高中：高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。
）中，“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。
）中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。
）中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。
例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。
）中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。
）中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。
）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。
例如，“I love you” （我爱你。
）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句：Tom is reading a book.（主语是Tom）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句：I am studying English. （谓语是am studying）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句：She bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句：I saw a black cat.（定语是black）5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词、副词，可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句：She sings beautifully.（状语是beautifully）例句：I am a student.（补语是a student）英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类：1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句：She sings.（主语+谓语）例句：I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.（独立子句+连接词+独立子句）3. 并列句（Coordinative Sentence）：用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句：I am tired, so I'm going to bed.（分句+连词+分句）例句：She invited me to a party, which made me happy.（主句+从句）总结起来，英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用，可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构，可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子，提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法微观遣词；句法宏观造句01词法微观遣词1. 实词：有实际意义的词;名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为,动态;vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量基数词,表顺序序数词2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词;介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法宏观造句1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句：名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属；认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群;语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体：定语,状语,补语,同位语主语：一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象;常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首;The sun名词n. rises in the east.W e代词pron. are friendsT wenty years数词num. is a short time in history.S eeing动名词 is believingT o be a teacher不定式is my dreamW hat he needs 句子is a book 主语从句I t 形式主语is time to go home真正的主语形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study实意动词 EnglishI can情态动词do itI don’t助动词knowH e is系动词asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后;I play with him代词I like china名词H ow many do you need ——we need two数词I enjoy working with you动名词I hope to see you again不定式D id you write down what he said句子U nder the snow介宾短语,there are many rocks.H e gave me间接宾语a book直接宾语 yesterday表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任;凡是系动词be 动词,感官动词等出现的地方,后面必定带着表语He is a teacher名词Seventy-four you don’t look it代词F ive and five is ten数词H e is asleep形容词T his picture is on the wall介词短语M y watch is missing/lost 形容词化的分词T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”不定式T he question is whether they will come句子语法精讲3定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面;相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面;H e is a clever boyT his is an apple treeT here are ten students in our classS he is Tom’s sisterH e bought some sleeping pillsT he girl in red is his sisterW e have a lot of work to doT he girl standing under the tree is his daughterD o you know the man who spoke just now.状语：用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分;常由副词担任;修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面;动词的八个状态：时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度T he students study hardI often write to himH e wrote with a red pencilH e went to see a filmT he students went away laughingI’ll write to you as soon as I get there .补语：表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑I found a book lying on the floor.D o you smell something burningS he asked me to go with her.独立成分：同位语,感叹语B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man That’s great语法精讲4简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句;1, 主语+谓语：She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy. 2三大句子结构类型1, 简单句F rank and Eric are good friends.I make and have breakfast.2, 并列句I like English, but I don’t like math.I hate grammar,while he loves it.3, 复合句W hat she does is not good.T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5简单句T hat is what I want to tell you. 表语从句I t’s a question how he did it. 同位语从句T he man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句I f I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句四种句子类型：01陈述句肯定,否定H e is six years old.S he doesn’t like English.02疑问句一般,特殊,选择,反义D o you like swimming ↑一般疑问句W hat are you doing ↓特殊疑问代词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句I s this a pen ↑or a pencil ↓选择疑问句S he likes dancing↓,doesn’t she ↑反义疑问句;前肯后否或者前否后肯03祈使句：命令,要求,请求;一般会略去主语,动词开头B e careful , boysD on’t speak in class04感叹句：how/what 开头H ow clever the boy isW hat a nice day it is。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east. （名词）he likes dancing.（代词）twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe.（不定式）what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词）seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）five and five is ten. （数词）he is asleep. （形容词）his father is in. （副词）the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）the question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. （名词）he hates you. （代词）how many do you need? we need two. （数词）we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）共7页，当前第1页1234567i hope to see you again. （不定式）did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语:句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.Heliesdancing.Tentyyearsisashorttieinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.hatheneedsisaboo.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllieatree.谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
estudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.Seventy-four!youdon’tlooit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisontheall.yatchisgone/issing/lost.Toearafloeristosay“I’poor,Ican’tbuyaring.Thequestionishethertheyille.,loo,feelPleaseaeyourselfathoe.介词短语）Don’tlethidothat.Hisfatheradvisedhitoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’teepthelightsburning.I’llhaveybierepaired.主补：对主语的补充。
