【2014上海二模】上海市黄浦区2014年高考模拟(二模)英语试题(含答案)(高清版)
上海市黄浦区年高三二模英语试题
黄浦区2014年高考模拟考英语试卷2014年4月10日下午考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2. 本试卷设试卷和答题卷两部分。
试卷分为第I卷和第II卷。
所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题卷纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. August 6. B. August 7. C. August 13. D. August 19.2. A. A coat store. B. A chemist’s. C. A dry cleaner. D. A watch shop.3. A. Policeman and driver. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and clerk.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. A brand of jeans. B. A new hair style. C. Popular stars. D.School uniforms.5. A. The man enjoys dramas very much.B. Soap operas aren’t the woman’s favorite.C. The woman has watched a lot of soap operas.D. The man doesn’t want to watch a drama with the woman.6. A. Anxious. B. Casual. C. Supportive. D. Unbelieving.7. A. The style of the watch. B. Her boy friend’s figure.C. The price of the watch.D. Her boy friend’s preference.8. A. The damage to the environment. B. The location of the hotel.C. The demand of the job market.D. The solution to the issue.9. A. Sh e can’t afford that much for a trip.B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.C. Sh e doesn’t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip.D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money.10. A. Skipping the meal to lose weight. B. Having the pizza with the woman.C. Ordering food to be eaten at home.D. Dining out instead of eating at home.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken onlyonce. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Engine trouble. B. Poor weather. C. Tall waterfalls. D. Tight budget.12. A. Amazing as well as tough. B. Funny while incredible.C. Disappointing but rewarding.D. Fascinating and well-paid.13. A. A mechanic. B. A photographer. C. A travel writer. D. A weather man.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because it is totally beyond most students’ ability.B. Because it doesn’t help people today learn from history.C. Because students should be taught from the past forward.D. Because this kind of teaching approach is out-of-fashion.15. A. By studying with the traditional approach.B. By keeping names, places and dates in mind.C. By putting forward questions about the near future.D. By looking into the past for answers to present problems.16. A. To explain the history of education.B. To state the purpose of learning history.C. To criticize students’ habits of history study.D. To present a new method of history education.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each blank.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each blank.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Since my retirement from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time 25. ______ (paint) as an artist. I actually began drawing in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover 26. _____ the loss of my father, or maybe it was just paintings 27. _____ brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes much influenced by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but 28. _____ _____ ______ I walked out of the school door for the last time, I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be 29. _____ (close) to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, 30. _____ (display) my paintings at a number of art shows.It is wonderful to have some time doing 31. _____ I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”( B )In the last decade, research 32. _____ (show) that resistance exercise can help numerous disease states, including depression. You can improve your overall health just by watching your weight and taking walks in the neighborhood. But 33. _____ you want to improve your fitness —look better, maximize health, have more energy, prevent injuries —you need to do more.In recent years, emphasis has shifted to a type of resistance training 34. _____ builds muscles used in day-to-day tasks, helping avoid injury or re-injury. 35. _____ (call) functional strength training, it helps with tasks such as lifting infants in and out of car seats or lifting garage doors. Another goal is 36. _____ (reduce) the risk factors in patients with long-term diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.“Part of my job is trying to convince that 85-year-old woman that she really 37. _____ start weight lifting. 38. _____ who need persuading are women re cently treated for breast cancer.” says Dr. Dennis Kerrigan, at Henry Ford Health System’s Center for Athletic Medicine.“Friends and family tell them, ‘Take it easy,’ but chemotherapy(化疗) can reduce muscle mass, leaving body fat that is linked to cancer returning,”he says. “My suggestion? Strength training. It’s taken a long time for women to realize 39. _____ important strength training is, but once they try it, they 40. _____ (hook).”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.When US’ Duke University second-year student Christian Drappi sees someone using a Square (an electronic payment service) credit card reader, he pulls out his phone, takes a picture and uploads it to Twitter. “It kind of spreads like __41__ through Twitter,” said Drappi, who is a campus brand representative for Square.Companies are __42__ using college campus brand representatives to spread the word about their products. These representatives often rely on word-of-mouth tools like social media to __43__ the company and any promotional events they host.Though the brand representative is no stranger to the college marketing scene, social media are changing how these representatives __44__ with students of their same age and how effectively their message is communicated. Companies like Red Bull, Microsoft and Twitter all have campus representatives __45__ to spreading good news about the brand.“Campus representatives approach students groups, local merchants and other prospective users to demonstrate how the card reader works and its advantages over __46__ machines.” Adam Bassett, who runs the Square U program said.Cord Silverstein, executive vice president of interactive communications at the Raleigh advertising agency Capstrat, said, “Social media have made it easier than ever for college students to share opinions on a product with their friends. Someone’s friend, someone they __47__, like a student or a professor, these people are having much greater influence on what college students think, like and d on’t like, because they trust their opinions.”When looking at representative __48__, McCarthy, who heads the campus representative program for Square, said the company looks for __49__ students who are social-media understanding. “Three or four years ago, brand representatives on campus were a(n) __50__ idea. Now companies have them everywhere. There’s only so much mindshare to capture.” McCathy emphasized.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In India, almost all marriages are arranged. Even among the educated middle classes in modern urban India, marriage is as much a concern of the families as it is of the __51__. So customary is the practice of arranged marriage that there is a special name for a marriage which is not __52__: It is called a “love match”.On my first trip to India, I met many young men and women whose parents were in the process of “getting them married”. In many cases, the bride and groom would not meet each other before the marriage. __53__ they might meet for a brief conversation, and this meeting would take place only after their parents had decided that the match was __54__. Parents do not force their children to marry a person who either marriage partner finds unacceptable. But only after one match is refused will another be sought.As a young American woman in India for the first time, I found this custom of arranged marriage __55__. How could any intelligent young person __56__ to such a marriage without great reluctance? It was __57__ to everything I believed about the importance of romantic love as the only basis of a happy marriage. It was also in conflict with my strongly held beliefs that the choice of such a close and permanent relationship could be made only by individuals __58__. If anyone had tried to arrange my marriage, I would have been __59__!Sita, one of my young friends, was a college graduate with a degree in political science. Shehad been __60__ for over a year while her parents were arranging a match for her. I found it difficult to accept the obedient（顺从的）manner in which this well-educated young woman awaited the outcome of a process that would __61__ her spending the rest of her life with a man she hardly knew, a total stranger, __62__ by her parents.In frustration and distress, I asked her, “Don’t you care who you __63__?” “Of course I care,” she answered. “This is why I must let my p arents choose a boy for me. My marriage is too important to be arranged by such a(n) __64__ person as myself. In such matters, it is better to have my parents’ __65__”.51. A. classes B. individuals C. society D. country52. A. matched B. decided C. concerned D. arranged53. A. After all B. In addition C. At most D. On average54. A. comfortable B. imperfect C. suitable D. dissatisfying55. A. acceptable B. amazing C. depressing D. strange56. A. agree B. turn C. exchange D. devote57. A. customary B. remarkable C. similar D. contrary58. A. involved B. present C. informed D. available59. A. ambitious B. proud C. rebellious D. puzzled60. A. fighting B. protesting C. waiting D. dreaming61. A. profit from B. hold back C. act out D. result in62. A. picked out B. picked up C. taken up D. taken out63. A. encounter B. favor C. marry D. join64. A. intelligent B. unfortunate C. inexperienced D. careless65. A. blessing B. guidance C. fortune D. promise Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Yo-Yo Ma is one of the most gifted cellists(大提琴手) in the world today. He is known internationally for not only the many classical pieces he performs but also his willingness to think outside of the box musically.Yo-Yo Ma has recorded over 75 albums; many of them strictly considered classical in arrangement, while others differ greatly from classical music. He’s worked with musicians like Bobby Mcferrin and Sting, and explored musical forms that range from traditional Chinese music to bluegrass. His musical explorations, including the scoring or performance in numerous films, have won Ma many awards and honors.Born to Chinese immigrant parents in Paris in 1955, Yo-Yo Ma was already a gifted musician by the time his family moved to the U.S., when he was seven. One of his first performances where he was much noted was a 1962 performance for U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Ma was certainly a genius, appearing on television by the time he was eight and performing with numerous orchestras through his teens.Like many young extraordinary musicians, Yo-Yo Ma’s educational path included the study at the distinguished Juilliard School of Music. Unlike geniuses that stay on a singular path, Ma felt that he wanted to expand his education by taking a traditional liberal arts course at first Columbia and then Harvard University, where he received his bachelor’s degree in 1976. He wasn’t always certain that he should continue to pursue his career as a cellist, and refers to hearing the work ofPablo Casals, the famous Spanish cellist, as inspiration to continue his studies and performance.By the early 1980s, Yo-Yo Ma had become internationally known. He also began to express considerable interest in the possibilities of musical education for children. To that end, he made appearances on Sesame Street and other shows targeted at children.In 1998, Ma started the Silk Road Project, which promotes cooperation among artists, including musicians from around the world. His devotion to bringing together the various cultures represented by the ancient Silk Road is expressed in Ma’s political attitude of peace through music. In 2006, the UN Secretary General Kofi Anan named Ma a Peace Ambassador.