中文四字成语英译研究

中文四字成语英译研究
中文四字成语英译研究

中文四字成语英译研究

摘要:由于中西方文化的差异,中文四字成语——这一相当具有中国特色的语言文化内容成为西方学者关注的焦点。然而,四字成语的翻译也是汉英翻译中的一个难点。本文就对一些中文四字成语进行了分类,并介绍了一些中文四字成语以及英译的例子和翻译方法。

关键词:四字成语;翻译;英语

中文的四字成语,是中国文化的一大特点。而随着全球化的进程逐步加快,世界各个民族的文化交流逐步加深。特别是我国成功举办北京奥运会之后,外国朋友对中国文化的兴趣越发浓厚。与谚语、俚语等不同,汉语四字成语更以其对仗工整,音韵对称的美学功能和修辞特点而成为翻译中的一个难点。中国的四字成语一般来自于古代经典、著名著作、历史故事、民间传说,或者是民间长期约定俗成的独特的语言表达方式,通常都具有鲜明的形象和浓厚的民族色彩特征。

那么,为了更好地探讨中文四字成语的翻译思路,我们先来了解一下中西文化差异之所在。

语言是表达思想的,而思想是客观的反映,人类有许多共同的生活经验,共同感受,所以不同的文化有不少重合处(cultural overlaps)。在英汉两种语言中,同一名词会有相同的内涵意义或者联想意义。比如狐狸都比喻为狡猾,猴子都比喻为机灵。但由于受

英语翻译四字成语大全

“四字格”翻译 (一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead

汉语成语英译

汉语成语英译 汉语成语的定义为:言简意赅、生动万象、比一般词语有着更强的表现力、历来为人们所喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。汉语成语结构稳定,绝大部分以四字格形式出现,约占百分之九十七。以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于一万条,在政治、文艺、科技等文体中都起着极其重要的作用。在汉语翻译中,汉语成语的处理自然是一个不可忽视的问题。 以前曾有人把“胸有成竹”翻译成“ have a bamboo in his stomach”,这是事故?还是奇迹?闹了一场不小的笑话。其实,这条成语很难从字面上进行翻译。它出自苏轼原语,意思是说,画家在画竹之前,先必须在脑子里产生竹的形象,比喻在做事之前心里已经有全面的考虑。对这条成语,我们只能译出它的比喻意义:“ to have a well-thought-out plan before doing”,也可用一条意义相等的英语成语来套译:“ to have a card up one’s sleeve”。 哪些汉语成语可根据其字面意义翻译?哪些只能翻译比喻意义呐?这完全取决于汉语成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者所接受。例如,“胸有成竹”译成“ have a bamboo in his stomach”,不用说外国读者无法理解,就是我们了解汉英两种语言与文化的人也不能接受。因为译文所产生的形象与原文的比喻并不一致。 下面的英译按原文的字面翻译,其比喻效果同原文一样生动,译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语。如: 1、打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog) 2、易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over one’s hand (相当于 as easy as falling off log) 3、对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine) 4、画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于 paint the lily) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语,但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义。如:

四字成语中译英

预防为主prevention first 综合治理comprehensive control/management 全面推进entire/all-round push-on 重点突破breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness 和睦相处living in harmony with others 强不凌弱,富不侮贫The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川,有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 有诺必践Commitment should always be kept. 一如既往unswervingly 和衷共济solidarity; fighting together with one accord 亡国灭种extinction; being conquered and destroyed 万众一心pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one 浩然气概noble spirit 不屈节操unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝heroic and splendid 插科打诨comic parts 精微深奥profound and abstruse 博大精深extensive and profound 源远流长run a long history 天下为公The world belongs to all the people.

