庞德意象派诗歌的中国影子_李红丽

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美国现代诗人庞德与中国古代诗歌

美国现代诗人庞德与中国古代诗歌

美国现代诗人庞德与中国古代诗歌摘要:埃兹拉·庞德(ezra pound)是美国著名的现代派诗人。

由他创立的“意象派诗歌”开辟了英美现代诗歌的先河。

时值本世纪初,人们对诗坛上从维多利亚时期以来的伤感情调和无病呻吟普遍感到不满。

正是在这种情况下,庞德以其独特清新的诗歌风格引起了诗坛的广泛瞩目。

中国古典文学对庞德的影响是巨大的,并且始终贯穿于他的诗歌创作的始终。

关键词:意象;庞德;中国文化;影响中图分类号:i222 文献标识码:a文章编号:1005-5312(2012)35-0003-02美国现代诗歌始自埃兹拉·庞德,但这位以勇于创新而闻名遐迩的现代诗人却与世界上历史最悠久的文化传统之一——中国古代诗歌结下了不解之缘。

1912年他在伦敦率先提出了意象主义这个诗歌概念,兴起了意象主义运动。

1914年他又编辑了《意象派诗集》,扩大了意象主义的影响。

此后,他的创作一直走着一条崭新的道路——为现代英语诗歌开辟的一条崭新的道路。

庞德曾把“意象”定义为“一刹那间思想和感情的复合体”。

据他自述他这种创作方法正式受到了中国古代诗歌的影响。

在他的一生中,中国古典文学始终对他的创作起着重大的影响。

庞德最早接触到中国文学是在本世纪初,当时瞿理斯(herbert giles)的《中国文学史》(a history of chinese literature)就引起了他很大兴趣,他对书中所录的刘彻的《落叶哀蝉曲》大为赞赏,不久就出现在他的诗集中。

对此,可以加以比较:刘彻:罗袂兮无声,玉樨兮尘生。

/虚房冷而寂寞,落叶依于重肩。

/望彼美之女兮安得,感余心之未宁。

庞德:绸裙的,瑟再不复闻,灰尘飘落在宫苑里,听不到脚步声,乱叶飞旋着,静静地堆积,她,我心中的欢乐,睡在下面。

一片潮湿的树叶粘在门槛上。

the rusting of silk is discontinued/ dust drifts over the courtyard/ there is no sound of footfall,and the leaves,/ scurry into heaps and lie still;/ and she the rejoicer of the heart is beneath’em,/ a wet leaf that clings to the thresold.庞德改作的前两句是对原文的忠实翻译。

浅谈庞德意象派诗歌的现代性内涵

浅谈庞德意象派诗歌的现代性内涵

浅谈庞德意象派诗歌的现代性内涵论文关键词:庞德意象派现代性论文摘要:庞德虽然从中国古典诗歌中汲取了重要的经验,但是,其诗歌更有着跟中国古典诗歌截然不同的现代性内涵。

庞德诗歌跟中国古典诗歌有相近的技巧,但更有着其独特的现代性想象和深切的现代性焦虑。

作为一个对诗歌现代性和无限可能性有着种种探索的诗人,庞德诗歌和中国古典诗歌的渊源关系并不能被简化地理解,也不能被简单地贴上意象派的标签。

众所周知,意象派代表人物庞德的诗歌跟中国古典诗歌有着密切的渊源关系:庞德作为意象派的首领人物,他对中国古典诗歌的认识得益于东方学家、诗人费诺罗萨(ErnestFenolosa)。