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Yo-Yo Ma?A. He has explored a wide range of musical forms.B. He wasn’t well-known in the U.S. until the 1980s.C. He is famous only for the classical pieces he performs.D. He was determined to become a cellist since childhood.67.Whose work has had an influence on Ma in deciding to pursue a career as a cellist?A. Bobby McFerrin’s.B. Kofi Anan’s.C. Pablo Casals’.D. Sting’s.68. Through the Silk Road Project, Yo-Yo Ma intended to ___________.A. continue his studies while performing with musicians all around the worldB. bring together many different cultures represented by the ancient Silk RoadC. become a UN Peace Ambassador by expressing his political attitude of peaceD. promote musical education for children in the countries along the ancient Silk Road69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. To Be Known as Early as PossibleB. Growth Process of a Peace AmbassadorC. University Education: Key Factor to Yo-Yo Ma’s SuccessD. A Talented Musician with Sense of Social ResponsibilitySUNDAY MAY 7 EASY Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove ValleyMeet at 7:30 a.m. at the end of Day RD, Cheltenham, while the bush is alive with birdsong.Round trip: 4 hoursFRIDAY MAY 12 MEDIUM Possum prowlMeet 7:30 p.m. at Seaforth Oval carpark. Enjoy the peace of the bush at night. Lovely water views. Bring torch and wear non-slip shoes as some rock climbing involved. Coffee and FRIDAY JUNE 6 EASY Poetry around a campfireMeet 7:00 p.m. Kalkaari Visitor Center. Share your favourite poem or one of your own with a group around a gently cracking fire. Drinks and food to follow. Bring a cup and a blanket (or a chair).Cost: $4.00 per person.Duration: 2.5 hoursSUNDAY JUNE 25 EASY Morning Walk at Mitchell ParkMeet 8:30 a.m. entrance to Mitchell Park, Mitchell Park Rd. Cattai for a pleasant walkbiscuits supplied.Duration: 2 hoursSUNDAY JUNE 4 HARDBaime Basin TrackMeet 9:30 a.m. Track#8, West Head Road,Magnificent Pittwater views.Visit Beechwood cottage. Bring lunch anddrink. Some steep sections.Reasonable fitness required.likely to join __________.A. Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove ValleyB. Baime Basin TrackC. Poetry around a campfireD. Morning Walk at Mitchell Park71. If you want to enjoy the peace of the bush at night, you are required to __________.A. meet at 7:30 p.m. June 6B. bring slippers with youC. prepare a torchD. climb rocks for two hours72. How many guided walks and nature activities provide food or drink?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.73. In the activity “Morning Walk at Mitchell Park”, one may have no chance to ___________.A.appreciate bird watchingB. enjoy mountain climbingC.take a relaxing walkD. have morning tea( C )ESP, Extra Sensory Perception, is a catch-all expression for the so-called ability of certain people to receive transmitted thoughts from others, to transmit their own thoughts, to see what will happen in the future or to be able to move objects from one place to another without physically touching them. These special people are called psychics. Some believe that we all have this ability to some degree but that most of us choose not to develop it.plenty of claims that have turned out to be cheating. For most people, it is difficult to accept such claims without having had first hand experience. The lack of scientific evidence is another factor to take into account. On the other hand, most of us have, at some time, experienced a seemingly unexplainable occurrence; hearing the telephone ring and knowing who will be on the other end of the line or cases of coincidence that seem to be too extreme to be accidental.Over the years there have been numerous ESP experiments conducted by serious scientists in serious institutions. Joseph Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published a famous book in 1934 called “Extra-Sensory Perception” in which he claimed to have enormous evidence of ESP. However, other scientists have been unable to copy his results since, which has resulted in the book losing much of its original credibility and fame.The Ganzfield Experiments are considered to have been the most carefully examined ESP experiments. So-called psychics had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a “sender” attempted to transmit messages. Later the psychics would compare the messages received to the original messages sent out. There was a great deal of excitement and interest at the time, but the research failed to produce convincing results.One of the strongest criticisms against ESP is that in order for it to exist, the fundamental laws of physics would necessarily have to be broken.Human beings are attracted to the whole range of supernatural phenomena. ESP will always continue to fascinate. This becomes clear when we see how much of the media is dedicated to the topic: magazines, journals, web sites, television and radio programs. Some of the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations who are starting to ask the same questions and to look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Who knows? One day we might just find these answers because one thing is certain: “The truth is out there! ”74. According to the 1st paragraph, a psychic can do the following EXCEPT __________.A. read what his parents are thinking aboutB. transmit one friend’s thought to anotherC. predict what’ll happen at tomorrow’s meetingD. change the position of a chair without touching itA. enthusiasticB. doubtfulC. particularD. curious76. What can be learned about the book “Extra–Sensory Perception” and“the Ganzfield E xperiments”?A. They both failed to prove the existence of ESP scientifically.B. They were both the products of casually-designed research.C. Others followed their examples and got the same consequences.D. The writer and the experiment operators lost their fame eventually.77. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Whether ESP exists.B. How ESP works.C. Who ESP attracts.D. Why ESP fails.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a corner through an “aroma box”, a machine which blows warm, sweet-smelling air into the environment.Heathrow’s move into “sensory” marketing is the la test in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology —the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this “atmosphere” —using smells to influence consumer behavior. On Val entine’s Day two years ago, the chain of chemist’s Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. “Chocolate is associated with love, ” said a marketing spokeswoman, “We thought it would get people in the mood for romance.” She did notreveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent(洗涤剂) more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was similar. On the other hand, a coconut-scented sun cream was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future.Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to recall emotion-filled memories. Perhaps the reason is because smells are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the function of “aroma box” at Heathrow airport?79. The example of “coconut-scented detergent” and “coconut-scented sun cream” is used to showthat __________.80. __________ is of help for the store to leave a better impression on customers.81. What is one of the reasons why smell is considered the most emotional sense?第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位医生已经说服了很多人戒烟。
2014上海奉贤高考英语二模试题(附答案)-推荐下载
2013学年奉贤区调研测试第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.2. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bored.D. Exhausted.3. A. Because she didn’t like him. B. Because visiting hours were over.C. Because he didn’t hear the bell.D. Because she needed to rest.4. A. Stop the bus. B. Walk to the zoo.C. Cross the street.D. Call the police.5. A. On a farm. B. In a planeC. In a coffee shop.D. In a restaurant.6. A. A manager. B. A teacher.C. A worker.D. A secretary.7. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $50.8. A. He is careless about his appearance.B. He is ashamed of his present condition.C. He changes his job frequently.D. He shaves every other day.9. A. Training for the Middle Atlantic Championship.B. Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic (跨大西洋的) trip.C. Collecting information about baseball games.D. Analyzing their opponents’ on-field performance.10. A. Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B. Jane should have started a little earlier.C. He knows what sort of person Jane is.D. He is annoyed at having to wait for Jane.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Teaching music. B. Repairing musical instruments.C. Writing music.D. Making musical instruments.12. A. Teamwork and patience. B. The value of time.C. The truth of society.D. Diligence and confidence.13. A. How to repair musical instruments. B. How to prepare a musical performance.C. Learning experiences of a repairman.D. The enjoyable job of a music lover.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. Developing students’ habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15. A. The ability to have critical analysis.B. Creative use of leisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16. A. Goals to reach in a college education.B. Roles of knowledge in students’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Information About the English Course●Beginning date of the course: 17 1st.●Class schedule for the 18 classes: Every Tuesday, Friday and Saturday from6:30 to 8:30 in the evening.●The facilities in each room: 19 and tape recorders.●The tuition for one course: 20 dollars.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What are the two speakers talking about?Suggestions concerning 21 and advertisingstrategies.What does the woman say about theequipment of their factory?New equipment should 22 long ago.What does the woman suggest about human resources?A few engineers should be employed to 23 .Why does the woman suggest advertising onTV?Advertising in newspapers alone is 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)For most people, meat is a necessary part of any meal. But just ask yourself, would you still eat it if you knew that it had come from a cloned chicken or pig?The European Food Safety Authority has, so far, found no indication（25）______ food products, such as milk and meat, from cloned animals, are less safe than ones from normal animals. However, there are still economic and ethical(伦理的) concerns related to (26) ______(eat)cloned animals.That’s (27)______the European Union has launched a proposal to ban the sale and import of food from cloned animals.First of all, cloning is extremely costly. More importantly, cloning has a low success rate. It means that many cloned animals won’t survive into adulthood, and some (28)______ die before they are even born. This causes unnecessary suffering among animals and is opposed by animal rights supporters.While it would make it illegal to sell and import cloned animals, the proposal says that (29) ______sale and import of food from the offspring (后代) of clones would be allowed since they are not considered to be the direct products of cloning. But they are required to be clearly labeled (30)____________customers can choose whether they want them or not.The proposal (31)______ (put)to the European Parliament and member states, and it is not expected to come into force until 2016.