跨文化交际 课件 Unit Two Culture Shock

教学内容
Collectivist culture (believed in Confucianism): a culture that places little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. The survival of the group is more important that of any individual member. Going one's own way is not valued; instead uniformity and conformity are stressed. People in collectivist cultures define themselves in terms of hose qualities that stress identity as a group member.
教学内容
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
2 ) There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners' needs for their own privacy and autonomy and in the freedom they give to children. The reason might be that individualists value separateness and independence; the basic unit in an individualist culture is the autonomous self, not the group. Individualist need to be different from rather than the same as others, and they have a strong need for a 'back region' where they can escape from public scrutiny. This is so basic to the culture that it is part of childrearing practices. Naturally. to a collectivist, this attitude seems unusually selfish and unsociable.
教学内容Theories of Values on Individual Culture and collectivist culture
1) Individual Culture (believed in liberalism): a culture that scores high on individualism. The individual human being is seen as having intrinsic worth, and individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display selfconfidence and assertiveness, disclosure of personal thoughts and feelings.
教学内容
4) There is a lack of understanding if the reciprocal
bonds and duties that regulate in-group members, found in foreigners' casual attitudes towards hospitality. As a result of all of these beliefs, individualists do not see the world in terms of duty toward in-group members. The foreigners' lack of hospitality is partially due to his belief that guests are independent entities who can make their own decisions; once having offered food or drink, it is not necessary to go any further. No special duty is owned to in-group members, and the role of host is not a privileged one.
教学内容 culture shock
This is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced most often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture. It is the trauma of bewilderment which people find themselves in when they are isolated in an alien culture. 文化冲击指在大量地收到一种异文化的信息之 后，尤其身处异国，不同程度地产生的一种心理 反应。这是因为失去自己原有熟悉的社会信号和 符号，对于对方的社会符号不熟悉，而产生的深 度焦虑症。
Unit Two
学习重点 教学内容 案例分析 资源导航 历年试题 试题答案
Culture Shock
culture shock? Theories of Values on Individual Culture and collectivist culture Hospitality Politeness Privacy Adjustment & Acculturation Acculturation
学习重点
understand cross-cultural differences in approaches to hospitality,modesty, privacy, and politeness appreciate how differences in cultural values shape behavior identify and avoid taboo subjects in Western cultures avoid pitfalls in cross-cultural communication; and adjust more smoothly to a new cultural environment.
教学内容
3) There is a lack of inhibition on the part of foreigners in terms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack of concern about drawing attention to themselves and their willingness to disclose feelings and emotions. Because of their independence, Individualists give little thought to the evaluations of others; they are willing to, and indeed encouraged to , express themselves freely. Collectivists, on the other hand, care very much what others in their group think and do not like to be the targets of scrutiny and criticism. Therefore, the free and easy openness of individualists can be distressing too collectivists.
教学内容
5) There is a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy. The reason might be that even the freedom with which foreigners express love and sexual desire can be seen as a valorization of the individual's pursuit of personal pleasure and happiness. That this is offensive to collectivists is not surprising, as intense dyadic fusion is a kind of personal involvement that draws loyalty on attention from the group and focuses it on individual needs.
Hospitality
This word means cordial and generous reception of or disposition toward guests. 对客人的热诚慷慨的接待或安排
The following table shows some different responses to different ways of hospitality:
教学内容five basic themes in individualist culture:
1) There is a tendency for foreigners to treat strangers as equals, seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their willingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. The reason might be that individualists tend to believe in equality; their communication norms stress equal treatment of subordinate and superior. friend and stranger. In contrast, collectivists' communication norms often stress deference; a clear demarcation is made between one's treatment of those above and below one in the social hierarchy. Clearly, to a collectivist, the way individualists treat strangers will seem unusual and unnecessarily polite.