英语语法之主谓一致

英语语法之主谓一致(一)以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致1：以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称●疾病名称：arthritis〔关节炎〕，rickets〔软骨病〕等这类名词通常作单数用Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.●游戏名称：cards,darts等也通常作单数用Darts is essentially a free and easy game.2;以-ics结尾的学科名称，例如,physics,mathematics,mechanics等名词通常做单数用Physics is an important subject in middle schoo l.3；以-s结尾的地理名称，例如，the Unite States,the United Nations等名词作单数用注：但若不是国名，而是群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等，通常作复数用The West Indies ,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.4:其他以-s结尾的名词●剪刀，裤子，眼镜等名词通常作复数用，但如果带有单位词，由单位词的单复数形式决定动词的单复数形式如：One pair of scissors is not enough.Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small ,are missing from my tool box.●英文中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如：archives档案，arms武器，clothes, contents内容、目录，eaves屋檐，fireworks烟花，goods货物，minutes记录，morals道德，remains遗体，stairs楼梯，suburbs郊区，thanks, wages等通常作复数用如:The archives of this society are kept in the basement.〔但也有少数这类名词可以单复数同行，如：whereabouts行踪，dramatics舞台艺术〕●凡是-ings结尾的名词，如clippings剪下来的东西，diggings掘出来的东西，earnings收入，filings 锉屑，lodgings租住的房间，surroundings, sweepings等通常作复数用如：The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.●还有一些以-s结尾的单复数名词如：barracks营房，headquarters总部，means, series系列，species , workers工厂等，随后动词的单复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是复数。

如：A barracks was stormed袭击by the enemy troops.Two barracks in the suburbs have been surrounded.〈注：remains用于遗体意思时，随后的动词用复数，但如果是遗迹或剩余物时单复数均可用如：He remains lie in the churchyardHere is the remains of temple.〉(二)以集体名词作主语的主谓一致1：通常作复数的集体名词如:police, people, cattle, militia名兵，poultry家禽，vermin害虫等Domestic cattle provide us with milk ,beef and hides.2:通常作不可数名词的集体名词如：foliage机械，machinery, equipment , furuiture, merchandise商品，随后的动词用单数The merchandise has arrived undamaged.3:即可作单数又可作复数的集体名词如:audience, committee ,class, family, government, publicThe city council is meeting to set its agenda.〔注：如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，动词用复数That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unitThat group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance. 〕4:a committee of等+复数名词如果主语由a committee of/a panel of /a board of+复数名词构成，随后动词用单数A committee of five men and there women is to consider the matter.A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge this competition. It is meeting tomorrow.(三)以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题1：由and/both….and连接的并列主语●由and或both…and连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.Both Pauline and her son Bob have gone fishing on Miramar Lake.●有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.What I say and think are no business of yours.●当and连接的并列的词组带有each, every, 或者many a 等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.Many a man and a woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.2:由or/nor/either…or等连接的并列的主语按照就近原则My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.3:主语+as much as，as much as, rather than , more than, ,no less than等随后动词依主语本身的单复数而定Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.His brother rather than his parents is to blame.4:主语+as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except 等引导的词组，其后的动词形式取决于主语本身的形式The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.The father，as well as his son，is going to enroll.(四)以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题1：以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语●如果数量概念被看作一个整体动词用单数；被看作组成该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数The treasurer thought that sixty-five dollars was not too much to task.There were six silver dollars in each of stockings●如果作主语的名词词组只由“分数或百分数+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定Two-thirds of the swampland沼泽地has been recalimed开垦for farming.Thirty-five percent of the doctors we women.●两数相减或相除时，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘时，动词可用单数也可用复数。

Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.Forty divided by eight is five.Five times eight is/are forty.●如果主语由“one in/one out of+复数名词”构成在正式语体中，动词用单数；在非正式语体中，动词也可按就近原则用复数One in ten students has failed the exam.One out of twenty was badly damaged.2：以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语●如果主语是all of…,some of…,none of…,half of…,most of…等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。

Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.All of the crew were saved.●如果主语是由“lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of, plenty of+名词”构成，表示“许许多多”等概念是，随后动词的单、复数形式也依of-词组中名词类别而定。

Lots of food is going to waste.Lots of people are waiting outside.●如果主语是由“a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of+名词”构成，不管名词类别为何，动词用单数A substantial portion of the reports is missing.。