(B)California has long attracted visitors seeking fortune, fame or both. Way back in 1849, hundreds of thousands started digging (32)______gold in the great Gold Rush of California, a historical event that(33)______ (capture) the American imagination.Nowadays, the state is the most diverse（多元化的）in the entire mainland US – both in terms of the races of its people and the languages that(34)______ speak. Thus, California is a true example of the “melting pot”, so often (35)______(associate) with the US.But why is it(36)______ all these different types of people choose to live and work in California? You’ve probably heard of Silicon Valley. Located outside of San Francisco in northern California, it is home to many of the world’s most successful technology companies. (37) ______ you ever send texts on an iPhone, e-mail with Yahoo, search on Google or edit pictures with Photoshop, then you have Silicon Valley to thank.But it’s not just electronic innovation that inspires people to move to California. Another major draw is one of (38)______ (old)American dreams — the chance (39)______ (become) a movie or TV star. People (40)______ visit California get a special rush from going to Mount Lee in Santa Monica and seeing the famous Hollywood sign, a lasting symbol of the American film and television industries.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This question has remained unsolved for hundreds of years, yet soon it might not be a problem anymore — the egg of the future may not 41 a chicken at all.But if not from a chicken, where will the egg come from? Apparently, a plant is one of the possibilities, as Hampton Creek, a food technology company in San Francisco, US, has found. They created a 42 for eggs, called Beyond Eggs, using a mixture of 11 plants, including sunflowers and a variety of beans.Unlike the image you might now have in your mind, Beyond Eggs look nothing like 43 eggs. They are sold as gray powder that you mix with water before cooking. But the final productA. regularB. eventuallyC. inspiredD. valueE. substituteF. whollyG. botherH. estimatesI. involveJ. resistantK. replacingtastes just like the real thing.But the question is, why 44 with “plant eggs”? What’s the problem with ordinary eggs?The truth is that 99 percent of our eggs come from industrial warehouses(养鸡场仓库) where chickens are crowded into cages too small for them to even spread their wings. This cruelty is what 45 Hampton Creek to carry out the Beyond Eggs project in the first place.In addition, the cages where chickens are kept so close together are a hotbed for viruses. To help the chickens stay healthy, farmers feed them antibiotics(抗生素), which may cause dangerous bacteria to grow 46 to the drugs and 47 spread to humans through eggs and meat.In fact, 48 the egg is not a new idea, but Beyond Eggs seems to be the most successful attempt so far.Besides their great taste and eco-friendliness, Beyond Eggs provide the same nutritional 49 as real eggs, and they’re even healthier since they don’t contain cholesterol (胆固醇). The company also 50 that the cost of their products is around 19 percent less than real eggs, which makes them more affordable.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have you ever gotten a sunburn? If you have, you’ve already learned the hard way about the sun’s ultraviolet (紫外线的), or UV light. It can burn your skin so bad that it turns it red or even makes it peel off. The 51 helps you remember to wear sunscreen the next time.Well, Earth has its own version of sunscreen, the ozone (臭氧) layer, which 52 us allfrom the vast majority of the UV light released by the sun. Without it, we wouldn’t just get a sunburn. Life on Earth would go 53 due to the hugely damaging power of all those UV rays.The ozone layer 54 Earth’s stratosphere (同温层), a part of the atmosphere that 55 from about 10 kilometers up to nearly 50 kilometers above the ground. Despite its name, the ozone layer isn’t just ozone gas. It contains relatively higher concentrations of ozone than the lower atmosphere, but that’s still a small amount 56 those of the main elements of the atmosphere. Even so, it 57 a lot of UV rays, preventing them from reaching the surface of Earth.However, people weren’t fully aware of its importance until 1985, when a huge hole in the layer was found over Antarctica.The 58 quickly pointed to a kind of chemical called chlorofluorocarbon, or CFC, which was widely used in refrigerators, air conditioners and hairsprays. CFCs are able to rise up to the stratosphere and cause reactions that destroy ozone. With a 59 ozone layer, people on Earth are more likely to develop skin cancer, cataracts (白内障) and other health problems due to too much UV light 60 .As a result of this discovery, an international treaty (条约) called the Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 to 61 the manufacture of CFC products so that the ozone layer could slowly recover and return to its natural state by 2050.62 , at a time when it seemed that everything was going back to 63 , earlier this month scientists detected four new man-made gases in Greenland and Australia that could causes new risks to the ozone layer.Scientists haven’t identified the 64 of the gases, but “this highlights that ozone loss is not yet yesterday’s story,” said Professor Piers Forster from the University of Leeds, UK, to BBC. Scientists believe that there are more such gases out there, and they still have much work to do to “ 65 the holes”.51. A. harm B. loss C. pain D. factor52. A. survives B. shades C. prevents D. covers53. A. extinct B. helpless C. meaningless D. wrong54. A. links to B.lies in C. looks to D. consists of55. A. receives B. locates C. extends D. varies56. A. belonged to B. turned to C. taken to D. compared to57. A. absorbs B. captures C. figures D. imposes58. A. result B. evidence C. trace D. movement59. A. further B. clearer C. thinner D. broader60. A. return B. exposure C. companion D. approach61. A. ban B. oppress C. motivate D. recycle62. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However63. A. minor B. bitter C. concrete D. normal64. A. source B. guidance C. condition D. destination65. A. fasten B. heighten C. tighten D. strengthenSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In December 2008, Caroline Kennedy — daughter of the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy—sat down, as a frontrunner for the Senate seat in New York, for a televised interview that helped decide the future of her campaign. The result was a disaster.Her performance wasn’t well received, in part because her speech was full of filler words—“ums,” “ahs” and “you knows.” One listener counted 27 “ums” and 38 “you knows” in the space of five minutes. A few weeks after the interview, Kennedy ended her Senate campaign.Filler words may seem natural in everyday speech, but they can be deadly in formal presentations. “Using excessive fillers is the most annoying speech habit,” said Susan Ward, a speech specialist. “They take your listener’s attention away often to the point that he doesn’t hear anything you say. Your message is entirely lost.”Many speakers are afraid of pause. They believe their audience will think they are inarticulate（不善于表达）if they pause to think of what to say next, so they use filler words to avoid the silence. However, a pause is actually more impressive than a filler word. Listeners know that the speaker is thinking, trying to find the right word. Sometimes a pause can actually improve a speech, as when an actor uses a dramatic pause to hold the attention of his audience. A speaker shouldn’t be afraid to pause occasionally during a speech; it shows self-confidence.It takes some work to cut out filler words. You can begin by taking a few seconds to think about what you want to say the next time you are asked a question. This pause will help you begin powerfully, and it will help you avoid using a filler word.The same public speaking technique applies when you are shifting from one idea to another. While you may be tempted to fill the silence between ideas with a filler word, remember to allow yourself to pause and think about what you want to say next.If you need help overcoming your “um” problem, consider asking a family member or a friend to point out when you use filler words. You also could record an upcoming presentation and then watch yourself in action. You may be amazed at how often you say “um” or “uh”!Although we live in a fast-paced society that seemingly demands instant answers, we must use the pause to our advantage. Finally, we should only speak when we are ready.66. In the first two paragraphs of the article the writer intends to ______.A. introduce Caroline Kennedy to readersB. illustrate how deadly filler words can be in the public speechC. explain what filler words areD. remind readers that they should count filler words used in public speeches67. The reason why filler words are considered annoying by speech specialist is that ______.A. they prevent the listener from focusing on what the speaker is saying.B. they convey the speaker’s superiority to the listener.C. they mean the speaker is not articulate at all.D. they make the speaker appear self-confident.68. When used properly, pauses in speeches can actually ______.A. give the speaker more credibilityB. hold the attention of the audienceC. show the speaker’s deep insightD. help the audience relax69. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to get rid of filler words?A. To have mental training in order to think faster.B. To ask someone else to point out when you use filler words.C. To watch a recording of your own speech.D. To practice thinking for a moment before answering a question.(B)Scholarship Application Tips in 2013 for college students• Before you apply1. Work hard to get good grades. Don’t sweat about one bad grade, but always strive to do your best.2. Get involved, and stay involved, in out-of-class activities. Sports, clubs, drama, bands and orchestras — these often count toward a student’s overall scholarship application evaluation. The same goes for paid (or unpaid) work experience.3. Begin your scholarship research early — by your sophomore (大学二年级) or junior year of high school, if possible. Make special note of application deadlines, as they can vary from late summer to late spring.4. Apply for as many scholarships as you are eligible(符合条件的) for — several smallerscholarships can add up to a lot of money.• During the application process1. Read the supplementary materials that come with scholarship application forms to better understand the program’s focus (community service, subject interest). Try to answer the questions with the focus area in mind.2. Answer questions as they are asked. Don’t go off topic.3. If there is a financial section to the application, make sure you get accurate and complete information from all appropriate sources to ensure your eligibility.4. Take your time. Write down everything you can think of for each question, then set the application aside for a day so you can look everything over again before you send it off.5. Don’t wait until the last minute to complete your application, especially if you are applying online. Computer systems can get blocked with the large volume of applicants hoping to submit (上交)their qualifications during the last few days and hours before a deadline.6. If a third party has to complete part of your application, such as providing a letter of recommendation, make sure you ask them early on and remind them as often as necessary to ensure they provide you with the necessary materials.7. Last but not least, review your application with your parents to make sure you haven’t left out any important details.Good luck to the students applying for the 2013 scholarship programs!70. Before you apply for a scholarship, it’s best to ______.A. pay more attention to grades than to out-of-class activitiesB. focus on only one scholarship applicationC. get as much work experience as possibleD. begin your preparation as early as possible71. The underlined phrase “sweat about” most probably means ______.A. worry aboutB. feel regret overC. think ofD. be crazy about72. When you are answering questions on the application form, you should ______.A. focus on the subject you are interested inB. answer to the pointC. list your advantagesD. prove your abilities73. The author suggests that applicants should ______.A. submit the application in the few daysB. double-check their application with their parentsC. complete and submit the application in one dayD. avoid submitting the application online(C)Recently, a case of lifeboat ethics (伦理) occurred. On Aug. 4, Graham and Sheryl