published The Necessity of Atheism in which he doubted the existence of God. As a result，he was expulsed by the university and his conservative father deprived him the heir of Barony and fortune. He went to London where he met Harriet Westbrook who was much younger than him and also came from an aristocratic family. They eloped to Scotland. Poverty finally separated the couple. 1814 He fell in love with Mary Wollstonecraft （daughter of Godwin） and eloped with her to Italy. In Italy， he met Byron with whom he kept a solid friendship. 1816 Harriet committed suicide. Shelley's political enemy attacked him an immoral man. 1818 He exiled himself to Italy and spent the rest of his life there. 1819 Peterloo Massacre happened in Manchester. The event marked a turning point in Shelley's view. Before that， he thought that workers should take up weapons and fights. After the event， he thought they should. Working class's resistance and anti-oppression became a constant theme of him. 1822 At the age of 30， he drowned in a small boat along the coast of Italy. Shelley's Major Works 1813 Queen Mob shows Shelley's social philosophy. 1. He criticizes the rising capitalism and the feudal society. 2. He defends the rights of the labor against their exploiters and oppressors. 3. The story is a fairy tale dream. It's an optimistic poem. Through Queen Mob's words， Shelley shows his philosophy. It's a revolutionary poem in which Shelley declares war on the injustice and violence of the world. （Shelley is a revolutionary poet.） 1819 Prometheus Unbound Prometheus is a god in Greek myth， who steals fire from heaven to help human. Zeus punishes him by hanging him on a cliff and sending eagles to bite his flesh. Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound described how Prometheus steals the fire and his sufferings. At the end， Prometheus reconciled with Zeus. Prometheus Unbound. In Shelley's work Prometheus doesn't comprise with authority （Zeus）。
自考-《英美文学选读》作家和作品
A Tale of a Tub 桶的故事
The Battle of the books 书籍的战争
The Drapier’s Letter 德拉皮尔的信
Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记
A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议
5. Henry Fielding
The great poems: Paradise Lost (1665)
Paradise Regained (1666)
Samson Agonistes (1671) 力士参孙
The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义 8个
1. John bunyan:
Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的结合
The Book of Urizen 尤来森之书
The Book of Los 洛斯之书
The four Zoas四个左义斯
Milon弥尔顿
Tiger
2. Willian Wordsworth(Lake Poets)
The Victorian Period 6
1. Charles Dickens
Sketches by Boz 勃兹速写
Life in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿
Nicholas Nickleby 尼克拉丝尼克尔比
The Pickwick Paper 皮克威克外传
The History of Amelia阿米利亚
6．Samuel Johnson
Poems: London , The Vanity of human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻
《Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema》
《1421中国发现世界》 作者孟席斯花了14年
时间研究郑和率领的中 国舰队先于欧洲那些耳 熟能详的伟大航海家发 现新大陆的传奇旅程。
Mark Twain
(l835～1910)
马克·吐温
美国批判现实主义 文学的奠基人，世 界著名的短篇小说 大师。
Works:
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) 《哈克贝里·芬历险记》 Running for Governor (1870)《竞选州长》 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) 《汤姆·索亚历险记》 The Prince and the Pauper (1882) 《王子与贫儿》
8. Jimmy’s 10 months old. He can’t walk yet, but he can _cr_a_w__l.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.
1. How did Huck and Jim get to the
Retell the passage according to these sentences. Think over and tell what will happen next.
Find words in the passage which mean.
1. to rain heavily
p_o_u_r__d_o_w_n__
murderer
_cr_i_m__e_
6. a true account of the past _h_is_t_o_r_y
Read the passage on P21 and say what type of book it describes. Use the words in Activity 2.
英美文学PPT课件
Charles·Dickens(1812~1870),a British novelist. At the age of 10 his families were forced to move into debtors prison. When 15 years old, Dickens became an apprentice in a law firm and later a civil court judge clerk and then a newspaper reporter stationed in parliament. He had only a few years school life .But thanks to assiduous self-study he became a famous writer.
“ the genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest”---Stefan Zweig
Writing CareerFra bibliotekearly years）
In 1833 Dickens’s first story, A Dinner at Poplar Walk was published in London periodical, Monthly Magazine. His first novel The Pickwick Papers get a great success in March 1836.
BLEAK HOUSE
狄更斯是个高产作家，他凭着勤奋和天 赋创作出一大批经典著作。他是19世纪 英国现实主义文学的主要代表。他的作 品以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理 分析以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛 的有机结合而著称。
大学英语英国文学Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens
William Powell Frith, Portrait of Charles Dickens, London, Victoria and Albert Museum.