费诺罗萨将大量的日译汉诗译成了英语,但还没来得及整理出版就去世了。

当庞德得到费诺罗萨的遗稿时,他惊奇于中国人的伟大创举,宣称在中国文学里发现了“新希腊”。

庞德发现中国古典诗歌与以他为首的意象派的诗学原则十分吻合,于是,意象派诗人们掀起了一场翻译、学习中国古典诗歌的热潮。

中国诗歌强调含蓄、简约、朦胧、暗示等特征,跟意象派所主张的用“具体的意象来表达、简约、浓缩是诗歌最重要的特征”的观点非常契合。

中国诗歌几百年的艺术实践使庞德仿佛看到了一座大宝藏。

在他们被过度抒情的浪漫主义诗歌折磨得极其不堪的时候,意象叠加等中国诗歌艺术原则使他们看到了诗歌的新可能。

但是,如果一味强调这种继承关系,而忽略了意象派本身所具有的文化立场的话,可能是不得要领的。

所以,我们在理解庞德意象派诗歌和中国古典诗歌的关系时,既要承认渊源关系的存在,更有必要阐明庞德意象派诗歌独特的现代性内涵。

本文将从诗歌的技巧、内涵和诗人身份几个方面来比较庞德意象派诗歌对中国古典诗歌的创造性转化,从而凸显庞德意象派诗歌的现代性特征。

技巧:现代性的想象由于对中国古典诗歌的服膺,庞德诗歌中有着大量跟中国诗歌相似的意象,这让一些人以为庞德是中国诗歌的西方传人。

殊不知,即使是跟中国诗歌有着相同的意象、相近的技巧,庞德诗歌所呈现出来的现代性想象跟中国古典诗歌也是大异其趣的。

意象派风格在庞德《长干行》译文中的体现

意象派风格在庞德《长干行》译文中的体现
不 会遭受 损失 ; 而诉诸读 者耳 朵的部 分 . 则只有 阅读 原作 的 人 才能感受 到的。” 庞德 的这些思想理论 在他对《 长干行》 的
w i t h o u t d i s l i k e o r s u s p i c i o n ” , 译 出 了“ 两 小无嫌 隙 ” , 两个 小
海、 天真 无邪 的 可爱形 象 。 “ 郎骑竹 马来 ” 中“ 竹马” , 庞德译 为“ b a mb 0 o s t i l t s ” , s t i l t 是指“ 高跷 ” , 而 原文 中的是 指用 竹 子
“ 诗 歌意 象” 的理论 . 为东 西方 诗 歌 的互相 借鉴 做 出 了卓越
译 为T h e R i v e r - Me r c h a n t ’ S Wi f e : A L e t t e r .首 先 女 主 人 公 的
贡献 。他在 一定程度上领会 了 中国古典诗 歌的精髓 . 从 中受 到了启发 . 吸取 和借鉴 了其意 象创作 手法 和意境 渲染方 式 。
当马骑 . 所 以这 里 的译 文 不太 合理 。而 “ 青梅 ” 则 是 指没 有
熟 的梅子 。果 子还是 绿 色 .英 文 中 “ 青 ”可 以是 b l u e 或 者
关键 词 : 庞德 翻 译 诗歌 意象 埃 兹拉 ・ 庞德 ( E z r a P o u n d ) , 二 十 世 纪美 国著 名 诗 人 和 文 学评论 家 . 集 写作与 翻译于 一身 . 是意象 派诗 歌运 动的重 要 代表人物 。庞德本人不 懂汉语 . 凭 他人注解所 产生 的意象 和某 些细 节 。成功地从 中国古典 诗歌 、 日本俳 句 中生发 出
为构建意象 派做出 了重大 贡献 作 为 翻译 家 , 庞 德认 为译 诗 需凝 练 、 简洁 , 突 出原 作 之 意象美 和节奏感 同时他认 为翻译 诗歌 必须深 入 到原诗作