Anley, while boating off the coast of South Africa, hit a rock. As the boat threatened to sink, the husband got off, but his wife was trapped in the boat. Instead of freeing his wife and getting her to shore, Graham grabbed Rosie, their pet dog. With Rosie safe and sound, Graham returned for Sheryl. All are doing fine.It’s a great story, but it doesn’t strike me as especially newsworthy. News is supposed to be about something fairly unique, and recent research suggests that, in the right circumstances, lots of people also would have grabbed their Rosie first.We have strange relationships with our pets. We look after our pets with great love and better health care than billions of people receive. We speak to pets with the same high-pitched voices that we use for babies. As an extreme example of our feelings about pets, the Nazis had strict laws that guaranteed the kind treatment of the pets of Jews being shipped to death camps.A recent paper by George Regents University demonstrates this human involvement with pets to an astonishing extent. Participants in the study were told a situation in which a bus is out of control, bearing down on a dog and a human. Which do you save? With responses from more than 500 people, the answer was that it depended: What kind of human and what kind of dog?Everyone would save a brother, grandparent or close friend rather than a strange dog. But when people considered their own dog VS people less connected with them—a distant cousin or a hometown stranger—votes in favor of saving the dog came rolling in. And an astonishing 40% of respondents, including 46% of women, voted to save their dog over a foreign tourist.What does a finding like this mean? First, that your odds aren’t so good if you find yourself in another country with a bus bearing down on you and a cute dog. But it also points to something deeper: our unprecedented(史无前例的) attitude toward animals, which got its start with the birth of kind-hearted societies in the 19th century.We prison people who abuse animals, put ourselves in harm’s way in boats between whales and whalers and show sympathy to Bambi and his mother. We can extend sympathy to an animal and feel its pain like no other species. But let’s not be too proud of ourselves. As this study and too much of our history show, we’re pretty selective about how we extend our kindness to other human beings.74. What is the function of the first paragraph?A. To create a relaxing mood for readers.B. To present the theme of this essay straightly.C. To lead in the main topic of this essay.D. To raise problems that will be solved later.75. The author mentions Nazi laws in the third paragraph _______________.A. to show how cruel the Nazis were to the JewsB. as an example to persuade people not to love petsC. to illustrate the strange relationship between human and petsD. as an example to display the kindness of the Nazis76. Which of the following is true according to the article?A. The story of the Anleys and their dog was too unique to be newsworthy.B. Most people surveyed choose to save their own dog rather than a human.C. It was in the 19th century that human beings started to love their pets.D. Human beings are more and more concerned with animals nowadays.77. What does the author mainly argue for?A. Pets are of great significance to us human beings.B. We should rethink about our attitude towards animals and mankind.C. It is kind of human beings to extend kindness to animals.D. We should be selective when showing attitude toward other human beings.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Do you melt at the creaminess of full-fat yogurt? Well, chances are you’ve been told to resist the temptation if you’re on a diet. The reason behind this seems pretty straightforward: The extra calories packed into the fat are bad for our waistlines.But what if dairy fat isn’t the dietary evil we believe it is? In fact, two recent studies have concluded that the consumption of whole-fat dairy is linked to reduced body fat.In one paper, published by Swedish researchers in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, middle-aged men who consumed high-fat milk, butter and cream were significantly less likely to become too fat over a period of 12 years compared with men who never or rarely ate high-fat dairy.The second study, published in the European Journal of Nutrition, is an analysis of 16 other studies. There has been an assumption that high-fat dairy foods contribute to overweight, but the reviewers concluded that the evidence does not support this assumption. In fact, the reviewers found that in most of the studies, high-fat dairy was associated with a lower risk of overweight.It’s not clear what might explain this phenomenon. Some researchers point to the satiety（饱腹感）factor. The higher levels of fat in whole milk products may make us feel fuller, faster. And as a result, the thinking goes, we may end up eating less.Or the explanation could be more complex. “There may be bioactive substances in the milk fat that may be altering our metabolism（新陈代谢）in a way that helps us use the fat and burn it for energy, rather than storing it in our bodies,” says Greg Miller, executive vice president of America’s National Dairy Council.Whatever the mechanism, this association between higher dairy fat and lower body weight appears to hold up in children, too. And in addition to the body weight association, whole milk contains beneficial omega3 fatty acids.However, some people should still avoid consuming too much whole-milk dairy products. These products are relatively high in saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and eating too much saturated fat can increase the risk of heart disease. So many experts agree that adults with high cholesterol（胆固醇）should continue to limit dairy fat.78. Why are dieters told to stay away from full-fat dairy products?_____________________________________________________________.79. Both studies came to the same conclusion that _____________.80. Besides the satiety factor, what might help explain the new findings?______________________________________________________________.81. Experts still agree that full-fat dairy products may not be good for those who _____________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)第Ⅱ卷（共45分）Ⅰ.Translation（22分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1. 18岁意味着你要对自己的言行负责了。
2014上海市各区高三英语二模整理汇编【阅读回答问题】
2014上海市各区高三英语二模整理汇编【阅读回答问题】（1）虹口“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents.Analysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached. Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so great that many students now attend local schools.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “It is ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times —and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains. “He neve r liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away to meet them at friends? houses.”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on. Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. What?s t he most important reason for young adults? returning to the nest?79. Knighton enjoys living at home due to ________.80. What has resulted in the Michelle Del Turco?s unhappy experience with her dad?81. From the passage, we can conclude it is ________ that benefit(s) both adult children and their parents to avoid lengthy homecomings.（2）黄浦Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a corner through an “aroma box”, a machine which blows warm, sweet-smelling air into the environment.Heathrow?s move into “sensory” marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology —the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this “atmosphere” —using smell s to influence consumer behavior. On Valentine?sDay two years ago, the chain of chemist?s Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. “Chocolate is associated with l ove, ” said a marketing spokeswoman, “We thought it would get people in the mood for romance.” She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent(洗涤剂) more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that thedetergent used in both was similar. On the other hand, a coconut-scented sun cream was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future.Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to recall emotion-filled memories. Perhaps the reason is because smells are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the function of “aroma box” at Heathrow airport?79. The example of “coconut-scented detergent” and “coconut-scented sun cream” is used to show that__________.80. __________ is of help for the store to leave a better impression on customers.81. What is one of the reasons why smell is considered the most emotional sense?（3）静杨青宝Not for the first time, Paul Mathis wants us to change. But this time he isn?t trying to get us to go vegetarian, or dine only on locally grown ingredients. This time he?s trying to get us to type differently.Paul Mathis, a restaurateur from Melbourne who owns a string of dining establishments, has designed the letter “?” —representing the word “the”. Now he is pushing Apple to allow him to promote his app, which features the new character, in its iTunes store.In a move to branch out of the food business, Paul has invested AUS $38,000 (￡23,500) in the new app, but has so far been rejected by Apple. He is hoping he can change their mind, pointing out that reducing the word “the” — the most used word in the English language —to one character would be helpful for Twitter and swift typing.“Is this important?” he said, in an interview with The Sydney Morning Herald. “No. Is this going to change the world? Not really. But is it something that might be useful for people? I think so, because it can sa ve people lots of time on keyboard.”“The word …and? is only the fifth-most used word in English and it has its own symbol —the ampersand …&?,” said Mr. Mathis. “Isn?t it time we gave the same respect to …the??”The top five most commonly used words in the English language are said to be: the, be, to, of, and “and”. The ampersand “&” has at times been used as the 27th letter of the English alphabet.Paul has developed the typography — effectively an upper-case “T” and a lower-case “h” bunc hed together so they share the upright stem — and an app that puts it in everyone?s hand by allowing users to download an entirely new electronic keyboard complete not just with his symbol but also a row of keys of 15 most frequently typed words.So far, though, the take-up has been minimal. But that might change if he can get his innovation into Apple?s app store. The problem is, the Californian tech giant has so far resisted his advances. But who knows — maybe in 500 years? time people will be amazed that there was a tim e when we didn?t use …??.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. What is Paul Mathis?________________________________________________________________ __________79. Paul designs the new letter “?” to repres ent the word “the” because he thinks________________________________________________________________ __________.80. The main difference between the new and the old electronic keyboard is that the new one________________________________________________________________ __________.81. How can Paul attract more people to download his new keyboard?