高血压 英语PPT课件
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高血压英文PPT精品课件Antihypertensive
• Diagnosis is generally based on repeated, reproducible measurements of elevated blood pressure and not on patient symptoms. Patient compliance is a major obstacle to therapy
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
--高血压英文PPT精品课件CORONARY
Effects of coronary artery disease: •Fatal cardiac arrhythmia. •Myocardial infarction. •Myocardial fibrosis.
Postmortem findings: •coronary atheroma. •areas of myocardial fibrosis. •rarely, areas of recent infarcts.
dissections is a rare condition,
mostly occurring in females particularly in the peripartum period. Usually presenting as
Cross photograph of ruptured aneurysm of right coronary artery and
Sites of coronary artery occlusion: •First 2 cm of the left anterior descending coronary artery. •Right coronary artery. •Circumflex coronary artery.
with atheroma. • Coronary artery spasm. • Dissecting coronary aneurysm. • Myocardial bridging.
ATHEROMA
• A fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery, resulting from atherosclerosis.
surபைடு நூலகம்ounding hemorrhage.
Postmortem findings: •coronary atheroma. •areas of myocardial fibrosis. •rarely, areas of recent infarcts.
dissections is a rare condition,
mostly occurring in females particularly in the peripartum period. Usually presenting as
Cross photograph of ruptured aneurysm of right coronary artery and
Sites of coronary artery occlusion: •First 2 cm of the left anterior descending coronary artery. •Right coronary artery. •Circumflex coronary artery.
with atheroma. • Coronary artery spasm. • Dissecting coronary aneurysm. • Myocardial bridging.
ATHEROMA
• A fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery, resulting from atherosclerosis.
surபைடு நூலகம்ounding hemorrhage.
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Hypertension
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
高血压英文PPT精品课件ChronicDisease
216.6
145.4 HP 2010 Goal: 159.9 105.7
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Asian/Other
Note: All rates are adjusted to 2000 Standard U.S. Population. Source: California Death Statistical Master File; SANDAG January 1, Population Estimates.
Nutrition by Gender
Women
Healthcare Cost in California and San Diego
• $130 Billion spent (treatment and lost productivity) by California in 2003
• $4.3 Billion in SD County (not including
Year San Diego
*2006 U.S. data are preliminary
2004 U.S.
2005
2006*
San Diego County Population
by Race/Ethnicity, 2007
• 3 million people
• Racial/Ethnic groups from around the world.
What Is Chronic Disease?
• According the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, is a disease that lasts 3 months or more.
高血压英文PPT精品课件Cerebrovascular
deficit that has a sudden onset, lasts more than 24 hours, and results from cerebrovascular disease.
A stroke occurs when there is a disruption
of blood flow to a region of the brain.
Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correTATIONS
A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment.
About one-fourth of strokes are hemorrhagic, resulting from hypertensive vascular disease (which causes an intracerebral hemorrhage), a ruptured aneurysm, or an arteriovenous malformation.
Risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and use of birth control pills.
Prevention efforts focus on lifestyle changes that can modify risk factors.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
A stroke occurs when there is a disruption
of blood flow to a region of the brain.
Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correTATIONS
A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment.
About one-fourth of strokes are hemorrhagic, resulting from hypertensive vascular disease (which causes an intracerebral hemorrhage), a ruptured aneurysm, or an arteriovenous malformation.
Risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and use of birth control pills.
Prevention efforts focus on lifestyle changes that can modify risk factors.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
arteriole structure Compliance of Vessel wall
ppt课件 6
Psychological factors Renin –angiotensin aldosterone system（RAAS） Sodium and hypertension Abnormality of vascular endothelium（ET，NO， AngII, PGI2, etc) Insulin resistance revascularization other（obesity，smoking，drinking，hypocalcium, hypomagnesium, hypopotassium）
Heart failure Systolic hypertension 长效） Diabetes, proteinuria Renal insufficiency(mild) Myocardial infarction ACEI Stable angina Disorder of lipid pregnancy Prostate proliferation
ppt课件
12
Risk factor of cardiovascular disease
male > 55, female> 65 smoking Total cholesterol> 5.72mmol/L (250mg/dl) diabetes Early cardiovascular family history（early onset of CV disease male<55；female <65)
Diuretics ß–blocker a-blocker Calcium channel blocker ACE inhibitor Angiotensin II receptor blocker compound anti-hypertensive agents
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONANDVASCULAR
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Hale Waihona Puke Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; eg, 24 2–4 mm Hg oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.