庞德诗歌与中国意象论文参考

庞德诗歌与中国意象论文参考

庞德诗歌与中国意象论文参考意象派诗歌运动曾受到日本诗歌的影响.最终转向了中国诗.但日本诗歌在其间起了推动和媒介作用。

最初.美国诗人认为日本诗主要是徘句,徘句十分简炼,美国诗人正好可用来反抗维多利亚冗长的诗风。

但徘句过于简单.文字太少,只能表达单一的意象和瞬间的效果,这样.意象派诗人很快转向了中国古典诗歌.他们逐渐认识到日本诗只不过是“中国诗的一种形式”。

中国诗重视意象,其诗风生动、简练、清朗、恬淡,被称之为“零度诗”。

中国诗歌中那种寓激情于清静的审美趣味,那种不说教、不判断的语言风格.对意象派诗人来说,是富于吸引力的。

正如艾米,洛厄尔所说的,阅读中国诗是“一种令人兴奋和令人鼓舞的事”。

因此,她认为自己从中国诗歌中发现了“一个新的、伟大的文学”。

他们发现中国古诗和意象派诗歌主张十分吻合。

而能给英国矫揉的诗风“以慈悲的致命一击”,也是对后期象征主义趋势的“矫正剂”。

中国古典诗歌中生动新颖的形象,对意象派诗人具有很大的吸引力。

他们认为中国古诗中的形象正是他们所追求的艺术特征。

因为意象派诗歌理论的核心就是意象,这种意象与中国古诗中的形象可以说属于同一审美范畴。

作为意象派领军人物的庞德,其诗作受中国诗歌意象的影响也足巨大的。

1 中国意象“意象”一词是中国古典文艺理论中的一个固有概念。

意象理论在中国起源很早,《周易·系辞》已有“观物取象”、“立象以尽意”之说。

司空图在《诗品·缜密》中也把意象视为意中之象,并认为意象有巧夺天工之妙:“意象欲出,造化已奇。

”宋元诗论家则把“意象说”中的“意”与“象”表述为“情”与“景”,主张“景在情中”,“情在景中”,“景无情不发,情无景不生”。

其后王昌龄、何景明、姜夔等人都在自己的诗擎著作中提到“意象”。

他们的用法虽然各异,但都呈现为象,而非纯概念的说理,“象”指物象,是意象赖以生存的要素。

物象是客观的,但它一旦进入诗人的构思.就带有诗人的主观色彩,并经过诗人的审美筛选和感情化合而成为诗中的意象。

试论埃兹拉·庞德对中国古典诗歌的解读与创译试论埃兹拉·庞德对中国古典诗歌的解读与创译

试论埃兹拉·庞德对中国古典诗歌的解读与创译试论埃兹拉·庞德对中国古典诗歌的解读与创译

试论埃兹拉·庞德对中国古典诗歌的解读与创译试论埃兹拉·庞德对中国古典诗歌的解读与创译独到的见解。

在他一生的诗歌创作中,庞德结合自己意象派诗歌理论,把他对中西方文化的比较探究紧密的结合在一起。

庞德不仅独到的解读了中国古典诗歌,还创译了许多中国经典诗词,使中国古典诗歌在西方大放光芒。

本文试从庞德对中国古典诗歌内涵的解读及其对中国古典诗歌的创造性翻译两个方面来探讨庞德对中国古典诗歌的独特阐释。

关键词:庞德;中国古典诗歌;创译;意象派一、庞德的意象派诗歌理论与中国古典诗歌理论的交汇中国古典诗词理论对“意象”一词的理解是:客观物象经过创作主体独特的审美活动而创造出来的物化或固化后的一种艺术形象;是主体与客体、心与物、意与象的有机融和统一;是融入主观情意的客观物象,或借客观物象表现主观情意;是现实生活的写照,也是审美创造结晶,及情感意念载体;是生活的外在景象与诗人的内在情思的统一;是诗人感情外化的一种表现形式;是有特殊或深刻意义的形象。

笼统地说,意象是思想情感与具体物象的完美结合。

而“意”处于主导地位,“意”决定了“象”,“象”反映了“意”;意源于内心并借助象为依托来表达。

意在象中若隐若现,又仿佛呼之欲出,象却似有心似无意地一勾一画一点一染,而为意增彩而绽放。

所谓“意的暗示,象的契合”就是这个道理。

由此总结,喻意之象的本质,就是一切可入作品的事景物象,与作者的主观情意、趣味、感悟相互融合的再创造、再表现。

庞德在意象派诗歌的创作实践中总结出了意象主义创作的三原则,从理论上肯定了意象主义在美国文学的地位:用精确的语言直接处理诗歌主题;使用简练语言,取消修饰的多余的词语;按照流畅的音乐节奏,而不是节拍节奏来安排诗的韵律。

后来,庞德的漩涡主义发展了意象理论,他认为意象就是一个漩涡,很多思想不断地从其中产生,穿过或者沉入其中。

从以上原则可以看出,意象派诗歌要让诗意在表象的描述中,一刹那间地体现出来。

庞德意象派诗歌风格解析

庞德意象派诗歌风格解析

庞德意象派诗歌风格解析摘要庞德是二十世纪初意象派的领导人,是现代主义文学代表人物。

他在现代诗歌界有深远影响,其意象诗的创作深入人心。

本文首先介绍了意象派的历史由来以及庞德在意象派诗歌发展过程中的地位;再结合意象派诗歌创作理论,指出意象派诗歌的共性;然后通过研读前人从传统修辞学角度对意象诗歌的研究以及庞德本人的诗歌创作理论,结合庞德最具代表性的几篇意象派诗歌这一具体语料,分析概括出庞德意象派诗歌的写作特色,即意象的使用、精炼的语言和音乐性的韵律,并举例证明其写作风格的特殊性;最后讨论了庞德意象派诗歌在国内外的影响。