________________________________________________________________ __________(4)浦东Now many people strive to be a follower of the LOHAS movement. LOHAS means “lifestyles of health and sustainability.” This term was coined in 2000 by two American scholars.Loha sians believe in leading a healthy lifestyle that is actively involved in preserving the earth?s environment and resources. According to Lohasians, respect for on?e own mental and physical health should exist in parallel with care for the earth?s ecology. They believe their actions, in this way, can have a positive effect on our global environment, and might be able to minimize the negative effects of people?s mindless and selfish consumption.Take organic foods for example. Lohasians prefer them,not only because they are chemical-free and good for the human body, but also because they are cultivated using natural fertilizers, which do not harm the soil. Even more Lohasians turn to locally grown produce, the transportation of which consumes far less than that of imported goods. As global warming has become a universal concern, Lohasians are anxious to find ways to cut down on energy consumption.Indeed, Lohasians are always considering the long-term impact of their behavior on the planet. As more consumers are adopting LOHAS values, this growing trend has dawned on the corporate world and they begin to practice responsible capitalism, which means providing goods and services using environmentally friendly and economically sustainable business practices. For instance, Coca-Cola?s effo rts in the area of sustainable packaging focus mainly on “using and reduce itsimpact on the environment. As a result, the company saved 89,000 metric tons of glass in 2007 alone, and, therefore, reduced carbon dioxide emissions to a level equivalent to that of the planting of more than 13,000 acres of trees.Clearly, LOHAS values have become a significant trend in the world today. Individ ual or corporate “cultural creatives”are promoting these values by challenging old traditions and habits, and building new lifestyles. Although whether these practices will bring immediate benefits to the environment and the health of people today remains unknown, Lohasians are confident that these practices will benefit their children and future generations. All individuals should evolve into Lohasians and take action to save the planet, before it is too late.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. Lohasians are convinced that through their responsible actions, _____________________ might be reduced toa minimum.79. Why is locally grown produce favoured by Lohasians?80. Consumers? growing trend of LOHAS values has inspired companies to _____________________________ __________.81. In terms of their practices, Lohasians are not sure of _____________________________________________.(5) 普陀All of us exist in …bodies? of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people?s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat …unhealthy? food s, tosmoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of these factors impact upon the condition of a person?s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are morelikely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, for example, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a …full figure?, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms, but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being …overweight?is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mental health issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as …wrong? and unhealthy.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Besides social factors, what are the other two reasons for differences in bodies?79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people?s ______ and ______.80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______.81. The “This” in the last paragraph refers to ______.（6）徐汇松江金山Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon(1865) and Around the Moon(1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.Given the year in which he was writing, Verne?s predictions were v ery good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne?s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne?s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne?s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by usingthe concept of suspended animation—a deep sleep in which a person doesn't grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very popular. It follows the adventures ofa large space ship with over 400 crew members that flies around the universe at speeds faster than light. This is a wonderful dream, but it will probably never come to fulfillment. The laws of physics tell us that it is quite impossible for any object to travel faster than the speed of light.It?s clear to see that science fiction has progressed along with science and technology. Science fiction writers continue to study scientific concepts and to use them to portray the future. Looking back at their ideas, some were correct and cannot be distinguished from today?s reality; many others were nothing but fiction. But, they have always inspired new generations of humans to dream of someday going into space.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Twelve Words.)78.According to the passage, what did early science fiction writers do to help reveal what future space travelmight look like?79.If the modern spaceship were shot into space by analogy with a gun, the astronauts in it would___________________________.80.The space travelers in early science fictions didn?t wear space suits, because___________________________________________________.81.According to the passage, suspended animation was a concept used in science fiction to_______________________________（7）闸北In North America, the Colorado（科罗拉多）River is a legend. It has sustained generations of people and many generations of wildlife. Once free, the Colorado now has many dams along its1,450 miles. Its life-giving water is divided up among seven U.S. states according to several agreements, which has caused the heaviest hit on the eco-balance of the river as no region would lose advantages compared with neighbours in the use of the river, thus inappropriate use was well expected.The Colorado once supported a vast delta（三角洲）where it met the Gulf of California. T oday the lush plantations are just memories, displaced by invasive species capable of surviving in soils poisoned by salt. The drying of the delta has huge effect on the local people. As many as 5,000 people were living in the delta 400 years ago. Today, about 300 remain. There is a delta culture at risk of extinction, partly owing to outside job opportunities and marital mobility. However, the worsening living environment caused partly by horrible grab of the waters of the Colorado River has beaten all the other reasons.It?s easy to blame farmers along the Colorado for drawing waters from its channel to water their crops or quench the thirst of their cows. They are immediate consumers of water from the Colorado, but the truth is that we, ordinary American consumers, are all at least partially responsible. Many of us have bought products that come from the region, whether in the form of paper, hamburgers, or electronics. We live in an increasingly connected world, in which we take up “virtual water” in the form of products and even services. In the U.S., we use twice as much water per person as the global average.Though it may seem to work in the short term, we can barely fix the Colorado by piping water from another place. But change is urgent. Use a water calculator to see how much water you use every day. Pay special attention to saving every drop of water hidden in your diet and wardrobe. And keep away from life stylesthat might waste water. In all, try to form a water-efficient habit.Besides, technology improvement will also be explored to make change happen in the rescue efforts. These technologies include methods to increase farming efficiency, and ways to replace invasive, water-sucking plants with native species.Anyway, it?s time we humans rose up and repaid the mother river that has long been nurturing us.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the biggest factor to damage the Colorado nature?79. The major reason of the Delta culture disappearance is _____.80. Who are the two groups of people to blame for Colorado water shortage?81. Two ways to turn around the Colorado situation are to ______.（8）长宁嘉定For decades, a small percentage of homeowners have been installing solar panels (嵌板) on their rooftops. Those panels collect solar energy and change it into electricity. Until recently, the panels were too expensive for average homeowners, and their designs were anything but appealing. Thanks to new advances, however, solar panels for homes are becoming cheaper and less awkward, causing more homeowners to consider installing them.Last fall furniture seller IKEA began selling solar panels in its U.K. stores. Of course, home improvement stores such as Home Depot have been selling panels for a while. But the initiative by IKEA is seen as a way to bring the Do It Yourself solar option tothe masses. While shopping for inexpensive furniture, shoppers could add a box or two of solar panels to their carts. IKEA is partnering with a company that handles installation and servicing of the panels, making the switch to solar easy for customers. If all goes well, IKEA plans to begin selling the panels in other countries soon.SolTech, a Swedish tech company, offers a solar-power solution that is much more pleasing to the eye than traditional solar panels. Instead of flat panels, SolTech offers a glass tile(瓦片) solution that goes well with existing tiled roof designs. The see-through tiles have a silver-gray color to them, and their shape fits traditional tiled roof designs. SolTech currently offers the solar systems that heat the home?s air or water and one solar PV system that produces electricity.New Energy Technologies, Inc. is developing a solar application that won?t be installed on rooftops. Instead, the first-of-its-kind SolarWindow TM technology enables see-through windows to produce electricity in the way of showering their glass surfaces with the company?s patent-pending (专利申请中的) electricity-producing coatings. Amazingly, SolarWindow TM can produce electricity in low-light conditions and can even turn indoor light into electricity! This product holds great promise for commercial buildings since about 60 percent of a commercial building?s surface is covered with windows.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Solar panels on homeowners? rooftops work by __________.79. What is IKEA doing to popularize their DIY solar option?80. SolTech?s solar panels are prettier because the see-through glass tiles are __________.81. How is SolarWindow TM technology used to produce electricity?（9）崇明How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day? Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the usual situation for many people.You probably don?t need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health —from an increased risk of heart disease and obesity (肥胖) in the long term, to reduced cholesterol (胆固醇) maintenance in the short term, not to mention the pressure on your neck and spine (脊柱).To make matters worse, a growing body of research suggests that the negative effects of sitting too much cannot be countered with a good diet and regular exercise, according to an article in The New York Times. Thearticle reported that a study of nearly 9, 000 Australians found that for each additional hour of television a person watched per day, the risk of dying rose by 11 percent. In other words, sitting is killing us.Stand up for health. Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent standing.The BBC and the University of Chester in the UK conducted a simple experiment with a small group of 10 volunteers who usually spent most of the day sitting. They were asked to stand for at least three hours a day. The researchers took measurements on days when the volunteers stood, and when they sat around. When they looked at the data, there were some striking differences. Blood sugar became level after a meal much quicker on the days when the volunteers in the study stood compared with the days they spent in a chair. Standing alsoburned more calories (热量单位：卡路里)—about 50 calories an hour. Over the course of a year that would add up to about 30, 000 extra calories, or around 3.63 kilograms of fat.John Buckley, a member of the research team, said that although doing exercise offers many proven benefits, our bodies also need the constant, almost imperceptible (感觉不到的) increase in muscle activity that standing provides. Simple movement helps us to keep our all-important blood sugar under control.The researchers believe that even small adjustments, like standing while talking on the phone, going over to talk to a colleague rather than sending an e-mail, or simply taking the stairs instead of the elevator, will help.