Charles Dickens
1. Dickens’s life
Only Connect ... New Directions
Critical Realists
• In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. Among the famous novelists of the time were the critical realists like:
• In 1836 Sketches by Boz, articles about London people and scenes, were published in instalments.
Only Connect ... New Directions
Evert A. Duyckinick, Charles Dickens
5. Dickens’ Style
The most distinguished feature of Dickens’ fictional art is his
successful character-portrayal.
The penetrating effect of satire is frequently achieved by Dickens
英美文学第11章--Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens（1812-1870）
• The greatest English realist.
•
Group work.
Life and woks:p.128
• He led a hard life in youth and experienced oppression. He was forced to end school in early teens and work in a shoe-polish factory when his father was imprisoned for debt. • A resulting sense of humiliation and abandonment haunted him for life, and he later described this experience, only slightly altered, in his novel David Copperfield (1849-1850).
• 情节：有一天，在济贫院长期吃不饱、饥饿难 耐的孤儿们用抽签方式抽中Oliver 向管事提出 再添一点食物，结果在院内引起轩然大波，管 理层的董事们气急败坏，急欲置Oliver 于死地 而后快。 • 作家以生动的描写和夸张的写法，反映了儿童 在济贫院中的痛苦生活；用讽刺的语言，揭露 了资产阶级和所谓慈善家的丑恶嘴脸和虚伪本 性。
Characteristics of the literature in critical realism:
• 1. Mirror / reflect reality truthfully: 反映现实 • 2. Criticize the dark side of the society: 批判现实
英美文学作业答案
《英美文学》作业答案Unit 11. What year was Shakespeare Born?A 1562 B1564 C 1616 D 16172. What was the name of Shakespeare's theatrical company?A The King’s manB The Queen’s manC The Chess manD The Lords man3. All of the following plays are tragedies by Shakespeare exceptA OthelloB HamletC The TempestD Macbeth4. English Renaissance Period was an age ofa. prose and novelb. poetry and dramac. essays and journalsd. ballad and songs5. Shakespeare’s four tragedies are___________, ______________, ____________ and_____________.6. Please read the famous monologue and answer the following questions.To be, or not to be ─ that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles.And by opposing end them.To die─ to sleepNo more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to.'tis a consummationDevoutly to be wishdTo die ─ to sleep,To sleep ─ perchance to dream;ay, there's the rub!For in that sleep of death what may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coilMust give us pause.There's the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor's wrong, the proudman's contumely,The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,The insolence of office, and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?Who would these fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after deathThe undiscovered country, from whose bournNo traveler returns ─ puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o’ er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pith and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action.1.Which famous play is the speech taken from? Who is the author of the play?2.Who gives the speech in the play?3.What does the speech indicate?4.What is the story of the play?7. Explain the term “Renaissance”.Answer1. B2. D3. C4.B5. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth6 1). Hamlet; William Shakespeare2) the main character of the play- Hamlet3) “to be or not to be” indicates to live or end one’s life. The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life. This speech shows Hamlet’s melancholy and his delay and describes he faced the dilemma of action and mind.4). (见书本P6)7.The term Renaissance refers to a great bourgeois cultural movement in Europe which began in the 14th century and continued to the mid-17th century. It first started from Italy and then spread al l over Europe. Originally, the term means “rebirth” or “revival”. And the movement seems to be a rebirth or revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture, caused by a series of historical events, such as the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Unit 21.Please summarize the story of Robinson Crusoe.2.What does the image of Robinson Crusoe represent?3.What are the features of Daniel Defoe’s fictions?4.___is considered the father of the English novel.A. DefoeB. FieldingC. RichardsonD. GoldsmithAnswer1. The story was based on the experience of a Scottish Sailor named Alexander Selkirk who had been marooned ona desert island off the coast of Chile and lived there in solitude for four or five years. After his return to Europe, his adventures became known. Defoe wrote this novel in the first person singular.This novel begins with Crusoe’s career as a sailor and a merchant, and then as a plantation owner and a slave trader. On a voyage to Africa to buy slaves he meets with the most unfortunate shipwreck. Then he finds himself cast by the sea waves upon the shore of an uninhabited island. He has to state there alone and manage the livelihood for himself. First of all, he gets back some food and clothes, a few guns and some ammunition from the wretched ship. He builds a shelter to protect himself. Then he grows barley and rice, domesticated goats and fight against cannibal savages coming from the neighboring islands, later he saves a savage from death and named him Friday, who becomes his faithful servant. In the hope of returning to Europe, he builds a boat. Finally an English ship comes and takes him back. Thus Robinson Crusoe ends his twenty-eight years’life in the deserted island. 