汉语成语中数词的英译

第25卷第1期2004年2月 衡阳师范学院学报(社会科学) Journal of Hengy ang N ormal U niversity(So cial Science) No.1Vo l.25 Feb.2004汉语成语中数词的英译 李德超 (香港理工大学中文及双语系翻译研究中心,中国香港) 摘 要:含数词的成语在汉语成语中占有举足轻重的地位。对它们英译时需考虑数词的实指与虚指情况及其相应的文化内涵,否则难以比较完整地传达汉语成语的意义。我们认为,无论在普通文体还是科技文体的语篇翻译中,成语中数词的恰当翻译有助于更准确地传达汉语数字成语的外延及内涵意义。 关键词:成语;数词;实指;虚指 中图分类号:H059文献标识码:A文章编号:1002—073X(2004)01—0129—04 作者简介:李德超(1966-),男,博士候选人,从事近代翻译文学史、翻译理论与实践研究。 成语是习语的一种,它“是一种相沿习用的特殊固定 词组”(黄伯荣等,1981:247)。确切地说,它是人们在语言使用过程中提炼出来的形式简洁、意义固定的短语或短句,通常由大家所熟知的典故、寓言、民谚等语言材料组成,具有形象鲜明、表达生动等特点。如把一种语言看作是一座巨大无比的宝库,那么,那些经千锤百炼而形成的众多成语堪称是宝库中的璀灿明珠,颗颗都闪烁着人类智慧的熠熠光辉。成语,是“语言的核心部分和精华”(张培基,1958:4),如使用得当,就能收到言简意赅和画龙点睛的效果。 汉语有源远流长的历史文化背景,成语极为丰富。据不完全统计,汉语成语的总量有万余条(《中华成语大词典》共收成语12,000余条)。其中,又有逾千条成语是由数词组成或是含有数词,如三三两两、乱七八糟等。这表明含数词的成语在汉语中占有举足轻重的地位。有趣的是,关于汉语成语英译的书籍或论文可谓连篇累牍,但专门探讨含数字成语的英译的文章却极为少见。是不是因为数字的翻译过于容易而不值一提呢?事情并不是想象的那么简单。举个例子,“三纲五常”中的数词“三”与“三长两短”中的数词“三”是不是都译为“three”呢?显然不是。那么,成语中的数词有什么样的特点?其英译有无原则可寻?当前词典或译本中对含数字的成语的翻译是否有不尽人意之处?在本文中,笔者将对上述问题作一粗浅探讨。 汉语成语中数词的用法特点 在探寻汉语成语中数词的英译规律之前,让我们先了解数词在成语中的用法特点。在结构上,成语是一种“特殊固定词组”,它在句中起到的是词的作用。词在汉语中又可分为具有词汇意义的实词和具有语法意义的虚词。数词由于表示的是人或物的数目,具有实在的词汇意义,因而属于实词类。但成语中数词的用法与普通数词的用法不尽相同,它可以实指,也可以虚指。它除了可以与量词连用,置于名词前面,如“百年大计”、“万家灯火”等,还可以(1)直接与名词连用,或置于名词前或名词后,如“一草一木”、“朝三暮四”;(2)直接与动词连用。这时,它可置于动词前或动词后,如“一蹴而就”、“百思不解”、“略知一二”,或加一量词,置于动词之后,如“垂涎三尺”、“退避三舍”、“日上三竿”;(3)直接与形容词连用,置于形容词前面,这种用法较少,如“万紫千红”、“四平八稳”等。 可见,数词在成语中的使用比较灵活,位置富于变化,在翻译时如囿于原成语结构往往会导致译文诘屈聱牙,不可卒读。这时我们要跳出原成语结构的束缚,重新按目的语的习惯对译文结构进行调整,这样才能为读者所理解、所接受。如将“一步登天”译成“use o ne step to reach the sky”则显得过分拘泥于原文结构,而将它译为“reach the sky in one step”,就结构而言,则符合英语的行文习惯, 收稿日期:2003—03—28 129