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Accordi ng to the context, the underlined expression “be countered with” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by “________”.79. The two findings of the simple experiment conducted by the BBC and the University of Chester in the UK arethat standing _________.80. Why is standing better than doing exercise according to John Buckley?81. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?(10) 奉贤Do you melt at the creaminess of full-fat yogurt? Well, chances are you?ve been told to resist the temptation if you?re on a diet. The reason behind this seems pretty straightforward: The extra calories packed into the fat are bad for our waistlines.But what if dairy fat isn?t the dietary evil we believe it is? Infact, two recent studies have concluded that the consumption of whole-fat dairy is linked to reduced body fat.In one paper, published by Swedish researchers in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, middle-aged men who consumed high-fat milk, butter and cream were significantly less likely to become too fat over a period of 12 years compared with men who never or rarely ate high-fat dairy.The second study, published in the European Journal of Nutrition, is an analysis of 16 other studies. There has been an assumption that high-fat dairy foods contribute to overweight, but the reviewers concluded that the evidence does not support this assumption. In fact, the reviewers found that in most of the studies, high-fat dairy was associated with a lower risk of overweight.It?s not clear what might explain this phen omenon. Some researchers point to the satiety (饱腹感) factor. The higher levels of fat in whole milk products may make us feel fuller, faster. And as a result, the thinking goes, we may end up eating less.Or the explanation could be more complex. “There ma y be bioactive substances in the milk fat that may be altering our metabolism (新陈代谢) in a way that helps us use the fat and burn it for energy, rather than storing it in our bodies,” says Greg Miller, executive vice president of America?s National Dairy Cou ncil.Whatever the mechanism, this association between higher dairy fat and lower body weight appears to hold up in children, too. And in addition to the body weight association, whole milk contains beneficial omega3 fatty acids.However, some people should still avoid consuming too much whole-milk dairy products. These products are relativelyhigh in saturated fat (饱和脂肪), and eating too much saturated fat can increase the risk of heart disease. So many experts agree that adults with high cholesterol (胆固醇) should continue to limit dairy fat.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. Why are dieters told to stay away from full-fat dairy products?_____________________________________________________________.79. Both studies came to the same conclusion that _____________.80. Besides the satiety factor, what might help explain the new findings?______________________________________________________________.81. Experts still agree that full-fat dairy products may not be good for those who _____________.(11)闵行By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it?s close to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven?t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually indicates a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignment, and schedules on websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally。
2014届上海市徐汇区、金山区、松江区高三二模英语试卷及答案(官方版)
2013学年第二学期徐汇区、松江区、金山区学习能力诊断高三年级英语学科2014.4第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman. B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office. B. At a fast-food restaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk.3. A. One hour later. B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around ten minutes.4. A. $8. B. $12. C. $16. D. $20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.6. A. What to take up as a hobby. B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with.7. A. Classmates. B. Lecturers. C. Strangers. D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it. B. He hasn‟t got a w hole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking for a publisher now.9. A. A head waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer. D. A receptionist.10. A. He‟s not surprised at the woman‟s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won‟t give th e woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.D. He understands the woman‟s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In small cups. B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored in the ground.12. A. It came from a river. B. It was extremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dug up from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers. B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way of trading foods in old times. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She enjoyed removing others‟ drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes clean windows as my mother did.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called Paris Hilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver‟s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make an example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican P arty. “The judge 27______ have put her in jail for four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only a four-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver's window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this bill to protect the public. There‟s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility ser iously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The state senate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and Governor Schwarzenegger has promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of Califor nia, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,”said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers‟ book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger‟s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I‟d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I‟ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I‟m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you thefirst time we fought, but I want you to know I‟m not,”he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, …Good work, Tony‟ and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“Here‟s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That‟s the problem with gossip: it‟s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “L et‟s meet for coffee andhave a bit of a gossip,”I‟m inviting you to a social 45______ in which twopeople chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be verydull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it‟s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do notmean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______.A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it‟s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer‟s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world‟s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico‟s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51.A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading52.A. map B. mine C. shape D. honour53.A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately54.A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation55.A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible56.A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom57.A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable58.A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation59.A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences60.A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed61.A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes62.A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic63.A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social64.A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively65.A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. educationSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don‟t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise useof fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person‟s body doesn‟t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask a t this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor‟s supervision.66.After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.67.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don‟t give the body everything itneeds.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body whatit needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the requiredvitamins.68.Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69.According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald‟s in April. Within a month doct ors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After a ll, McDonald‟s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald‟s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). M r. Cantalupo was a McDonald‟s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promise d chief executive‟s address, from the firm‟s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm‟s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald‟s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team‟s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald‟s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald‟s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70.The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board‟s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71.The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someonewho _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person‟s position when that person leaves72.Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People‟s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73.In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one‟s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objectspresented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74.According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75.What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one‟s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76.According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77.Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts.B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon(1865) and Around the Moon(1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.Given the year in which he was writing, Verne‟s predictions were very good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne‟s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne‟s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne‟s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by using the concept of suspended animation —a deep sleep in which a person doesn't grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very popular. It follows the adventures of a large space ship with over 400 crew members that flies around the universe at speeds faster than light. This is a wonderful dream, but it will probably never come to fulfillment. The laws of physics tell us that it is quite impossible for any object to travel faster than the speed of light.It‟s clear to see that science fiction has progressed along with science and technology. Science fictio n writers continue to study scientific concepts and to use them to portray the future. Looking back at their ideas, some were correct and cannot be distinguished from today‟s reality; many others were nothing but fiction. But, they have always inspired new generations of humans to dream of someday going into space.78.According to the passage, what did early science fiction writers do to help reveal what future spacetravel might look like?79.If the modern spaceship were shot into space by analogy with a gun, the astronauts in it would___________________________.80.The space travelers in early science fictions didn‟t wear space suits, because___________________________________________________.81.According to the passage, suspended animation was a concept used in science fiction to_______________________________(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Twelve Words.)。