关键词:意象派;庞德;意象;韵律ABSTRACTEzra Weston Loomis Pound was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry. This paper first introduces the history and the origins of Imagism and Pound‘s status in the process of Imagist Poetry development. It then combines with the creation theory of Imagist Poetry to point out the common characteristics of Imagist Poetry. And then by studying t heir predecessors‘research and Pound‘s own poetry theory, it analyses the writing characteristics of Pond‘s Imagist Poetry: the use of imagery, c oncise language and musical rhythm. And it uses examples to prove the specificity of these characteristics. It finally discusses the influence of Pound‘s Imagist Poetry in domestic and foreign literature.Keywords:Imagism;Ezra Pound; image; musical rhythmContents1. Introduction (1)2. Ezra Pound and Imagism (2)2.1 Ezra Pound (2)2.2Imagism ……………………………………………………………………...….. .43. Imagistic features of Pound's poetry (5)3.1 The use of Image (5)3.1.1 Image progress (6)3.1.2 Image superposition (8)3.1.3 Image juxtaposition (9)3.2 Concise Language (10)3.3 Musical Rhythm (11)4. Influence of Pound’s poetry (12)4.1 The impact on domestic literature (13)4.2 The impact on foreign literature (14)5. Conclusion (16)Acknowledgement. (17)Reference (18)1.IntroductionImagism was a movement in the early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery, and clear, sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. This was in contrast to their contemporaries, the Georgian poets, who were by and large content to work within that tradition. Ezra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry.[1]3His ownsignificant contributions to poetry begin with his declare of Imagism, a movement in poetry which derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry-stressing clarity, precision, and economy of language, and foregoing traditional rhyme and meter in order to, in Pound's words, ―compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of the metronome.‖[2]11As the father of Modernism, Ezra Pound plays an important role in Poetry modernization process. Therefore, we can get a clear understanding of imagism poems by studying Pound‘s poems and translation works. The thesis will focus on studying image to analysis Ezra Pound‘s poems. According to Pound's Imagist poems and other predecessors‘studi es of his works, this thesis will summarize the language characteristics of Pound‘s poetry and analysis his imagist poetry style, so as to provide some theoretical concept from the view of reading, understanding and appreciating modern English poetry, thus making it easier for Chinese readers to appreciate English poetry.The first part summarizes Ezra Pound‘s life and theoretical basis of Imagism. The second part, as analysis of Pound's poetry, departs into three parts—the use of image, concise language and musical rhythm. It introduces three kinds of combination of images, and uses Pound‘s poems to explain the combination of images. The third part is about the influence of Pound poetry on domestic and foreign literature2. Ezra Pound and ImagismAs the father of modernism which is the main stream of literature in the twentieth century, Ezra Pound definitely plays a predominant role in the evolution of modernist poetry. Its starting point is Imagism.Ezra Pound‘s Imagist theory is mainly based on the aesthetic theories proposed by W. B. Yeats, Ford Madox Ford and T. E. Hulme. Yeats is famous for a symbolist who emphasizes subjective conception and imaginative association,but this school tends to lapse into sentimentality; Ford is famous for an impressionist who emphasizes objective writing with clarity and precision, but this school tends to lapse into the level of description. Pound absor bs the strengths of Yeat‘s subjectivity and Ford‘s objectivity and finds a way to make natural objects convey subjective emotion by virtue of association of the mind.2.1 Ezra PoundEzra Pound(1885一1972)was born in Hally, Idaho, in October, 1885.Then he attended Hamilton College and the University of Pennsylvania,where he majored in romance Philology while reading through a large Portion of classical and European literature. Dissatisfied with the genteel tradition and Popular romanticism dominating the American literary tastes,Pound moved to Europe in1908一first to London,then to Paris,and finally to Rapallo, Italy. In 1909,Pound met W. B. Yeats and Ford Madox Ford. He was greatly influenced by these two and tried to combine Yeat‘s symbolism with Ford‘s i mpressionism. About the same period of time, Pound got in touch with T. E. Hulme and became interested in his Poetic theory.All these ideas became the theoretical basis of the well-known Imagist and V ortieist Movement. Later,inspired by American sinologi st Ernest Fenollosa‘s theory on the Chinese writing characters,Pound proposed the Ideogramic Method which was based on the chief principles of the Imagist and V orticist Movement. As the advocate and leader of the movement Pound exerted a great influence on the Imagist poetrywriters. Pound also attempted to combine poetry with music, painting and scu1pture.V ortieism was such a typical example.Ezra Pound is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry. In the early teens of the twentieth century, he opened a seminal exchange of work and ideas between British and American writers, and was famous for the generosity with which he advanced the work of such major contemporaries as W. B. Yeats, Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, H.D., James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway and especially T. S. Eliot. Pound also had a profound influence on Irish writers W. B. Yeats and James Joyce.Pound is not only a poet, but also a translator, essayist and literary critic. His own significant contributions to poetry begin with his promulgation of Imagism, a movement in poetry which derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry which are stressing clarity, precision, and economy of language, and foregoing traditional rhyme and meter in order to, in Pound's words, ―compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of the metronome.