四字词和成语的翻译

Teaching Plan for Translation ◇Title of Lesson: Translation of Chinese four-character phrase Week ◇Time Needed:four periods(45 minutes per period) ◇Teaching Objectives: 1. Help the students to understand the principles of Chinese four-character phrase translation 2. Help students to translate Chinese four-character phrase ◇Key Teaching Points: 1. Structure change of Chinese four-character phrase into English 2. The translation of Chinese four-character phrase ◇Difficult Teaching Points: How to translate Chinese four-character phrase correctly ◇Teaching Contents: I.汉语四字词的英译处理 汉语四字词结构匀称对仗、读起来音韵和美,表达言简意赅,极富美感。文采华丽,语气连贯,具有极强的修辞效果。 英语却是一种非常理性的语言,最重清楚明白,最忌讳逻辑混乱与文字堆砌。所以汉语中对仗工整、抑扬顿挫的排比结构在英语中多半变得长短不一,参差不齐。 并列关系的四字排比结构通常转化为下列结构: 形容词+名词 1.省去该句!按照合理布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求,加强宣传和文化事 业的基本建设。 Capital construction of publicity and cultural undertakings will be strengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution, an optimized structure and priority order. 2.大峡湾的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。 The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains, joined canyons. (英['k?nj?n] 美['k?nj?n]n.峡谷and turbulent waters.) 3.我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上,进一 步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。 The Chinese government stands ready to further(adv.) strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and mutual development. 名词/形容词+in+名词 4.由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便,因此受到用户的好评。 The instrument has been welcomed by the users because of its stability in service, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance. 5.这些女式衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成,价格公道,工艺精湛,设计独特。These silk blouses are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price,

最新英语翻译四字成语大全

1 “四字格”翻译 2 (一)并列关系 3 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 4 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 5 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 6 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 7 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 8 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 9 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 10 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 11 简政放权 streamline administration and institute decentralization 12 集思广益 draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 13 国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and 14 harmony 15 16 政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well 17 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 18 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new

汉语成语英语翻译

1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones 21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 22.金玉满堂Treasures fill the home. 23.脚踏实地be down-to-earth 24.脚踩两只船sit on the fence 25.君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché 27.礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope. 29.马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success 30.名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 31.茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 32.没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. 34.谋事在人成事在天The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes. 35.弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself 36.拿手好戏masterpiece

四字成语英语翻译

(一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits 大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧

目录 引言.............................................................................................I 摘要.............................................................................................II ABSTRACT.................................................................................III 第一章四字成语的文化背景 (1) 1.1成语的定义 (1) 1.2成语的来源 (3) 1.2.1 成语的语言特征 (4) 1.2.2 成语的文化特征 (4) 1.2.3 成语中体现的中西文化 (5) 第二章成语的翻译策略 (5) 2.1成语的直译 (5) 2.1.1直译的定义和特点 (6) 2.1.2直译的方法技巧 (6) 2.1.3直译的实际运用 (7) 2.2 成语的意译 (7) 2.2.1意译的定义和特点 (7) 2.2.2意译的方法技巧 (7) 2.2.3意译的实际运用 (8) 第三章成语翻译的艺术价值 (9) 结语 (10) 参考文献 (11)

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧 引言 根据一般概念,翻译是将一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的活动,但这个概念仍有它的欠缺之处。它只提及语言的信息,未提及文化的信息。美国的翻译理论家尤金·奈达曾给翻译下过这样的定义:翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。虽然奈达把翻译扩大到语义和文体两个层面,但仍未提及文化信息的再现。本问拟从文化信息(culture information)在翻译中的再现这个角度加以讨论。 1四字成语的文化背景 1.1成语的定义 1.2成语的来源 1.2.1 成语的语言特征 1.2.2 成语的文化特征 1.2.3成语中体现的中西文化 2成语的翻译策略 2.1成语的直译 2.1.1直译的定义和特点 2.1.2直译的方法技巧 2.1.3直译的实际运用 2.2 成语的意译 2.2.1意译的定义和特点 2.2.2意译的方法技巧