(elevated serum creatinine,
▪(2) Renovascular disease
abnormal urinalysis),
(abdominal bruits)
▪(3) APKD-autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease (abdominal or flank masses)
Prehypertension:
recheck in 1 year
2. Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99
Stage 1 hypertension:
confirm within 2 months
2 separate office visits)
▪(5) Primary hyperaldosteronism
(hypokalemia)
7
JNC VII 2003 recommendations
Normal: recheck in 2 years (see Comments)
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Etiology and pathogenesis of EH
No
cause can be established Possible mechanisms Genetic tendency
Spontaneous hypertension rat EH tends to cluster in families
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Diastolic Hypotension??? <60 Optimal <120 <80 Normal <130 <85 High-normal 139 85-89 Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Optional investigations
Plasma renin( 肾 素 ) activity & aldosterone (醛固酮), urinary VMA（香草杏仁酸），to identify secondary hypertension Echocardiography, to detect ventricular hypertrophy Vascular ultrasonography should be performed if arterial disease is suspected. Renal ultrasonography should be performed if renal disease is suspected.
perhaps by catecholamines儿茶酚胺
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• "Blood pressure" is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.
9
Signs and Symptoms of High
Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure (HBP) itself usually has no signs or symptoms. Rarely, headaches may occur.
• Some people only learn that they have HBP after the damage has caused problems, such as coronary hear disease, stroke, or kidney failure.
7
• For some women, blood pressure can rise if they use birth control pills, become pregnant, or take hormone therapy.
• Children younger than 10 years old who have HBP often have another condition that's causing it (such as kidney disease).
8
• An inherited genetic factors: about half of patients have family history of hypertension
• Body weight: a high incidence of people with obesity.
• salt: salt intaking causes a high incidence of hypertension.
• The condition itself usually has no symptoms. You can have it for years without knowing it. During this time, though, HBP can damage the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body.
10
11
Complire
• The heart will get larger or weaker, which may lead to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
• Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when you're feeling fine. If your blood pressure is normal, you can work with your health care team to keep it that way. If your blood pressure is too high, you can take steps to lower it. Lowering your blood pressure will help reduce your risk for related health problems.
4
5
Overview of the situation in China
• At present, there are 230 million people with cardiovascular disease in China, of which 200 million people suffer hypertension, and at least 700 million people die from stroke.
3
High blood pressure (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease (also called coronary artery disease), heart failure, stroke, kidney failure , and other health problems.
6
the causes of high blood pressure
• Blood pressure tends to rise with age, unless you take steps to prevent or control it.
• Some medical problems, such as chronic kidney disease, thyroid disease, and sleep apnea, may cause blood pressure to rise.
High Blood Pressure
第十三组
麦王向 吴博
1
The causes of high blood pressure
By Wang Feifei
2
Definition of high blood pressure
• High blood pressure (HBP) is also called hypertension.
12
• Aneurysms (AN-u-risms) will form in blood vessels. An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery. Common spots for aneurysms are the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body; the arteries in the brain, legs, and intestines; and the artery leading to the spleen
9
Signs and Symptoms of High
Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure (HBP) itself usually has no signs or symptoms. Rarely, headaches may occur.
• Some people only learn that they have HBP after the damage has caused problems, such as coronary hear disease, stroke, or kidney failure.
7
• For some women, blood pressure can rise if they use birth control pills, become pregnant, or take hormone therapy.
• Children younger than 10 years old who have HBP often have another condition that's causing it (such as kidney disease).
8
• An inherited genetic factors: about half of patients have family history of hypertension
• Body weight: a high incidence of people with obesity.
• salt: salt intaking causes a high incidence of hypertension.
• The condition itself usually has no symptoms. You can have it for years without knowing it. During this time, though, HBP can damage the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body.
10
11
Complire
• The heart will get larger or weaker, which may lead to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
• Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when you're feeling fine. If your blood pressure is normal, you can work with your health care team to keep it that way. If your blood pressure is too high, you can take steps to lower it. Lowering your blood pressure will help reduce your risk for related health problems.
4
5
Overview of the situation in China
• At present, there are 230 million people with cardiovascular disease in China, of which 200 million people suffer hypertension, and at least 700 million people die from stroke.
3
High blood pressure (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease (also called coronary artery disease), heart failure, stroke, kidney failure , and other health problems.
6
the causes of high blood pressure
• Blood pressure tends to rise with age, unless you take steps to prevent or control it.
• Some medical problems, such as chronic kidney disease, thyroid disease, and sleep apnea, may cause blood pressure to rise.
High Blood Pressure
第十三组
麦王向 吴博
1
The causes of high blood pressure
By Wang Feifei
2
Definition of high blood pressure
• High blood pressure (HBP) is also called hypertension.
12
• Aneurysms (AN-u-risms) will form in blood vessels. An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery. Common spots for aneurysms are the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body; the arteries in the brain, legs, and intestines; and the artery leading to the spleen