定语从句重点难点解析

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(完整版)定语从句语法详解

定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。

从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。

其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。

the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。

二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。

定语从句的10个难点

定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is theboy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost thegame, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语Thepen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the firstfilm that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。

高中英语定语从句--知识点、难点与考点解析

高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that主语Whom which that宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2．关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。

例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

定语从句的重点和难点

定语从句的重点和难点语法要点The Attributive Clauses (定语从句)定语从句在前面已经讨论过．本单元要讨论的是重点和难点．一个简单句在关系代词的引导下, 在句中作定语修饰某一名词或代词, 这样的句子叫定语从句．根据定语从句与先行词的关系是否紧密, 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句．1．先行词与关系词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词．引导名词性从句和状语从句的词叫连词, 而引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 由于关系词在从句中的作用不同, 又分为关系代词和关系副词．关系词的作用：1) 引导 (位于从句句首)2) 指代 (指代句某一名词, 或全句)3) 成分 (在从句中的成分)2．使用关系词时要注意以下问题定语从句中, 关系代词在从句中作主语, 其后的谓语的人称和数要与先行词保持一致．【例】My father, who is over 90 years old, is respected by all．我的父亲今年九十多岁了, 受到了大家的尊敬．Here's a letter from Mr Brown, who wants to come to Paris．有一封布朗先生的来信, 他要来巴黎．3．关系词在定语从句中的用法1) 关系代词who 引导的定语从句who指人, 在从句中作主语．【例】The girl who took you to my place is my friend.带你来我这的那个女孩是我朋友．2) 关系代词whom引导的定语从句whom指人, 在从句中作宾语．【例】The young men whom he employs are always complaining about their long hours．他雇佣的那群年轻人老是抱怨工作时间长．3) 关系代词whose引导的定语从句whose表示所属关系, 指人或指物, 在从句中作定语．【例】The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him．这部电影是关于一个间谍, 其妻子背叛了他．4) 关系代词that引导的定语从句that指人或指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语．【例】 All the apples that fall down are eaten by the pigs．所有掉在地上的苹果都被猪吃了．The young lady that wears a blue blouse is a singer．穿蓝色罩衣的年轻妇女是一位歌手．5) 关系代词which引导的定语从句．which指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语．【例】The stairs which lead to the language lab are rather slippery．通往语言室的楼梯有点滑．6) 关系副词when引导的定语从句．when表示时间, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, hour等) ．【例】We won't forget the days when we stayed with you．我们不会忘记我们相处的日子．7) 关系副词where引导的定语从句．where表示地点, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, square等) ．【例】The house where Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest．鲁迅曾住过的房子已经变为名胜了．8) 关系副词how引导的定语从句how表示方式, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示方式的名词 (如way, method等) ．【例】That is the way how they overcame the difficulty．那就是他们如何克服这个困难的方法．9) 关系副词why引导的定语从句why表示原因, 在从句中作状语, 常常修饰表示原因的名词(如reason等) ．【例】I don't know the reason why he said that．我不知道他那样讲的原因．10) 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词whom (人) ／which (物) , 在从句中作状语．【例】Mr．Jones, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments．我为琼斯先生工作, 他在付超时工资时, 很慷慨．I bought a dozen of eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box at my door．我买了一打鸡蛋, 当我在门口撂箱子时, 其中六个破了．11) 关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as引导的定语从句, 常常有固定的句式：as you know (正如你知道的那样) as anybody can see (人人都会明白) , as is well known (众所周知) , as is said above (如上所述) such…as… (像……一样) , (the same…as…同……一样) 等．【例】As is well known to all, China is a developing country．