上海市黄浦区2014届高三英语二模试卷(含答案及听力文字)
黄浦区2014年高考模拟考英语试卷2014年4月10日下午考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2. 本试卷设试卷和答题卷两部分。
试卷分为第I卷和第II卷。
所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题卷纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. August 6. B. August 7. C. August 13. D. August 19.2. A. A coat store. B. A chemist‟s. C. A dry cleaner. D. A watch shop.3. A. Policeman and driver. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and clerk.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. A brand of jeans. B. A new hair style. C. Popular stars. D. School uniforms.5. A. The man enjoys dramas very much.B. Soap operas aren‟t the woman‟s favorite.C. The woman has watched a lot of soap operas.D. The man doesn‟t want to watch a drama with the woman.6. A. Anxious. B. Casual. C. Supportive. D. Unbelieving.7. A. The style of the watch. B. Her boyfr iend‟s figure.C. The price of the watch.D. Her boy friend‟s preference.8. A. The damage to the environment. B. The location of the hotel.C. The demand of the job market.D. The solution to the issue.9. A. Sh e can‟t afford that much for a t rip.B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.C. Sh e doesn‟t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip.D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money.10. A. Skipping the meal to lose weight. B. Having the pizza with the woman.C. Ordering food to be eaten at home.D. Dining out instead of eating at home. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Engine trouble. B. Poor weather. C. Tall waterfalls. D. Tight budget.12. A. Amazing as well as tough. B. Funny while incredible.C. Disappointing but rewarding.D. Fascinating and well-paid.13. A. A mechanic. B. A photographer. C. A travel writer. D. A weather man.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because it is totally beyond most students‟ ability.B. Because it doesn‟t help people today learn from history.C. Because students should be taught from the past forward.D. Because this kind of teaching approach is out-of-fashion.15. A. By studying with the traditional approach.B. By keeping names, places and dates in mind.C. By putting forward questions about the near future.D. By looking into the past for answers to present problems.16. A. To explain the history of education.B. To state the purpose of learning history.C. To criticize students‟ habits of history study.D. To present a new method of history education.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each blank.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each blank.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Since my retirement from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time 25. ______ (paint) as an artist. I actually began drawing in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover 26. _____ the loss of my father, or maybe it was just paintings 27. _____ brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes much influenced by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but 28. _____ _____ ______ I walked out of the school door for the last time, I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be 29. _____ (close) to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, 30. _____ (display) my paintings at a number of art shows.It is wonderful to have some time doing 31. _____ I want to d o. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart‟s desire.”( B )In the last decade, research 32. _____ (show) that resistance exercise can help numerous disease states, including depression. You can improve your overall health just by watching your weight and taking walks in the neighborhood. But 33. _____ you want to improve your fitness —look better, maximize health, have more energy, prevent injuries —you need to do more.In recent years, emphasis has shifted to a type of resistance training 34. _____ builds muscles used in day-to-day tasks, helping avoid injury or re-injury. 35. _____ (call) functional strength training, it helps with tasks such as lifting infants in and out of car seats or lifting garage doors. Another goal is 36. _____ (reduce) the risk factors in patients with long-term diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.“Part of my job is trying to convince that 85-year-old woman that she really 37. _____ start weight lifting. 38. _____ who need persuading are women rece ntly treated for breast cancer.” says Dr. Dennis Kerrigan, at Henry Ford Health System‟s Center for Athletic Medicine.“Friends and family tell them, …Take it easy,‟ but chemotherapy(化疗) can reduce muscle mass, leaving body fat that is linked to cancer returning,”he says. “My suggestion? Strength training. It‟s taken a long time for women to realize 39. _____ important strength training is, but once they try it, they 40. _____ (hook).”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.When US‟ Duke University second-year student Christian Drappi sees someone using a Square (an electronic payment service) credit card reader, he pulls out his phone, takes a picture and uploads it to Twitter. “It kind of spreads like __41__ through Twitter,” said Drappi, who is a campus brand representative for Square.Companies are __42__ using college campus brand representatives to spread the word about their products. These representatives often rely on word-of-mouth tools like social media to __43__ the company and any promotional events they host.Though the brand representative is no stranger to the college marketing scene, social media are changing how these representatives __44__ with students of their same age and how effectively their message is communicated. Companies like Red Bull, Microsoft and Twitter all have campus representatives __45__ to spreading good news about the brand.“Campus representatives approach students group s, local merchants and other prospective users to demonstrate how the card reader works and its advantages over __46__ machines.” Adam Bassett, who runs the Square U program said.Cord Silverstein, executive vice president of interactive communications at the Raleigh advertising agency Capstrat, said, “Social media have made it easier than ever for college students to share opinions on a product with their friends. Someone‟s friend, someone they __47__, like a student or a professor, these people are having much greater influence on what college students think, like and don‟t like, because they trust their opinions.”When looking at representative __48__, McCarthy, who heads the campus representative program for Square, said the company looks for __49__ students who are social-media understanding. “Three or four years ago, brand representatives on campus were a(n) __50__ idea. Now companies have them everywhere. There‟s only so much mindshare to capture.” McCathy emphasized.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In India, almost all marriages are arranged. Even among the educated middle classes in modern urban India, marriage is as much a concern of the families as it is of the __51__. So customary is the practice of arranged marriage that there is a special name for a marriage which is not __52__: It is called a “love match”.On my first trip to India, I met many young men and women whose parents were in the process of “getting them married”. In many cases, the bride and groom would not meet each other before the marriage. __53__ they might meet for a brief conversation, and this meeting would take place only after their parents had decided that the match was __54__. Parents do not force their children to marry a person who either marriage partner finds unacceptable. But only after one match is refused will another be sought.As a young American woman in India for the first time, I found this custom of arranged marriage __55__. How could any intelligent young person __56__ to such a marriage without great reluctance? It was __57__ to everything I believed about the importance of romantic love as the only basis of a happy marriage. It was also in conflict with my strongly held beliefs that the choice of such a close and permanent relationship could be made only by individuals __58__. If anyone had tried to arrange my marriage, I would have been __59__!Sita, one of my young friends, was a college graduate with a degree in political science. Shehad been __60__ for over a year while her parents were arranging a match for her. I found it difficult to accept the obedient(顺从的) manner in which this well-educated young woman awaited the outcome of a process that would __61__ her spending the rest of her life with a man she hardly knew, a total stranger, __62__ by her parents.In frustration and distress, I asked her, “Don‟t you care who you __63__?” “Of course I care,” she answered. “This is why I must let my parents choose a boy for me. My marriage is too important to be arranged by such a(n) __64__ person as myself. In such matters, it is better to have my parents‟ __65__”.51. A. classes B. individuals C. society D. country52. A. matched B. decided C. concerned D. arranged53. A. After all B. In addition C. At most D. On average54. A. comfortable B. imperfect C. suitable D. dissatisfying55. A. acceptable B. amazing C. depressing D. strange56. A. agree B. turn C. exchange D. devote57. A. customary B. remarkable C. similar D. contrary58. A. involved B. present C. informed D. available59. A. ambitious B. proud C. rebellious D. puzzled60. A. fighting B. protesting C. waiting D. dreaming61. A. profit from B. hold back C. act out D. result in62. A. picked out B. picked up C. taken up D. taken out63. A. encounter B. favor C. marry D. join64. A. intelligent B. unfortunate C. inexperienced D. careless65. A. blessing B. guidance C. fortune D. promise Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Yo-Yo Ma is one of the most gifted cellists(大提琴手) in the world today. He is known internationally for not only the many classical pieces he performs but also his willingness to think outside of the box musically.Yo-Yo Ma has recorded over 75 albums; many of them strictly considered classical in ar rangement, while others differ greatly from classical music. He‟s worked with musicians like Bobby Mcferrin and Sting, and explored musical forms that range from traditional Chinese music to bluegrass. His musical explorations, including the scoring or performance in numerous films, have won Ma many awards and honors.Born to Chinese immigrant parents in Paris in 1955, Yo-Yo Ma was already a gifted musician by the time his family moved to the U.S., when he was seven. One of his first performances where he was much noted was a 1962 performance for U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Ma was certainly a genius, appearing on television by the time he was eight and performing with numerous orchestras through his teens.Like many young extraordinary musicians, Yo-Yo Ma‟s educational path included the study at the distinguished Juilliard School of Music. Unlike geniuses that stay on a singular path, Ma felt that he wanted to expand his education by taking a traditional liberal arts course at first Columbia and then Ha rvard University, where he received his bachelor‟s degree in 1976. He wasn‟t always certain that he should continue to pursue his career as a cellist, and refers to hearing the work ofPablo Casals, the famous Spanish cellist, as inspiration to continue his studies and performance.By the early 1980s, Yo-Yo Ma had become internationally known. He also began to express considerable interest in the possibilities of musical education for children. To that end, he made appearances on Sesame Street and other shows targeted at children.In 1998, Ma started the Silk Road Project, which promotes cooperation among artists, including musicians from around the world. His devotion to bringing together the various cultures represented by the ancient Silk Road is expres sed in Ma‟s political attitude of peace through music. In 2006, the UN Secretary General Kofi Anan named Ma a Peace Ambassador.