‖ His later work, for nearly fifty years, focused on the encyclopedic epic poem he entitled The Cantos, which was regarded as poetic masterpiece of the twentieth century. He is really an original and creative poet in the twentieth century, a literary giant who plays a prominent role in the development of modernist poetry.2.2 ImagismImagism was a poetic movement which flourished in London between 1910 and 1917 and had an enduring and pervasive influence on English-language poetry in the twentieth century.The Imagists published four annual anthologies from 1914to 1917, with a final anthology in 1930. They were led by Ezra Pound who first called them ―Les Imagists‖, choosing a French term to associate the group with the various French avant-garde movements which became the Roger Fry‘s influential Post-Impressionist exhibition in 1910. The group included Hilda Doolittle, John Gould Fletcher, Amy Lowell, Richard Aldington, and, marginally, D. H. Lawrence, but they had only a loose and shifting affiliation and it was mainly Pound‘s talents as a promoter and critic that gave a semblance of unity.Pound‘s favored spelling of Imagists was a gesture of homage to the first school ofmodern poets, the symbolists, whose best-known members were Baudelaire, Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud, but Pound criticized the French Symbolists as often as he praised them. The first principle of Imagism was ―Direct treatment of the thing‖[3]72, clearly in contrast to Mallarme‘s famous dictum that to name a thing was to take away half the pleasure and whereas Verlaine in his ―Art of Poetry‖advised an ―indefinite music‖. Pound spoke for an ―absolute rhythm‖, a rhythm that is in poetry which corresponds exactly to the emotion or shade of emotion to be expressed.Nonetheless, Pound‘s ascorbic but well-judged criticism of his contemporaries, his accurate sense of what was good in verse, and his own aphoristic brilliance, gave this small movement (which was not really even a movement outside of Pound‘s rhetoric) a formative role in defining the twentieth-century poet as someone who was in the intellectual avant-garde, purifying the language of the tribe, spurning flaccid and self-important and merely derived patterns of language use, and generally breaking with the idea of fixed metrical rules. Many of these principleswere clearly articulated in the essay ―Imagism‖ in Poetry (Mar ch 1913) which was offered as an interview-cum-report by F. S. Flint but shows the hand of Pound throughout. According to Flint, the three principles of Imagism were:―1. Direct treatment of the ―thing‖, whether subjective or objective.2. To use absolutely no word that did not contribute to the presentation.3. As regarding rhythm: to compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome. ‖[4]12 In an essay ―A Few Don‘ts b y An Imagist‖ by Pound in the same issue offers a definition o f the Image as ―that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time‖[5]54, the key point being the com pression of intellectual and emotional experience into an instant. He goes on to offer his own set of ―Don‘ts‖: ―Use no supe rfluous word, no adjective, which does not reveal something.Don‘t use such an expression as ―dim land of peace”. It dulls the image. It mixes an abstraction with the concrete. It comes from the writer‘s not realizing that the natural object is always the adequate symbol.Go in fear of abstractions. Don‘t retell in mediocre verse what has already been done in good prose. Don‘t think a ny intelligent person is going to be deceived when you try to shirk all the difficulties of the unspeakably cliff cult art of good prose by chopping your composition into line. ‖[6]313. Imagistic Features of Pound's PoetryImagist poetry has three distinctive artistic characteristics. First, the Imagist poems request to convey the complex imagery directly, use sculpture and painting in the performance ofimagery. It objects to musical and mystery object to lyrics. It advances the ―Do not say‖ and ―Do not you narrative‖[6]9, only to show without comment. Second, the Imagist poems use concise language, no adjectives and qualifier, no decorative ―lace‖and flaunting words. It writes short lines, with imagery. Third, the Imagist poetry Images focus on the intrinsic rhythm of imagery combination, blend the imagery and the contained idea.3.1 The use of ImageThe word ―Image‖ used in the field of literature is derived from the theory of Chinese poetry. It is an important linguistic terms which have been widely used in Chinese poetry. Therefore, when people refer to ―image‖ in literature, it also refers to ―image‖ poetry. P oetry image is the basic constituent element of poetry. It is the soul and essence features of poetry, and it plays a vital role in poetry.Pound‘s work as poet, critic,editor,and promoter of the new style was crucial to its initial period,in the decade around the First World War,and what was most essential to his conception of what was truly modern was a single word: Image. Pound‘s best poems were assured achievement in the Imagist Movement when literature in English became recognizably modern. The modern revolution in literary style came from a main impulse一focus on the image.Aesthetic theorist and imagist poe t T. E. Hulme must be credited with the initial emphasis on the image,for he first formulated the doctrine that ―Images in verse are not mere decoration, but the very essence of an intuitive language.‖[7]79 But Hulme thought of himself as primarily a philosopher, using images as illustrations of ideas. While Pound was always primarilya poet,seeking philosophical justification for his intuitions;and it was Pound who pointed out the best working definition: ―An Image is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an inst ant of time‖.[8]2It was also Pound who showed in practice how far this definition could be carried into the making of short and then longer poems. Pound emphasized the concentration of intellectual and emotional content possible in a poetic image, though it mirrored only a brief moment of experience. He took the image to be the poet‘s ―primary pigment‖and stressed the hardness, or concreteness, of sensory language, telling poets to ―Go in fear of abstractions‖. Besides concreteness, Pound stressed exactness of diction, the mot just of Flaubert, and clarity, and ―As regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of the metronome‖. Thus, along with the image emerged free verse, newly understood as an appropriate organic rhythm, suited to the mood of the individual poem.In short, Pound‘s Imagism was intended to carry symbolism forward towards a greater poetic realism, keeping the poet‘s vision always in touch with the world of his senses, holding firmly to the principle that truth should be visible in things, rather than in visible beyond them.As we all know ancient Chinese poetry and Japanese haiku had an important influence on Pound, especially the ancient Chinese poetry. Pound didn‘t just pay attention to the ?exotic surf ace‘ of the Chinese language but its linguistic nature and the abstract feelings that lie behind it. He not only translated lots of Chinese poems but also learned the useful and particular writing techniques. It can be seen clearly the imitation of the style of Chinese poetry from Pound‘ poems.In the following text I will focus on three types of combination of image--image progress, image superposition and image juxtaposition. These three modes of combination of image are very typical East or Chinese-style image, which is characterized by only using nouns rather than verbs. This image processing techniques in ancient poetry in China is nothing unusual or surprising. And they are also wildly used in Pound‘s poetry and become his representative features.3.1.1Image ProgressImage progress is a combination of images which structured in accordance with the objective rule. It is a common writing technique used by ancient Chinese poets.For example, the famous Chinese poetry《敕勒歌》:“敕勒川,阴山下,天似穹庐,笼盖四野。

