汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点 Microsoft Word 文档
英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲
1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。
2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。
3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life.译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。
青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。
4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。
这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。
5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。
6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头•重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
英汉互译期末复习
英汉互译期末复习一、翻译下列短语tourist visa 旅游签证special report 专题报道circus performance 马戏lyric poem 抒情诗internal combustion engine 内燃机Parataxis 意合Joseph Needham 李约瑟fundamental issue 基本问题theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱The Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥village head 村长diplomatic passport 外交护照senior nurse 主任护士network transaction 网络交易area of news coverage 现场采访chain reaction 连锁反应data highway 信息高速公路 a stick-and –carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策老乡fellow-townsman 公务员civil service头条新闻top/headline news 事倍功半half result with double efforts勿靠近车门keep clear of door 入境签证entry visa阶梯教室lecture theatre 免税商店duty-free shop安全检查security check 情人节the Valent ine’s Day元宵节the Lantern Festival 沉默是金Silence is golden杂技表演acrobatic performance 执行主席executive chairman科技英语English for science and technology经济舱Economy Class商务舱Business Class功臣the great contributor 武术martial art出发点starting point 室温room temperature蜀南竹海the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan澳门Macao 归化adaptation红糖brown sugar二、翻译下列句子1.44、The odds are against such hopes being realized.实现这些希望的可能性很小。
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
汉英翻译期末复习重点句子翻译
1. 鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍鱼而去熊掌者也。
As delicacies, both fish and bear’s paws are what I want. But if I were forced to choose between them, I would prefer the latter to the former(But if I had only one alternative…)2. （…黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。
）见渔人，乃大惊；问所从来，具答之。
(The villagers, both old and young, looked happy and pleased with themselves.)Upon seeing the fisherman, they were startled, asking from where he came, and he answered their question patiently.3. 抚军亦厚赉成。
不岁数，田百顷，楼阁万椽，牛羊各千计。
As a compensation for his loss of son. Fujun(the military officer)bestowed him a big favor by giving him a lot of money. A few years later he became a man of property, owning hundreds of hectares of farmland, numerous spacious houses, and a large flock of sheep and cattle.4. 项王泣数行下，左右皆泣，莫能仰视。
Xiang, the military lord, wept his loss of the battle, with tears running down on his face. His attendant generals and soldiers, lowering their heads, just followed suit.5. 子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎？If you don’t believe me, I will show you my prowess. Please you walk after me, and you’ll see all the beasts be scared away by my presence.6. 明日，徐公来，熟视之，自以为不如;窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是承受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech. 例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5傅雷：1951年在《高老头•重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means ―not to alter the original words and sentences‖, strictly speaking, it strives ―to keep the sentiments and style of the original‖.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头重译本序》中提出―以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于 kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2) 打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌 to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于 keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于 paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑 to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如：手忙脚乱 in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。