众所周知, 中国是一个发展中国家．She comes from Africa, as can be seen from her skin．她来自非洲, 从她的皮肤就可以看出．4．非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词的关系是否紧密, 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句．非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系松散, 只是补充说明, 书写时常常使用逗号隔开, 翻译时常常译为并列句．关系代词that 不引导非限制性定语从句．【例】Mr Smith, who came to see us yesterday, is a relativeof my wife．史密斯是我妻子的一个亲戚, 昨天他来看望我们了．They are coming back to us, which means that they have been refused elsewhere．他们回来找我们了, 那意味着他们在别的地方已被拒绝．注意, 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句不同：限制性定语从句一般有先行词, 定语从句紧随其后, 不使用逗号分开, 翻译成中文时, 一般把定语从句翻译在被修饰词(即先行词) 前面．而非限制性定语从句可有也可没有先行词, 一般使用逗号隔开, 可把定语从句翻译在被修饰词 (即先行词) 前面, 也可以翻译在其后, 作为附加说明．有时, 对两者的理解还会产生歧义．【例】Lao Wang's brother who is twenty years old is a PLA man．老王的那位20岁的弟弟是一位解放军战士． (不只一个兄弟)Lao Wang's brother, who is twenty years old, is a PLA man．老王的弟弟今年20岁, 他是一位解放军战士． (不清楚有几个兄弟) 5．关系代词that与which的区别1) 尽管现代英语的发展很快, 人们尽量去忽视那些不必要的区别, 但是, 作为考试, 有时还会出现that和which的辨析．请注意下列情况：①先行词是不定代词all, something, anything, everything, none, the one, little, much等时, 要用that/who/whom, 而不用which．【例】All that heard the news was delighted.所有听到这个消息的人都很高兴．Is there anything that I can do for you?我能为您做点什么？②先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which．【例】He was the best king that ever ruled the country．他是曾统治过这个国家的最好的一位国王．③先行词前有序数词修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which．【例】This is the fifth book that I have ever written．这是我写好的第五本书．④先行词前有形容词only, very, few, little, no, right等修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which．【例】She was the only person that was invited to the palace．⑤先行词既指人, 又指物时, 只能使用that．【例】They talked about things and persons that they remember at school．他们谈论了他们记起的上学时的人和事．2) 注意用which不用that的情况：①在非限制性定语从句中．【例】She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise．她取得了很大进步并获得了奖金, 这使我们很惊讶．②在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中, 必须使用which．【例】This is the knife with which John hurt somebody．这就是约翰伤人的那把刀．③当关系词后面有插入语时．【例】Here is the ALD which, as I have told you, is a great help to you．这是《牛津高级学者字典》, 正如我告诉你的那样, 对你会有很大的帮助．3) 在下列情况下, 只许用关系代词who, 而不使用that：①先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people等时．【例】Those who are from Qingdao come this way．从青岛来的人, 这边走．②当先行词后有较长的后置定语时, 或定语从句被分隔时．【例】A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German．明天就要来一位老师, 他将教你们德语．③当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时, 关系代词多使用who．【例】Is there anybody else who should be invited?还有没有要邀请的别人呢？④当先行词是集合名词时, 如果着眼于集体, 使用that／which; 如果着眼于个体, 则使用who．【例】Our team, which took the second place last year, played better this year．我们队去年取得第二名, 今年打的比去年好．Our team, who are all under the age of twenty, will do well in the final match．我们队的队员都不到20岁, 将在决赛中好好打．4) 关系代词as和which的区别①二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句, 用来修饰或限制整个主句的内容, 有时可以互换使用．【例】He is a foreigner, as/which I know from his accent．从他的口音我知道他是个外国人．②定语从句放在句首时, 只用as, 不能使用which．【例】As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can．正如人人所见, 计算机几乎可以做人能做的事．③当非限制性定语从句为否定句时, 常用which引导．【例】Mr．Zhang usually criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn't like at all．张老师经常在公开场合批评玛丽, 这是她根本不喜欢的．④当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时, 常使用which引导．【例】Little Bob always tells a lie, which his parents find strange．小鲍勃总是说谎, 这使他的父母感到很吃惊．⑤当as在从句中作主语时, 后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态; 如果从句中是主动语态, 一般多使用which．【例】She has been late again, as was expected.她又迟到了, 这在意料之中．Tom made great progress in Chinese, which made us delighted.汤姆的中文取得了很大的进步, 这使我们很高兴．。

