英语语法之主谓一致

英语语法之主谓一致

(一)以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致

1：以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称

●疾病名称：arthritis〔关节炎〕，rickets〔软骨病〕等这类名词通常作单数用

Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

●游戏名称：cards,darts等也通常作单数用

Darts is essentially a free and easy game.

2;以-ics结尾的学科名称，例如,physics,mathematics,mechanics等名词通常做单数用

Physics is an important subject in middle schoo l.

3；以-s结尾的地理名称，例如，the Unite States,the United Nations等名词作单数用

注：但若不是国名，而是群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等，通常作复数用

The West Indies ,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.

4:其他以-s结尾的名词

●剪刀，裤子，眼镜等名词通常作复数用，但如果带有单位词，由单位词的单复数形

式决定动词的单复数形式

如：One pair of scissors is not enough.

Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small ,are missing from my tool box.

●英文中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如：archives档案，arms武器，clothes, contents

内容、目录，eaves屋檐，fireworks烟花，goods货物，minutes记录，morals道德，remains遗体，stairs楼梯，suburbs郊区，thanks, wages等通常作复数用

如:The archives of this society are kept in the basement.

〔但也有少数这类名词可以单复数同行，如：whereabouts行踪，dramatics舞台艺术〕

●凡是-ings结尾的名词，如clippings剪下来的东西，diggings掘出来的东西，earnings

收入，filings 锉屑，lodgings租住的房间，surroundings, sweepings等通常作复数用如：The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.

●还有一些以-s结尾的单复数名词如：barracks营房，headquarters总部，means, series

系列，species , workers工厂等，随后动词的单复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是复数。如：

A barracks was stormed袭击by the enemy troops.

Two barracks in the suburbs have been surrounded.

〈注：remains用于遗体意思时，随后的动词用复数，但如果是遗迹或剩余物时单复数均可用

如：He remains lie in the churchyard

Here is the remains of temple.〉

(二)以集体名词作主语的主谓一致

1：通常作复数的集体名词

如:police, people, cattle, militia名兵，poultry家禽，vermin害虫等

Domestic cattle provide us with milk ,beef and hides.

2:通常作不可数名词的集体名词

如：foliage机械，machinery, equipment , furuiture, merchandise商品，随后的动词用单数The merchandise has arrived undamaged.

3:即可作单数又可作复数的集体名词

如:audience, committee ,class, family, government, public

The city council is meeting to set its agenda.

〔注：如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，动词用复数

That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit

That group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance. 〕

4:a committee of等+复数名词

如果主语由a committee of/a panel of /a board of+复数名词构成，随后动词用单数

A committee of five men and there women is to consider the matter.

A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge this competition. It is meeting tomorrow.

(三)以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题

1：由and/both….and连接的并列主语

●由and或both…and连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数

The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.

Both Pauline and her son Bob have gone fishing on Miramar Lake.

●有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数

Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.

What I say and think are no business of yours.

●当and连接的并列的词组带有each, every, 或者many a 等限定词时，随后的动词

通常用单数

Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.

Many a man and a woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.

2:由or/nor/either…or等连接的并列的主语按照就近原则

My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.

Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.

3:主语+as much as，as much as, rather than , more than, ,no less than等