庞德意象派诗歌的中国影子_李红丽

庞德意象派诗歌的中国影子_李红丽

庞德意象派诗歌的中国影子_李红丽庞德意象派诗歌的中国影子李红丽埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound)是英美诗坛20世纪初叶现代诗歌最重要的代表。

1912年,庞德和几个英美诗人在伦敦发起了“意象派运动”,成为英美现代诗歌的先驱。

庞德长期热衷于中国古典哲学和诗歌的研究。

他发现中国古诗和意象派诗歌主张十分吻合。

中国古诗中的意象正是他们所追求的艺术特征。

意象派诗歌理论的核心就是意象,这与中国古诗中的意象可以说属于同一种审美范畴。

作为意象派领军人物,庞德创作受中国古典诗歌影响巨大,处处可见中国诗歌的影子。

一.意象“意象”一词是中国古典文化理论中的一个概念。

意象理论在中国起源很早,《周易·系词》已有“观物取象”、“立象以尽意”之说。

其后,王昌龄、何景明等都在自己的诗学著作中提到“意象”。

他们的用法虽然各异,但都呈现为象,而非纯概念的说理。

“象”指物象,是意象赖以生存的要素。

物象是客观的,但它一旦进入诗人的构思,就带有诗人的主观色彩,并经诗人的审美删选和感情化合而成为诗中的意象。

因此在中国传统诗歌中,意象是融入了主观情感的客观形象,或者是借助客观物象表现出的主观情感。

中国古典诗歌,由于其特别严谨的格律要求以及古汉语的特殊句法形态,往往略去了大部分的关联词、系词以及各种句法标记,几乎只剩下表达具体事物的词。

这样,中国古诗词就取得了高度的意象密度。

例如,马致远的《天净沙·秋思》,“枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。

夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯”。

同时,中国古诗强调含蓄美,诗中绝少西方诗歌中常有的抒情、议论。

言不尽意、立象尽之。

诗人要表达的情思与意蕴就通过高度凝练的意象表现出来了。

二.意象派的诞生西方现代派的发端是顺应反传统的要求诞生的。

20世纪初,西方政治、经济的大动荡带来了急剧的社会变化,对人们的思想领域造成巨大的冲击。

当时的英美诗歌界沉闷而保守。

维多利亚时期的诗歌传统仍然根深蒂固。

庞德《A Girl》与李商隐《杂歌谣辞·李夫人歌》的对比研究

庞德《A Girl》与李商隐《杂歌谣辞·李夫人歌》的对比研究

庞德《A Girl》与李商隐《杂歌谣辞李夫人歌》的对比研究朱海博;张凌【摘要】埃兹拉·庞德热爱中国传统文化,吸收古典诗歌创作方法,创新美国现代主义诗歌.他的《少女》与李商隐的《李夫人》在创作方法上有许多相似之处.以这两首诗歌的意象为研究对象,分析他们描摹心仪女人形象的手法.对艺术手法、作者文化背景和情感表达的对比,可以发现意象在中英诗歌中呈现和效果的差异,从而透视中西思维之异同.【期刊名称】《西安文理学院学报(社会科学版)》【年(卷),期】2016(019)003【总页数】4页(P34-37)【关键词】意象;《A Girl》;《李夫人歌》;对比【作者】朱海博;张凌【作者单位】西北农林科技大学外语系,西安712100;西北农林科技大学外语系,西安712100【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I206意象这个概念在我国由来已久。

