【高血压英文PPT精品课件】 Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease_
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--高血压英文PPT精品课件_5
Hypertension is often symptom less, so screening is vital - before damage is done. Many surveys continue to show that hypertension remains under diagnosed, undertreated and poorly controlled in the UK
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
高血压英文PPT精品课件ChronicKidneyDiseaseintheUnited
African Americans
3.8 X
Native Americans
2.0 X
Asians/Pacific Islander
1.3 X
The relative risk of Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics is about 1.5 X
USRDS, 2004
Costs of Kidney Failure are High
(in $billions for 2002)
Kidney Failure
Care
25.2
Total NIH Budget
Kidney Failure Accounts for 6% of Medicare Payments
23.2
Lost Income for Patients is $2-4 Billion/Yr
USRDS, 2004
CKD Predicts CVD
Age-Standardized Rate of Cardiovascular Events (per 100 person-yr)
No Image
Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
Go, et al., 2004
Treatment to Prevent Progression of CKD to Kidney Failure
Coresh, et al., 2005
Incident Counts & Adjusted Rates, By Primary Diagnosis
USRDS, 2004
Incidence of Kidney Failure
(per million population, 1990, by HSA, unadjusted)
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Hypertension
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
高血压英文PPT精品课件ChronicDisease
216.6
145.4 HP 2010 Goal: 159.9 105.7
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Asian/Other
Note: All rates are adjusted to 2000 Standard U.S. Population. Source: California Death Statistical Master File; SANDAG January 1, Population Estimates.
Nutrition by Gender
Women
Healthcare Cost in California and San Diego
• $130 Billion spent (treatment and lost productivity) by California in 2003
• $4.3 Billion in SD County (not including
Year San Diego
*2006 U.S. data are preliminary
2004 U.S.
2005
2006*
San Diego County Population
by Race/Ethnicity, 2007
• 3 million people
• Racial/Ethnic groups from around the world.
What Is Chronic Disease?
• According the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, is a disease that lasts 3 months or more.
高血压英文PPT精品课件Cerebrovascular
deficit that has a sudden onset, lasts more than 24 hours, and results from cerebrovascular disease.
A stroke occurs when there is a disruption
of blood flow to a region of the brain.
Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correTATIONS
A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment.
About one-fourth of strokes are hemorrhagic, resulting from hypertensive vascular disease (which causes an intracerebral hemorrhage), a ruptured aneurysm, or an arteriovenous malformation.
Risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and use of birth control pills.
Prevention efforts focus on lifestyle changes that can modify risk factors.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
A stroke occurs when there is a disruption
of blood flow to a region of the brain.
Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correTATIONS
A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment.
About one-fourth of strokes are hemorrhagic, resulting from hypertensive vascular disease (which causes an intracerebral hemorrhage), a ruptured aneurysm, or an arteriovenous malformation.
Risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and use of birth control pills.
Prevention efforts focus on lifestyle changes that can modify risk factors.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
高血压 英语PPT课件
• "Blood pressure" is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.
9
Signs and Symptoms of High
Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure (HBP) itself usually has no signs or symptoms. Rarely, headaches may occur.
• Some people only learn that they have HBP after the damage has caused problems, such as coronary hear disease, stroke, or kidney failure.
7
• For some women, blood pressure can rise if they use birth control pills, become pregnant, or take hormone therapy.
• Children younger than 10 years old who have HBP often have another condition that's causing it (such as kidney disease).
8
• An inherited genetic factors: about half of patients have family history of hypertension
9
Signs and Symptoms of High
Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure (HBP) itself usually has no signs or symptoms. Rarely, headaches may occur.
• Some people only learn that they have HBP after the damage has caused problems, such as coronary hear disease, stroke, or kidney failure.
7
• For some women, blood pressure can rise if they use birth control pills, become pregnant, or take hormone therapy.
• Children younger than 10 years old who have HBP often have another condition that's causing it (such as kidney disease).