1) 粗枝大叶: with big branches and large leaves to be crude and careless2) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness to get into every hole3) 扬眉吐气 to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated) 灯红酒绿 with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious5) 大张旗鼓 to make a great array of flags and drums on a large and spectacular scale6) 海阔天空(to talk) at random with a vast sea and a boundless sky7) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景, 有的成语在字面上就含中国古代的人名, 地名, 有的出自寓言或历史的典故.对这部分成语, 字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的. 如加上解释性文字, 就失去了成语精练的特点. 我们最好的办法就是绕开其文化背景, 直接译出其真正的内含意义. 1) 毛遂自荐to volunteer one’s service2) 叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears3) 南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy4) 四面楚歌 to be besieged on all sides5) 锱铢必较to haggle over every penny6) 罄竹难书(of crime) too numerous to mention7) 初出茅庐at the beginning of one’s career8) 倾国倾城 to be exceedingly beautiful9) 悬梁刺股 to be extremely hard-working in one’s study10) 东施效颦 crude imitation with ludicrous effect3.套译法。
指套用译语中某个与汉语成语喻义相近的成语来进行翻译的方法。
可分为：1) 两个成语的字面意义和蕴含意义基本一致。
如：赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water七颠八倒at sixes and sevens滴水穿石constant dripping wears away the stone垂头丧气 in low spirits杂乱无章 out of order英雄所见略同 Great minds think alike.2) 两个成语的比喻形象有所差异，但比喻意义基本一致。
如：小题大做 make a mountain out of a molehill洗心革面 turn over a new leaf过河拆桥 kick down the ladder乳臭未干 be wet behind the ears，格格不入 be like square pegs in round holes 大发雷霆blow one’s top横行霸道throw one’s weight about物以类聚 Birds of a feather flock together.一文不名without a penny to one’s name弱不禁风 as weak as water山穷水尽 at the en d of one’s rope扬眉吐气to hold one’s head high3) 汉语成语原本是翻译的产物，因此可直接以英语成语回译之。
如：君子协定a gentleman’s agreement滚石不生苔A rolling stone gathers no moss.吠犬不咬人 A barking dog never bites.火中取栗 pull the chestnuts out of the fire4.加注法。
它是在译文中添加读者理解成语所需的文化信息和背景知识，其特点在于既能保留成语的比喻形象和文化蕴含，又能确保译文容易为译语读者所理解接受。
5.增译法。
指在译文中直接增补理解成语所需的相关信息。
总而言之, 翻译汉语成语时, 为了保留原文形象, 能直译则尽量直译, 即按字面翻译；不能直译时, 我们也不能因词害义, 可以翻译其实际意义；如能在英文中找到意义完全对等的成语, 我们也可采用这种套译法。
一般来说, 正规文体中, 汉语成语多采用形象的逐字翻译；非正规文体中, 多采用简洁的大意翻译。
.6.2 四字格的翻译策略四字格又称四字结构，是汉语的一种独特的词汇现象。
它是由四个汉字组成的词语。
其词语内部的组合关系也相对稳定。
四字格包括汉语中所有四个字组成的词语结构，也就包括了四字成语。
虽然成语也有三字成语和多字成语，但大多数成语是四字结构，因此四字格和成语的翻译方法有不少共同之处。
但值得注意的是，有不少四字结构或前后两部分意义重复，或前后两部分只具备整体意义。
翻译时只需译出一个意义或整体意义，以避免译文累赘。
如生动活泼lively 光辉灿烂brilliant植树造林afforestation 繁荣昌盛prosperous丰功伟绩 great achievements风调雨顺 good weather for the crops声嘶力竭 o shout oneself hoarse 心灰意懒 to feel disheartened 鸡皮疙瘩goose-flesh天长地久 as old as the hills总之，四字格的翻译是灵活多样的，既要照顾形式，也不必拘泥于形式。
但也不能完全不顾形式造成滥译和误译，必须以语义相符、功能相似为客观标准，尽可能使译文自然、贴切，可读性强。
如以下四字格及供参考译文：质地优良 to be excellent in quality / with superior quality品种齐全 in complete range of articles 选料考究 choice material做工精细 fine workmanship 色泽鲜明 bright-colored货到付款 payment against arrival 名牌产品 name brand product驰名中外 to be popular both at home and abroad 久负盛名 with a long standing reputation万古流芳 will be remembered throughout the age名垂青史 to go down in history家喻户晓 o be widely known假冒产品 fake goods 伪劣产品 low-quality goods欢迎订购 order welcome投资热点 investment hot spot 敬请光临You’re i nvited to come.工业园区 industrial Park经济特区 special economic zone土地租赁 land lease国有资产 state assets无形资产 intangible assets物价指数 price-rise index开拓进取 to work hard with a pioneering spirit德才兼备 with both professional ability and political integrity公平竞争 fair competition国家机关 state agency惩治腐败 to combat corruption暂行条例 interim regulations合法权益 lawful right and interest长治久安 to maintain long-term stability3.6.2. 谚语的翻译(一) 直译方法, 把原文的内容,形式和精神都输入到译文中去, 努力减少翻译中的损失。