四字成语中译英

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 四字成语中译英 预防为主综合治理全面推进重点突破亲仁善邻和睦相处prevention first comprehensive control/management entire/all-round push-on breakthrough at key points cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness living in harmony with others The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich 强不凌弱,富不侮贫 should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast海纳百川,有容乃大because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄光阴似箭有诺必践一如既往和衷共济亡国灭种万众一心浩然气概不屈节操赴汤蹈火殊死奋战可歌可泣英勇卓绝插科打诨精微深奥博大精深源远流长天下为公 embrace everything that is useful Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! Commitment should always be kept. unswervingly solidarity; fighting together with one accord extinction; being conquered and destroyed pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one noble spirit unyielding moral principle go through fire and water fight desperately; fight to death moved one to songs and tears heroic and splendid comic parts profound and abstruse extensive and profound run a long history The world belongs to all the people. 1/ 6

英译汉常用成语

英译常用的100个中国成语 [日期:2012-07-13] 来源:作者:[字体:大中小] 1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year an d ring in th e new

11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news s pread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones

(word完整版)高考及时雨词汇四字成语翻译学生版

高考英语中译英测验1 1. 这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。() ,. 2. 商店的商品琳琅满目,让我们眼花缭乱。() . 3. 在旧社会,出身贫寒的人很少有受教育的机会。() , . 高考英语中译英测验2 1. 看到她在音乐会上的精彩演出,我们惊讶不已。() . 2. 他为自己食言而感到羞愧不已。() . 3. 出乎意料的是,他对我们采取友善的态度。() , . 4. 如果你能帮我学习英语我将不胜感激。() '. 高考英语中译英测验3 1. 做志愿者的经历让我受益匪浅。() ①. ②. 2. 无论你到何处,都要牢记在心:入国问禁,入乡随俗。() , , . 3. 显而易见,这个国家的人每时每刻都可喝到新鲜牛奶。() , . 4. 这部历史小说引人入胜,我简直爱不释手。() ' . 高考英语中译英测验1. 听到那一激动人心的消息,我情不自禁地大哭起来。() , ' . 2. 她的计划听上去很好,可是我们实施起来将困难重重。() , ' . 3. 这位作家专心致志于写作,以致忘了自己重病在身。() . 4. 警方正在竭尽全力查明火灾的导因。() .

5. 除了等待进一步通知,我们别无他法。() . 6. 大家都束手无策,最后还是彼得想出了个主意。() , . 7. 当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。() . 8. 如果你不将理论与实践结合起来,你的研究将毫无用处。() . 9. 希望这里的志愿者都要精通英语。() . 10. 这次歌咏比赛给了我一次千载难逢的机会挑战自我。() . 11. 就是在那家超市我和过去的班主任不期而遇。() . 12. 他选择勇敢面对失败,而不是自暴自弃。() . 高考英语中译英测验6 1. 即便周围响声很大,他也能集中精力看书。() . 2. 看到银装素裹的群山,孩子们欣喜若狂。() , . 3. 认为现在的年轻人样样都好或者一无是处都是错误的。() ' () . 4. 显然,他们将数量与质量混为一谈了。() . 5. 这条铁路横贯平原.把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。() . 高考英语中译英测验7 1. 他要求出国进修,但被公司拒绝了。() , . 2. 由于经验不足,他不知道如何处理这情形。() ' . 3. 她下定决心不惜任何代价不让父母失望。() . 4. 我校正不遗余力地满足学生对课外活动的需求。() 5. 他在外貌和性格上都与妹妹截然不同。() . 6. 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机。() , ' .