8
• An inherited genetic factors: about half of patients have family history of hypertension
《高血压英语》课件
了解高血压可能导致的一些严重健康问题，如心脏病、中风和肾脏问题。
预防与治疗
饮食
了解如何通过健康的饮食来预防和管理高血压。
减肥
了解如何通过控制体重来降低高血压的风险。
运动
探索适合高血压患者的运动方式，以维持健康。
药物治疗
介绍高血压的常用药物和治疗选项。
与高血压相关的英语词汇
1 血压
了解血压的定义和测量方 式。
2 心脏
探索心脏的结构和功能， 以及它与高血压之间的关 系。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3 动脉
了解动脉的作用和与高血 压的相关性。
4 血管
了解血管的结构和功能，以及其在高血压中 的角色。
5 测量血压的工具
介绍用于测量血压的不同工具和设备。
医生的面诊
了解在与医生交流时使用的常见英语表达，如病症描述和治疗方案。
处理心理问题
1
《高血压英语》PPT课件
# 高血压英语PPT课件 探索高血压的定义，症状和风险。了解如何预防和治疗高血压以及相关的英 语词汇。
什么是高血压？
高血压是一种常见的健康问题，也称为高血压。了解什么是高血压以及它对 身体的影响。
高血压的症状
探索高血压可能引起的一些常见症状，如头痛、头晕和呼吸困难。
高血压的风险
被诊断出患有高血压的心理反应
了解当你被诊断出患有高血压时可能出现的心理反应。
2
减轻心理负担的方法
探索如何通过积极的心理策略来减轻与高血压相关的心理负担。
3
支持小组
介绍参加支持小组的好处，并了解如何加入。
总结
高血压的关键知识点
简要回顾高血压的关键知识点， 以加强理解。
处理高血压的英语技能
预防与治疗
饮食
了解如何通过健康的饮食来预防和管理高血压。
减肥
了解如何通过控制体重来降低高血压的风险。
运动
探索适合高血压患者的运动方式，以维持健康。
药物治疗
介绍高血压的常用药物和治疗选项。
与高血压相关的英语词汇
1 血压
了解血压的定义和测量方 式。
2 心脏
探索心脏的结构和功能， 以及它与高血压之间的关 系。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3 动脉
了解动脉的作用和与高血 压的相关性。
4 血管
了解血管的结构和功能，以及其在高血压中 的角色。
5 测量血压的工具
介绍用于测量血压的不同工具和设备。
医生的面诊
了解在与医生交流时使用的常见英语表达，如病症描述和治疗方案。
处理心理问题
1
《高血压英语》PPT课件
# 高血压英语PPT课件 探索高血压的定义，症状和风险。了解如何预防和治疗高血压以及相关的英 语词汇。
什么是高血压？
高血压是一种常见的健康问题，也称为高血压。了解什么是高血压以及它对 身体的影响。
高血压的症状
探索高血压可能引起的一些常见症状，如头痛、头晕和呼吸困难。
高血压的风险
被诊断出患有高血压的心理反应
了解当你被诊断出患有高血压时可能出现的心理反应。
2
减轻心理负担的方法
探索如何通过积极的心理策略来减轻与高血压相关的心理负担。
3
支持小组
介绍参加支持小组的好处，并了解如何加入。
总结
高血压的关键知识点
简要回顾高血压的关键知识点， 以加强理解。
处理高血压的英语技能
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONANDVASCULAR
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Hale Waihona Puke Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; eg, 24 2–4 mm Hg oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.
(elevated serum creatinine,
▪(2) Renovascular disease
abnormal urinalysis),
(abdominal bruits)
▪(3) APKD-autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease (abdominal or flank masses)
Prehypertension:
recheck in 1 year
2. Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99
Stage 1 hypertension:
confirm within 2 months
2 separate office visits)
▪(5) Primary hyperaldosteronism
(hypokalemia)
7
JNC VII 2003 recommendations
Normal: recheck in 2 years (see Comments)
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• CKD was defined by presence of blood or protein on urinalysis and/or serum creatinine >150
• 8% of the surveyed group had diabetes and half of them were unaware of Dx
• Indigenous populations have much higher rates of end stage kidney disease (ESKD)
• Risk factors for ESKD
– Hypertension – Diabetes – Family history – Ethnicity – Smoking – Obesity
– About 1 in 20 people have abnormalities on urinalysis
– About 8% of the general population have evidence of diabetes mellitus
– About 1 in 10 type 2 diabetics have evidence of diabetic nephropathy
• Further discussion
Take home message
• Single urine dipstick for protein – limitations false positives, false negatives
• Kidney function should be measured at least yearly in those at increased risk CKD
– Those with diabetes are at risk of end stage kidney disease
Case 1 cont.