远至《周易》,便突出了“象”的范畴,提出“立象以尽意”“观物以取象”的命题。

[1]南朝刘勰在其巨著《文心雕龙》中率先将“意象”引入文学领域。

据《文心雕龙·神思》:“独照之匠,窥意象而运斤;此盖驭文之首术,谋篇之大端。

”[2]320中国古典诗歌艺术大量使用意象。

对比西方,从亚里士多德开始,也提出了“意象”的概念。

[1]西方文论抒情也借助意象手法。

[2]321庞德作为美国现代主义诗歌奠基人,曾积极吸收中国古典诗歌意象特色,因此意象研究也是庞德诗歌研究的重点。

在中国文化走出去的时代背景下,有必要对比分析英汉诗歌的意象特征和描摹手法。

李商隐,字义山,晚唐人,因受“牛李党争”的影响,被人排挤,潦倒终身。

他创作的《李夫人歌》,看似一首悼念亡妻王氏的诗作,但其不仅有个人情感,更有对时代的哀叹。

在李商隐的一系列《无题》诗中,以“夕阳无限好,只是近黄昏“表现自己登临乐游原的伤感,就曾有人称之为李唐王朝“唱挽歌式的凄惶”。

而文人对于自己理想政治的向往和执著,对于理想人格的敬仰和追求,恰恰显示出其人格的高尚。

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庞德意象派诗歌的中国影子
李红丽
埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound)是英美诗坛20世纪初叶现代诗歌最重要的代表。

1912年,庞德和几个英美诗人在伦敦发起了“意象派运动”,成为英美现代诗歌的先驱。

庞德长期热衷于中国古典哲学和诗歌的研究。

他发现中国古诗和意象派诗歌主张十分吻合。

中国古诗中的意象正是他们所追求的艺术特征。

意象派诗歌理论的核心就是意象,这与中国古诗中的意象可以说属于同一种审美范畴。

作为意象派领军人物,庞德创作受中国古典诗歌影响巨大,处处可见中国诗歌的影子。

一.意象
“意象”一词是中国古典文化理论中的一个概念。

意象理论在中国起源很早,《周易·系词》已有“观物取象”、“立象以尽意”之说。

其后,王昌龄、何景明等都在自己的诗学著作中提到“意象”。

他们的用法虽然各异,但都呈现为象,而非纯概念的说理。

“象”指物象,是意象赖以生存的要素。

物象是客观的,但它一旦进入诗人的构思,就带有诗人的主观色彩,并经诗人的审美删选和感情化合而成为诗中的意象。

因此在中国传统诗歌中,意象是融入了主观情感的客观形象,或者是借助客观物象表现出的主观情感。

中国古典诗歌,由于其特别严谨的格律要求以及古汉语的特殊句法形态,往往略去了大部分的关联词、系词以及各种句法标记,几乎只剩下表达具体事物的词。

这样,中国古诗词就取得了高度的意象密度。

例如,马致远的《天净沙·秋思》,“枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。

夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯”。

同时,中国古诗强调含蓄美,诗中绝少西方诗歌中常有的抒情、议论。

言不尽意、立象尽之。

诗人要表达的情思与意蕴就通过高度凝练的意象表现出来了。

二.意象派的诞生
西方现代派的发端是顺应反传统的要求诞生的。

20世纪初,西方政治、经济的大动荡带来了急剧的社会变化,对人们的思想领域造成巨大的冲击。

当时的英美诗歌界沉闷而保守。

维多利亚时期的诗歌传统仍然根深蒂固。

无论是英国的乔治派,还是美国的风雅派仍然盛行华而不实、凄婉哀艳的情调。

时代呼唤着“一种明晰简约之作”,“一种刚健朴实之作”。

意象派应运而生。

与传统诗歌不同,意象派反对诗人介入诗歌抒发感慨。

1912年,春末夏初之际,庞德和其他意象派诗人提出了著名的意象派诗歌三原则。

1.直接处理无论主观还是客观的“事物”。

强调直接描述表现的对象,不说教,不评论。

2.决不用任何无益于表达的词。

即诗歌应尽可能简洁。

另一位意象派诗人威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯一语中的:“不管你写的是什么,删减、删减、再删减。