2. In this novel, Defoe created the image of a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has the courage and will to face hardships, and who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature. There is also a glorification of labor, which enables the hero gradually to produce a favorable condition for himself. His resourcefulness in building a home, dairy, grape arbor, country house, and goat stable from practically nothing is clearly remarkable, which is applauded by Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This image is a criticism of the lazy and parasitic feudal nobles and a praise of the bourgeois.3. Though most of his works are written in the picaresque tradition, Defoe is an anti-romantic, anti-feudal realistic writer. His stories are all real concerns of his time: people in their struggle to overcome the natural or social environment. All his works have a very strong verisimilitude. To convince the reader of the truth of his stories, Defoe adopted the autobiographical form and made full use of his long trained journalistic skill by describing things in great detail and by using specific time and space. The following excerpt shows how Robinson makes a raft with concrete descriptionDefoe’s style is characterized by a plain, smooth, easy, direct, and almost colloquial but never coarse language. His words are much closer to the vernacular of rambling sentences without strong pauses to give his style an urgent, immediate, breathless quality, but the units of meaning are small and clear with frequent repetition so that the writing gives an impression of simple lucidity. In his novels, as in his own life, actions or people in action are stressed; there is not much plot or portrayal of characters, except the exact journalistic account of the daily, trivial happenings. In all, Defoe is not an artist, but he is definitely an excellent storyteller. He is the first important novelist in English literary history with his realistic views on novel writing that has influenced many generations.4. AUnit 3 & 41. Romantic age is the age of the following statements exceptA humanitarian idealismB radical individualismC age of reasonD age of imagination2. Lake poets are the following poets exceptA KeatsB WordsworthC ColeridgeD Southey3. Although lived in a remote rural country in Scotland, he is the real forefather of English Romanticism, he isA. BurnsB. KeatsC. ByronD. Shelly4. William Wordsworth wrote a preface expounding his theories of what made good poetry. These theories contain the following principles except:A. All good poems should be “the spontaneous overflow feeling.”B. The poems should be the reflection of feelings, thoughts, and experiences of the other people.C. Poetry should be in high degree of imagination.D. Poetry should “takes all its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”5._____defines the poet as "man speaking to men," and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats6._____is regarded as a "worship of nature".A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Jane Austen7.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified in to two groups: poems about nature and poems about________.A. loveB. human lifeC. freedomD. social activities8. Answer the questions concerned with William Wordsworth’s I wondered lonely as a cloud.1)In what sense are “cloud” and “ I” comparable?2)Why does the poet repeat “ dance” for several times?3)What does the shift of tense suggest?Answer1-5 B A A B B 6-7 C B8.1) we are joyful. We both move and express ourselves freely.2) It suggests the harmony between man and nature.3) the tense shifts from past to present and then to future. It suggests the poetic process fromnature to imagination and then to poetic production.Unit 5 & 61. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet finds out some weak points about herself in the process of judging others. Which of the following is NOT a weak point of hers?A. Blindness.B. Partiality.C. Snobbishness.D. Prejudice.2. In the conversation with his wife in Chapter One of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a(n) ______ tone with sarcastic humor.A. solemnB. harshC. arrogantD. teasing3. Choose the one from the four immortal odes which is not written by Keats . __________A. Ode to the West WindB. Ode to a NightingaleC. Ode to AutumnD. Ode on a Grecian UrnAnswer CDAUnit 7 &81. As a literary figure, John Rivers appears in _______.A. Fielding’s Tom JonesB. Dickens’s Oliver TwistC. Bronte’s Jane EyreD. Austen’s Pride and Prejudice2. This novel is autobiographical to some extent, because it is known to embody many of the early experiences ofDickens, although it is not an exact autobiography, it isA. Oliver TwistB. Great ExpectationsC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House3. The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’s works lies in his ______.A. social criticismB. optimismC. character-portrayalD. social setting4. The author of the work “Dombey and Son” is _________.A. Charles DickensB. Henry JamesC. Robert Lee FrostD. Ezra Pound5. Pip, Estella, Havisham, Magwitch, and Joe Gargery are most likely names of characters in_______.