Heaselectedonitor.Sheasfoundsinginginthenextroo.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Aiyanlingisacheistryteacher.Heisourfriend.ebelongtothethirdorld.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboya lesson.Theanoverthereisyoldfriend.Theoanithababyinherarsis ysister.Theboysplayingfootballareinclass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegroingellno.Ihaveanideatodoitell.youshoulddoeverythingthatIdo.状语：用来修饰v.,ad,adv.,or句子。
高中英语句子成分及结构分析
高中英语句子结构分析英语的九大词类名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词。
一、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
物体名--desk,cup,chair.人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).二、代词（pron.）：主要用来代替名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的。
代替人的代词有：I,you,he,she,it,they这里要注意，代词的作宾语的形式me,him,her,them....，代替物的代词有:it,that,this,those,these三、动词(v.)："动"就是动作--可以指具体的动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).四、形容词(adj.)：用来表示名词的性质或特征。
我们在谈论人或物时，常用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词。
五、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、程度等。
副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词（likely—有可能的lovely—可爱的friendly—友好的lonely—孤独的weekly—每周一次的monthly—每月一次的yearly—每年一次的）六、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
at, by, to,in,for,of, on,from,with介词在英语中最常用于介宾结构——介词+名词/代词，起修饰作用.比如：in winter,from America,behind the door等等。
高中句子成分详细讲解及基本句型结构
英语句子成分详解一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Y ours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. Y ou hate me. Y ou hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
高三英语句子结构讲解(彻底搞清句子结构)
高三英语句子结构讲解（彻底搞清句子结构）句子结构1.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
2.英语五种基本句型结构如下：ＳＶ（主＋谓）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）表语（predicative）1). 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。
2). 基本句型二：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语及物动词（词组）宾语”构成。
3). 基本句型三：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。
这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词间接宾语直接宾语。
例如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)强调间接宾语顺序为：动词直接宾语介词（to\for）间接宾语。
例如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词时，只能用：动词代词直接宾语介词间接宾语。
例如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
（需借助for的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
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高中英语新课程标准教材英语教案( 2019 — 2020学年度第二学期 )学校：年级：任课教师：英语教案 / 高中英语 / 高三英语教案编订：XX文讯教育机构高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解教材简介:本教材主要用途为通过学习英语的内容，提高学生的语言技能，增加一项语言能力，有利于国际化的日常交流、生活、工作等，本教学设计资料适用于高中高三英语科目, 学习后学生能得到全面的发展和提高。
本内容是按照教材的内容进行的编写，可以放心修改调整或直接进行教学使用。
句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east. （名词） he likes dancing. （代词）twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe. （不定式）what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词） seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）five and five is ten. （数词）he is asleep. （形容词）his father is in. （副词） the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）the question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. （名词）he hates you. （代词）how many do you need? we need two. （数词）we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
we elected him monitor. （名词）we all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）we will make them happy. （形容词）we found nobody in. ( 副词 )please make yourself at home. 介词短语）don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） i’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。
he was elected monitor. she was found singing in the next room.he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） he is our friend. （代词）we belong to the third world. （数词） he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)the boys playing football are in class 2. （现在分词）the trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）i have an idea to do it well. （不定式）you should do everything that i do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）i will go there tomorrow. the meeting will be held in the meetingroom.the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.he didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.i like some of you very much. if you study hard, you will pass the exam.he goes to school by bike.though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词 she came．/ my head aches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 she likes english.主语＋系动词＋主语补语 she is happy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 she gave john a book．she bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语she makes her mother angry．the teacher asked me to read the passage.（ there +be there lies a book on the desk. ）exercises分析下列句子成分1. our school is not far from my home.2. it is a great pleasure to talk withyou3. all of us considered him honest.4. my grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. he broke a piece of glass.6. he made it clear that he would leave the city．7. ---i love you more than her，child ． 8. tees turn green when spring comes.9. they pushed the door open. 10. grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. he wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.all the students think highly of his teaching13. we need a place twice larger than this one. 14. he asked us to sing an english song.15. don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.we will make our school more beautiful.17. he didn't come．that is why he didn't know．18. she showed us her many of her pictures.19. the old man lives a lonely life.20. luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. the cars made in japan are better than those in germany．22. there are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．23. no matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. go back where you came from. 25. we must do whatever the people want us to do.26. at last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. would you please pass me the cup?28 mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. do you know the latest news about him?30. i’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。