• Question 1
• In large epidemiological surveys for diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which of the following are correct?
culture
Case 1
• Question 2 • Which of the following is the most
appropriate investigation when screening for CKD?
– 24 hr urinary protein – 24 hr urinary albumin excretion – Urinary prot/creat ratio on a spot urine – Urinary alb/creat ratio on a spot urine – MSU with dipstick, spot ACR, microscopy
and culture
Discussion
• CARI/KCAT reviewed evidence • Combo screening the best –
– U/A – MSU - m,c,s – ACR – BP – Serum creatinine (GFR)
• This should be done Байду номын сангаасearly in high risk groups – eg diabetics, ATSI
– Those with diabetes are at risk of end stage kidney disease
Discussion Case 1
• AusDiab 1 in 7 pts in Australia have diabetes. This can be as high as 1 in 3 in indigenous Australians
• 30% of those surveyed had hypertension with half being unaware of Dx
• 1 in 3 type 2 diabetics will develop nephropathy
Take home message
• Type 2 Diabetes is now worldwide, the most common cause of end stage kidney disease
【高血压英文PPT精品课件】 Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease
Case 1 cont.
• In large epidemiological surveys for diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which of the following are correct?
– About 1 in 20 people have abnormalities on urinalysis
– About 8% of the general population have evidence of diabetes mellitus
– About 1 in 10 type 2 diabetics have evidence of diabetic nephropathy
Case 1
• Question 2 • Which of the following is the most
appropriate investigation when screening for CKD?
– 24 hr urinary protein – 24 hr urinary albumin excretion – Urinary prot/creat ratio on a spot urine – Urinary alb/creat ratio on a spot urine – MSU with dipstick, spot ACR, microscopy and
• 8% of the surveyed group had diabetes and half of them were unaware of Dx
• Indigenous populations have much higher rates of end stage kidney disease (ESKD)
• Risk factors for ESKD
– Hypertension – Diabetes – Family history – Ethnicity – Smoking – Obesity
– About 1 in 20 people have abnormalities on urinalysis
– About 8% of the general population have evidence of diabetes mellitus
– About 1 in 10 type 2 diabetics have evidence of diabetic nephropathy
• Further discussion
Take home message
• Single urine dipstick for protein – limitations false positives, false negatives
• Kidney function should be measured at least yearly in those at increased risk CKD
– Those with diabetes are at risk of end stage kidney disease
Case 1 cont.
• Question 1
• In large epidemiological surveys for diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which of the following are correct?
culture
Case 1
• Question 2 • Which of the following is the most
appropriate investigation when screening for CKD?
– 24 hr urinary protein – 24 hr urinary albumin excretion – Urinary prot/creat ratio on a spot urine – Urinary alb/creat ratio on a spot urine – MSU with dipstick, spot ACR, microscopy
and culture
Discussion
• CARI/KCAT reviewed evidence • Combo screening the best –
– U/A – MSU - m,c,s – ACR – BP – Serum creatinine (GFR)
• This should be done Байду номын сангаасearly in high risk groups – eg diabetics, ATSI
– Those with diabetes are at risk of end stage kidney disease
Discussion Case 1
• AusDiab 1 in 7 pts in Australia have diabetes. This can be as high as 1 in 3 in indigenous Australians
• 30% of those surveyed had hypertension with half being unaware of Dx
• 1 in 3 type 2 diabetics will develop nephropathy
Take home message
• Type 2 Diabetes is now worldwide, the most common cause of end stage kidney disease
【高血压英文PPT精品课件】 Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease
Case 1 cont.
• In large epidemiological surveys for diabetes and chronic kidney disease, which of the following are correct?
– About 1 in 20 people have abnormalities on urinalysis
– About 8% of the general population have evidence of diabetes mellitus
– About 1 in 10 type 2 diabetics have evidence of diabetic nephropathy
Case 1
• Question 2 • Which of the following is the most
appropriate investigation when screening for CKD?
– 24 hr urinary protein – 24 hr urinary albumin excretion – Urinary prot/creat ratio on a spot urine – Urinary alb/creat ratio on a spot urine – MSU with dipstick, spot ACR, microscopy and