高中定语从句超详细讲解+例句

!"#$%Attributive ClauseI. !"#$%&⼀、定义在复合句中，⽤以修饰名词或代词（充当定语）的从句，被称为定语从句。

例如：(1)English is a useful language.（其中形容词useful作定语修饰名词language）English is a language which helps people to communicate effectively with others.（其中“which … others”为定语从句，修饰language）(2)He told me something important.（其中形容词important作定语修饰不定代词something）He told me something that I would never forget.（其中“that … forget”为定语从句修饰不定代词something）在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词被称为先⾏词；引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。

重点1.如果没有先⾏词（即被修饰的名词或代词），定语从句也就不存在了。

2.定语从句的关系词都必须在从句中充当⼀定的成分。

⼆、分类定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和⾮限定性定语从句。

1. 限定性定语从句：与主句关系紧密，往往直接跟在先⾏词之后，起到限定的作⽤；2. ⾮限定性定语从句：以逗号“，”隔开主句，主从句的关系相对松散，从句往往只是对先⾏词的补充说明，对主句的意思影响不⼤。

**⼀些⾮限定性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句整句句⼦。

例如：(1) The watch I bought in Switzerland works quite well. 我在瑞⼠买的那块表⾛得不错。

(2) He gave me a vase, which strikes my fancy. 他送了我⼀只花瓶，我很中意。

(3) My father’s old watch gains a bit, as is often the case. 我爸的表快了点，这是常有的事。

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定语从句重点难点解析定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点，也是历年高考的热点。

为了帮助学生掌握定语从句的用法，提高综合运用英语的能力，笔者特作一下整理归纳和讲解，以期读者注意以下问题。

I.主语和谓语一致1、关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。

例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2、在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3、在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。

例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.II.关系代词的省略在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时在口语中可以省略。

在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。

例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.The finger (that )I put into my mouth was not the one (that)I had dipped into the cup. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865. His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.III. 正确使用that 和which1、that 指物，有时也可以指人,which 指物，不能指人。

Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that 则不能。

例如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?(正)Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?（误）The room in which she lives is a large one.（正）The room in that she lives is a large one.（误）2、先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词next, last, very, any, little, no 等修饰时，用that 不用which引导定语从句。

例如：This is the best film that I have seen.（正）This is the best film which I have seen.（误）3、先行词是all, much, little, none等时，用that而不用which引导定语从句。

例如：That’s all that I want to say.（正）That’s all which want to say.（误）4、先行词是不定代词something, anything, anything, everything时，一般用that而不用which引导定语从句。

例如：Is there anything that you want in this shop?（正）Is there anything which you want in this shop?（误）注：当something表示具体的事物，重要的东西，重要的人物等确定意义时，它是名词，关系代词用that 或which均可。

例如：There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium.5、先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句。

例如：He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.（误）6、先行词本身是that 时，一般用which引导定语从句。

例如：The predicate is that which is said of the subject.7、在who开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。

Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?8、当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。

例如：Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.IV.定语从句要用关系词引导。

I have three friends, none of whom can speak French.（正）I have three friends, none of them can speak French.（误）注：若把逗号“，”改为分号“；”误句也就变为正确的句子了。

V.先行词受such, the same 修饰时，通常用as 引导定语从句。

This is not such a book as I want.This is the same book as I want.试比较：the same…as 与the same …thatThis is the same knife as I lost.这把刀跟我丢的是一模一样的。

（两把刀）This is the same knife that I lost.这把刀就是我丢的。

（一把刀）VI. as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别。

as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。

as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末；which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。

as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用；which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时，一般用which。

例如：As we all know ,China is a country with a long history.China is a country with a long history, as is known to us all.Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.VII.用关系代词还是关系副词先行词是表时时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。

如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定与从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。

例如：This is the school where Mr Cheng works.This is the school that Mr Cheng set up ten years ago.I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr Isaak.That was the reason that he gave me yesterday.That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.注：1 关系副词一般可以改为“介词+which”。

例如：The reason why/for which I didn’t come this morning is that it rained hard.October, 1st 1949 was the day when/on which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.This was the city where /in which he was taken away by the enemy.注：2 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。

注：3 关系代词that 有一种特殊的用法。

That 在限制性定语从句中可以作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式,代替when , where, why,或“介词+which”。

例如：We will never forget the year that(= when)SARS broke out in China.That is the place that(=where)the health workers fought against SARS.This was the reason that(=why)there were over 2000 SARS cases in Beijing.That was the way that (=in which) we fought against SARS.注：4 from where中的where 为关系代词。

例如：He stood near the north window, from where he could see the whole garden.He climbed up to the top of the temple, from where he could see nothing but trees.。