英汉互译中的汉语四字结构

龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a9592133.html, 英汉互译中的汉语四字结构 作者:胡海涛彭贝妮 来源:《科技视界》2015年第09期 【摘要】汉语中的四字结构言简意赅,生动形象,比一般词语有着更强的表现力,是人 们喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。无论是汉译英中的四字结构的英译,还是英译汉中对四字结构的使用,都应遵循“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。 【关键词】英汉互译;四字结构;忠实、通顺;翻译标准 在汉语写作的作品和用汉语翻译的作品中,我们会发现四字结构的运用很广泛。这是因为四字结构的适当运用会使文章更加形象生动、简明有力、寓意深刻;读起来也铿锵有力,顺口悦耳,从形式上看,它整齐匀称,文字流畅。使人读后印象会更加深刻。 四字结构通常指汉语中常用到的成语,也包括自行组合成通顺合理的四字结构,那么在英汉互译中如何处理对它的翻译呢? 我们知道,四字结构特别是成语与中华民族的地理环境、历史背景、风俗习惯、思维方式、经济生活及语言特色等密切相关,具有显著的民族性,文化内涵及其丰富。所以在翻译中要特别注意,以免引起读者的误解。 在汉译英中,如果译文不违背语言规范,又不会引起读者的误解时,尽可使用直译法,这样就可以保留原文的形象、修辞特色和民族特色。例如:“忍气吞声”可直译为“swallow his anger and hold his tongue”。由于汉英文化也有相通之处,所以在某些情况下也可直接借用一些含义相同、形象一致的英语习语。例如:“趁热打铁strike while the iron is hot”。但要特别注意的一点是由于生活习惯或思维方式等不同,许多英语习语虽与汉语成语有相同或相似的形象或比喻,但含义却不同,在翻译时,就不能简单的借用。例如:“同舟共济”就不能直接译为“to be in the same boat”,因为前者在汉语中含有积极意义,而后者却是有着消极含义的一个习 语。 有的成语源出历史故事或寓言故事,但沿用已久,失去了原来的故事性;有的成语的形象变得不再新鲜生动,人们在使用时只用其喻义;有的成语如直译后会显得生硬、拖沓。在这些情况下,就可以运用意译法。如“滥竽充数”(to make up the number),“名落孙山”(fail),“旗鼓相当”(well-matched)等。 在很多情况下,为了达到既保留原文形象,又能使译文畅达的效果,经常使用直译兼意译的方法。如“斩草除根”(pluck up the evil by the roots)。还有的成语为了音韵整齐而使用两组同义词,在翻译这种成语时,不必亦步亦趋,译出一组的意思就可以了。如“油嘴滑舌”(glib tongue),“捕风捉影”(catch at shadows),“狼吞虎咽”(wolf something down)等。

成语英译

汉语成语英译四法 I. 直译法 直译法(literal translation)能够保留原文的巧喻及形式,是翻译成语的最好方法。但直译法必须在不违背译文的语法习惯,又不致引起误解的情况下才能使用。例如: 川流不息→flowing past in an endless stream 犬马之劳→ to serve like a dog or a horse 易如反掌→ as easy as turning over one's hand 触景生情→ the scene brings back memories 无可救药→ beyond cure II. 意译法 有的成语用直译法无法表达其意,我们只好忍痛割舍原文的巧喻,改以意义(free translation)来翻译。例如: 木已成舟→What's done is done. 杞人忧天→ unnecessary anxiety 东施效颦→ blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish 姜太公钓鱼,愿者上钩→ Willingly fall into the snare. III.同义成语借用法 有的汉语成语在内容和形式上都能够与英语成语相通,这时我们可以用同文的英语习语或成语来翻译汉语成语。例如:

隔墙有耳→ Walls have ears. 绞尽脑汁→ to rack one's brains 一文不名→ without a penny to one's name 谋事在人,成事在天→ Man proposes, God disposes. 说曹操,曹操到→ Talk of the evil and he is sure to come. 对牛弹琴→ to throw pearls before swine IV. 注释法 翻译汉语成语时,我们还可采用注释法(explanation),运用该种方法的好处是能介绍本国成语的特色,并能兼顾比喻、形式、清晰各方面。例如:我们前面意译法中的几个成语还可这样译: 姜太公钓鱼,愿者上钩→like the fish rising to Jiang Taigong's hookless and baitless line 东施效颦→ Dong Shi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier. 木已成舟→ the wood is already make into a boat 杞人忧天→ like the man of Qi who was haunted by the fear that the sky might fall 爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足,比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night

实用成语英译大全

实用成语英译大全 爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足,比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜,不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best 不打不成交"No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门,恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老,学到老One is never too old to learn.

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