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. Bleak HouseD. Great Expectations6. Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______.A. Great ExpectationsB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Bleak HouseD. Oliver TwistDecide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers (F or T) in the brackets.1. The greatest English critical realist is Charles Dickens .( )2. Both Charlotte Bronte and her sister Emily Bronte were well knownnovelists.( )3. Jane Austen is one of the male novelists who drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels .( )4. Jane Austen’s masterpiece is Pride and Prejudice .( )Analyze the characters:David CopperfieldAnswerC C C A B B TTFTDavid Copperfield David Copperfield narrates his story as an adult yet relays the impressions he had from a youthful point of view. Readers can see how David’s perception of the w orld deepens as he comes of age. David, for instance, is ignorant of Steerforth’s treachery at the beginning, but later readers can feel that David does not think Steerforth deserves David’s adulation. Though David always keeps the virtue of honesty, kindliness, and so on, which are considered as good virtues of human beings, he also has moments of cruelty, like the scene in which he intentionally distresses Mr. Dick by explaining Miss Betsey’s dire situation to him. David, especially as a young man in love, can be foolish and romantic. As he grows up, however, he develops a more mature point of view and searches for a lover who will challenge him and help him grow. David fully matures as an adult when he expressesthe sentiment that he values Agnes’s calm tranquility over all else in his life. In a word, in David’s first-person narration, Dickens conveys the wisdom of the older man’s implicitly through the eyes of a child.Unit 9Unit 111. I n Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually a ppear as________.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers2. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale RomanceThe Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is____, therefore, self-reliant.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-lookingAnswer B B CUnit 14______is considered by H.L. Mencken as "the true father of our national literature."A. HemingwayB. PoeC. IrvingD. TwainMark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a _______language.A. grandB. pompousC. simpleD. vernacularAnswer D DUnit 15As a naturalist writer, Theodore Dreiser was greatly influenced by _______.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Charles DarwinC. Henry JamesD. Ralph Waldo EmersonThe following belong to “The Lost Generation” except _______.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. Theodore DreiserD. William Carlos WilliamsAnswer BC。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。
（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。
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For ambitious reader
further reading The whole book of Oliver Twist , David Copperfield , A Tale of Two
英语电影片段赏析（Excerpt) 英语电影对白练习（Dictation）
Questions for Discussion
1. What do you think happened in workhouses during the reign of Queen Victoria?
2. Do you know anything about the “Poor Law”?
制片人(producer)：罗纳德·尼姆(Ronald Neame) 安东尼·哈夫洛克·阿伦(Anthony Havelock-Allan)
导演(director)：大卫·里恩(David Lean)
电影故事梗概（Synopsis）
（见教材）
English Movies Appreciation (英语电影欣赏)
Oliver Twist
Oliver Twist criticizes the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life.
《奥利弗·退斯特》 /《雾都孤儿》
《奥利弗·退斯特》或《雾都孤儿》是 狄更斯的第一部重要的社会问题小说。
电影《雾都孤儿》 Oliver Warwick Film Productions Ltd.)出品， 本版被公认为最佳版本
主演(starring)：罗伯特·牛顿(Robert Newton) 亚历克·吉尼斯(Alec Guinness) 约翰·霍华德·戴维斯(John Howard Davies)
作品特点：这部作品以奥利弗的种种遭遇为 主线，揭示了资本主义社会中儿童在肉体和 精神上所受到的严重摧残。同时，小说以伦 敦为背景，描写了各种人物和事件，真实地 反映了当时英国社会生活的许多侧面。
片断赏析
所选片断讲的是，有一天，在济贫院长期 吃不饱、饥饿难耐的孤儿们用抽签方式抽 中奥利弗向管事提出再添一点食物，结果， 在院内引起轩然大波，管理层的董事会董 事们气急败坏、如临大敌，急欲置奥利弗 于死地而后快。作家以生动的描写和夸张 的手法，反映了儿童在济贫院中的痛苦生 活；用讽刺的语言，揭露了资产阶级和所 谓慈善家的丑恶嘴脸和虚伪本性。
Related Literary Terms (相关文学术语)
Critical Realism in England
Critical Realism(批判现实主义)
(1)Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (2) It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues. (3) Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality. (4)Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.
Unit 3 英美文学与电影(Charles Dickens)
Contents
Related Literary Terms Charles Dickens Oliver Twist
English Movies Appreciation Questions for Discussion For ambitious reader
His Works
Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》, David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲儿》, Dombey and Son《董贝父子》, a Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》, Bleak House《荒凉山庄》, Hard Times《艰难时世》, Great Expectations《远大前程》, Our Mutual Friends《我们共同的朋友》, The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》, Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》, The Pickwick Papers《匹克威 克外传》
Charles Dickens 查尔斯·狄更斯 (1812—1870)
(1)He is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. (2)His works are intended to exposed and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness of the 19th –century England, particularly London. (3) All his works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.
Cities