前两项原则的核心范畴就是“意象”。

庞德说,“一个意象是在瞬间呈现出的一个理性和感情的复合体。

”即运用想象、比喻所构成的各种具体鲜明的可以感知的诗歌形象。

意象派认为诗歌要直接表现主观事物,删除无助于表现
的词句。

要把诗人的感触和情绪全部隐藏在意象后面,不加任何解释、说教和评论,通过意象把它们暗示出来。

3.韵律方面,根据词语本身的韵律,而不是人为的韵律进行创作。

庞德认为韵律的弊病在于:人为地追求韵律,导致多余的辞藻,让句子臃肿。

正值意象派酝酿产生时期,庞德意外与中国诗歌结缘,获得了美国东方文化学者欧内斯特·费诺罗萨(Emest Fenollosa)的手稿。

费诺罗萨曾长期旅居东京,对东亚文化有浓厚兴趣,用长达数年的时间向日本汉学家学习中国古典诗歌,死后留下大量的读书笔记。

费诺罗萨的妻子玛丽·费诺罗萨在丈夫去世后,一直在寻找能够理解和完成丈夫遗愿的西方学者。

当她读到庞德的象形文字诗歌后,感觉遇到了知音。

1912年,玛丽将丈夫的研究笔记和手稿交给了庞德。

庞德爱不释手,如获至宝。

仔细研究了费诺罗萨的手稿后,庞德悟出了“一个汉字往往就是一个意象”,而汉字的组合往往能取得动感画的效果。

1915年,庞德借鉴了费诺罗萨的研究成果,进行了必要的取舍再创作,出版了中国古典诗歌集——
—《华夏集》。

诗集发表后,很快赢得了英美诗坛的普遍赞扬,评论家认为它是庞德对英语诗歌“最持久的贡献”,是英语诗歌中的经典作品。

在这部译作中,庞德重视保留原作中的意象,强调诗句要有丰富的内涵
三、庞德诗中意象的运用
庞德从中国古典诗中得到了很多启示,使他产生了灵感并萌发了把中国诗歌和文字中的意象搬到英文中去的念头。

他认为,虽然英语单词本身不能说明什么问题,然而这些词组合起来可以呈现出无数的意象以表达思想。

比如,他在翻译李白的《古风第六》时,将“惊沙乱海日”译为“Surprised,Desert turmoil. Sea sun”即“惊奇/沙漠的混乱/大海的太阳”。

另外在李白的《古风第十四》中“荒城空大漠”被译成“Desolate castle,the sky,the wild desert”即“荒凉的城堡/天空/大漠”。

庞德省去了正常英语句子中的动词、连接词和冠词等,只是通过几个独立的名词和名词词组组成的诗行来传达他心目中中国古典诗歌的意境与风格。

将其翻译成为一首崭新的现代诗。

其实在费诺罗萨的笔记中这两句诗都有较为详尽的注解,而庞德脱离笔记进行创造性翻译显然是有用意的。

这种由名词或名词词组组成的诗行,更加突出了意象,形成了语言结构上的意象并置。

庞德不仅对中国古典诗作进行翻译,同时还加以模仿。

下面两首诗,诗行简洁、意象鲜明。

《题扇诗·给她的帝王》
噢,洁白的绸扇/像草叶上的霜一样清湛/你也被弃置在一旁。

《蔡姬》深山中花瓣飘零/还有橘黄的玫瑰叶/叶子的赭色紧贴在石头上。

庞德不仅模仿中国古诗运用意象的手法,还模仿汉语的语法特点进行创作,如中国诗人不重复诗的韵脚,而重复一个语法结构:中国诗中常用对偶句,把抽象和具体的描写、不同时间和空间的意象巧妙地连接在一起。

中国诗中意象连续使用,给人一种活动画面的感觉。

庞德的《诗章》第47章:
雨,荒江,旅人/冻云,闪电,豪雨,暮天/小舟中孤灯/芦苇沉重,低垂/竹林萧萧,似在哭泣。

诗中用了32个字表现了9个意象。

这种意象的叠用,简洁、含蓄,有浓厚的中国气息,很明显是在模仿中国古诗。

总之,庞德是20世纪英美诗坛最有影响力的诗人之一。

他作为天才诗人所受的影响是多方面的,但对其影响最大的还是中国古典诗歌。

中国文化对庞德的影响,更多的表现在审美趣味和表达方式上。

正如庞德所赞赏的“中国诗是一个宝库,今后一个世纪将从中寻找推动力,正如文艺复兴从希腊人那里找推动力。

”庞德与中国诗歌产生了共鸣,从这一宝库中找到了诗歌的真谛。

(作者:山西财经大学经贸外语学院副教授。

责任编辑:彭文博)。

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