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Yo-Yo Ma?A. He has explored a wide range of musical forms.B. He wasn‟t well-known in the U.S. until the 1980s.C. He is famous only for the classical pieces he performs.D. He was determined to become a cellist since childhood.67.Whose work has had an influence on Ma in deciding to pursue a career as a cellist?A. Bobby McFerrin‟s.B. Kofi Anan‟s.C. Pablo Casals‟.D. Sting‟s.68. Through the Silk Road Project, Yo-Yo Ma intended to ___________.A. continue his studies while performing with musicians all around the worldB. bring together many different cultures represented by the ancient Silk RoadC. become a UN Peace Ambassador by expressing his political attitude of peaceD. promote musical education for children in the countries along the ancient Silk Road69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. To Be Known as Early as PossibleB. Growth Process of a Peace AmbassadorC. University Education: Key Factor to Yo-Yo Ma‟s SuccessD. A Talented Musician with Sense of Social Responsibilitylikely to join __________.A. Early Morning Stroll in Upper Lane Cove ValleyB. Baime Basin TrackC. Poetry around a campfireD. Morning Walk at Mitchell Park71. If you want to enjoy the peace of the bush at night, you are required to __________.A. meet at 7:30 p.m. June 6B. bring slippers with youC. prepare a torchD. climb rocks for two hours72. How many guided walks and nature activities provide food or drink?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.73. In the activity “Morning Walk at Mitchell Park”, one may have no chance to ___________.A.appreciate bird watchingB. enjoy mountain climbingC.take a relaxing walkD. have morning tea( C )ESP, Extra Sensory Perception, is a catch-all expression for the so-called ability of certain people to receive transmitted thoughts from others, to transmit their own thoughts, to see what will happen in the future or to be able to move objects from one place to another without physically touching them. These special people are called psychics. Some believe that we all have this ability to some degree but that most of us choose not to develop it.Many people are skeptical about ESP. Alongside the existence of documented evidence, there are plenty of claims that have turned out to be cheating. For most people, it is difficult to accept such claims without having had first hand experience. The lack of scientific evidence is another factor to take into account. On the other hand, most of us have, at some time, experienced a seemingly unexplainable occurrence; hearing the telephone ring and knowing who will be on the other end of the line or cases of coincidence that seem to be too extreme to be accidental.Over the years there have been numerous ESP experiments conducted by serious scientists in serious institutions. Joseph Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published a famous book in 1934 called “Extra-Sensory Perception” in which he claimed to have enorm ous evidence of ESP. However, other scientists have been unable to copy his results since, which has resulted in the book losing much of its original credibility and fame.The Ganzfield Experiments are considered to have been the most carefully examined ESP experiments. So-called psychics had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a “sender” attempted to transmit messages. Later the psychics would compare the messages received to the original messages sent out. There was a great deal of excitement and interest at the time, but the research failed to produce convincing results.One of the strongest criticisms against ESP is that in order for it to exist, the fundamental laws of physics would necessarily have to be broken.Human beings are attracted to the whole range of supernatural phenomena. ESP will always continue to fascinate. This becomes clear when we see how much of the media is dedicated to the topic: magazines, journals, web sites, television and radio programs. Some of the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations who are starting to ask the same questions and to look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Who knows? One day we might just find these answers because one thing is certain: “The truth is out there! ”74. According to the 1st paragraph, a psychic can do the following EXCEPT __________.A. read what his parents are thinking aboutB. transmit one friend‟s thought to anotherC. predict what‟ll happen at tomorrow‟s meetingD. change the position of a chair without touching it75. The underlined word “skeptical” in the second paragraph can be replaced with __________.A. enthusiasticB. doubtfulC. particularD. curious76. What can be learned about the book “Extra–Sensory Perception” and“the Ganzfield E xperiments”?A. They both failed to prove the existence of ESP scientifically.B. They were both the products of casually-designed research.C. Others followed their examples and got the same consequences.D. The writer and the experiment operators lost their fame eventually.77. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Whether ESP exists.B. How ESP works.C. Who ESP attracts.D. Why ESP fails.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a corner through an “aroma box”, a machine which blows warm, sweet-smelling air into the environment.Heathrow‟s move into “sensory” marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology —the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to he lp sell products. Marketing people call this “atmosphere” —using smells to influence consumer behavior. On Valentine‟s Day two years ago, the chain of chemist‟s Superdogscented one of its London shops with chocolate. “Chocolate is associated with love, ”said a marketing spokeswoman, “We thought it would get people in the mood for romance.” She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent(洗涤剂) more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was similar. On the other hand, a coconut-scented sun cream was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future.Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to recall emotion-filled memories. Perhaps the reason is because smells are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the function of “aroma box” at Heathrow airport?79. The example of “coconut-scented detergent” and “coconut-scented sun cream” is used to showthat __________.80. __________ is of help for the store to leave a better impression on customers.81. What is one of the reasons why smell is considered the most emotional sense?第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位医生已经说服了很多人戒烟。
【黄埔二模】2014届上海市黄浦区高考模拟(二模)(含答案解析)WORD典藏版
上海市黄浦区2014年高考模拟（二模）数学（文）试卷(2014年4月10日)考生注意：1．每位考生应同时收到试卷和答题卷两份材料，解答必须在答题卷上进行，写在试卷上的解答一律无效；2．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、准考证号等相关信息在答题卷上填写清楚； 3．本试卷共23道试题，满分150分；考试时间120分钟．一．填空题(本大题满分56分) 本大题共有14题，考生应在答题卷的相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每题填对得4分，否则一律得零分． 1．函数xxy -+=11log 2的定义域是 ． 2．函数x x y 22sin cos -=的最小正周期=T ．3．已知全集R U =，集合{}|0,R A x x a x =+≥∈，{}||1|3,R B x x x =-≤∈．若U ()[2,4]C A B =- ，则实数a 的取值范围是 ．4．已知等差数列{}*(N )n a n ∈的公差为3，11-=a ，前n 项和为n S ，则nnn S na ∞→lim的数值是 ．5．函数)1,0(|log |)(≠>=a a x x f a 且的单调递增区间是 ． 6．函数)0()(2≤-=x x x f 的反函数是)(1x f-，则反函数的解析式是=-)(1x f ．7．方程1)34(log 2+=-x x的解=x ．8．在ABC ∆中，角C B A 、、所对的边的长度分别为c b a 、、，且ab c b a 3222=-+， 则=∠C .9．已知i (i 11-=x 是虚数单位，以下同)是关于x 的实系数一元二次方程02=++b ax x 的一个根，则实数=a ，=b ．10．若用一个平面去截球体，所得截面圆的面积为16π，球心到该截面的距离是3，则这个球的表面积是 ．11．(文) 已知直线05301221=+-=-+y x l y x l ：，：，则直线21l l 与的夹角的大小是 ．(结果用反三角函数值表示)12． (文) 已知实数y x 、满足线性约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤+-≤-+≥-.053,04,03y x y x y x 则目标函数1--=y x z 的最大值是 ．13． (文)某个不透明的袋中装有除颜色外其它特征完全相同的7个乒乓球(袋中仅有白色和黄色两种颜色的球)，若从袋中随机摸一个乒乓球，得到的球是白色乒乓球的概率是72，则从袋中一次随机摸两个球，得到一个白色乒乓球和一个黄色乒乓球的概率是 ．14．已知函数)(x f y =是定义域为R 的偶函数. 当0≥x 时，⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥<≤⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=2log 20,21)(16x x x x f x．若关于x 的方程2[()]()0f x a f x b +⋅+=(R)a b ∈、有且只有7个不同实数根，则 (文) b a +的值是 ．二．选择题(本大题满分20分) 本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题卷的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分． 15．已知R a b ∈、，且0ab ≠，则下列结论恒成立的是 [答] ( )． A ． ab b a 2≥+ B ．2≥+a b b a C ．2||≥+abb a D ．222a b ab +> 16．已知空间直线l 不在平面α内，则“直线l 上有两个点到平面α的距离相等”是“α||l ”的 [答] ( )． A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件 C ．充要条件 D ．非充分非必要条件 17．已知22R,0a b a b ∈+≠、，则直线0=+by ax l ：与圆：022=+++by ax y x 的位置关系是 [答] ( )． A ．相交 B ．相切 C ．相离 D ．不能确定18．(文) 四棱锥S ABCD -的底面是矩形，锥顶点在底面的射影是矩形对角线的交点，四棱锥及其三视图如下(AB 平行于主视图投影平面)则四棱锥S ABCD -的体积= [答]( ) ．A ．24B ．18C ．3D ．8 三．解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题卷的相应编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤．19．(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分． (文) 已知矩形11ABB A 是圆柱体的轴截面，1O O 、分别是下底面圆和上底面圆的圆心，母线长与底面圆的直径长之比为2:1，且该圆柱体的体积为32π，如图所示．(1)求圆柱体的侧面积S 侧的值；(2)若1C 是半圆弧11A B 的中点，点C 在半径OA 上，且12OC OA =，异面直线1CC 与1BB 所成的角为θ，求sin θ的值．20．(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分．已知复数12cos i,1isin ,R z x z x x =+=-∈．(1)求||21z z -的最小值；(2)设21z z z ⋅=，记z z x f (I m Im )(=表示复数z 的虚部). 将函数)(x f 的图像上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变)，再把所得的图像向右平移2π个单位长度，得到函数)(x g 的图像. 试求函数)(x g 的解析式．第21题图ABCO21．(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分． 某通讯公司需要在三角形地带OAC 区域内建造甲、乙两种通信信号加强中转站，甲中转站建在区域BOC 内，乙中转站建在区域AOB 内．分界线OB固定，且OB =(1百米，边界线AC 始终过点B ，边界线OC OA 、满足00075,30,45A O C A O B B O C ∠=∠=∠=． 设OA x =(36x ≤≤)百米，OC y =百米.(1)试将y 表示成x 的函数，并求出函数y 的解析式；(2)当x 取何值时？整个中转站的占地面积OAC S ∆最小，并求出其面积的最小值．22．(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．已知数列{}n a 满足nn n n n n a a a a a 3,)1(,12121221+=-+==+-(*N n ∈)．(1)求753a a a 、、的值； (2)求12-n a (用含n 的式子表示)；(3) (文) 记n n n a a b 212+=-，数列{}n b *(N )n ∈的前n 项和为n S ，求n S (用含n 的式子表示)．23．(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．(文) 已知点D 在双曲线22221(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>：上，且双曲线的一条渐近线的方程是03=+y x ． (1)求双曲线C 的方程；(2)若过点)1,0(且斜率为k 的直线l 与双曲线C 有两个不同交点，求实数k 的取值范围； (3)设(2)中直线l 与双曲线C 交于B A 、两个不同点，若以线段AB 为直径的圆经过坐标原点，求实数k 的值．参考答案和评分标准(2014年4月10日)一、填空题1．(1,1)-； 8．6p ； 2．p ； 9．2,2a b =-= ；3．4a <- ； 10．100p ；4．2； 11． (文) arccos arctan 7)10或； 5．[1,)+ ； 12．(文) 32-；6．1()0)fx x -=-； 13． (文) 1021；7．2log 3x = ； 14． (文) 1-. 二、选择题： 15．C 16．B 17．B 18．D 三、解答题19．本题满分12分．(文) 解(1)设圆柱的底面圆的半径为R ，依据题意，有21124,32AA AB R R AA ==π⋅=π， ∴ 2R =． ∴1=232S R AA ⋅=ππ侧． (2) 设D 是线段11A O 的中点，联结111DC DC O C 、、，则11111,||C O A B CD BB ⊥． 因此，1C CD ∠就是异面直线1CC 与1BB 所成的角，即1C CD ∠=θ．又2R =，011190CDC C O D ∠=∠=，∴11DC CC ==∴sin θ==．20．本题满分14分解(1)∵12cos i,1isin ,R z x z x x =+=-∈，∴12||z z -== ∴当sin()14x -=-π，即2(Z)4x k k π=π-∈时，12min ||1)z z -==.(2)∵12z z z =⋅，∴12sin cos (1sin cos )i z z z x x x x =⋅=++-. ∴1()1sin cos 1sin 2(R)2f x x x x x =-=-∈.将函数)(x f 的图像上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变)后，得到的图像所对应的函数是111sin 2y x =-. 把函数11s i n 2y x =-的图像向右平移2π个单位长度，得到的图像对应的函数是211sin()22y x π=--．∴11()1sin()1cos (R)222g x x x x π=--=+∈. 21．本题满分12分．解(1)结合图形可知，BOC AOB AOC S S S ∆∆∆+=．于是，000111(130(145sin 75222x y xy +++=，解得(36)2y x x =≤≤-．(2)由(1)知，(36)2y x x =≤≤-，因此，01sin 752AOCS xy ∆==142)4]42x x =-++-2≥+(当且仅当422x x -=-，即4x =时，等号成立)． 答：当400x =米时，整个中转站的占地面积OAC S ∆最小，最小面积是4(210+⨯平方米. 12分22．本题满分18分．解(1) nn n n n n a a a a a 3,)1(,12121221+=-+==+-(*N n ∈)，1211324325465376(1)0,33,14,313,112,339.a a a a a a a a a a a a ∴=+-==+==+==+==-==+=(2)由题知，有*21213(1)(N )nnn n a a n +--=+-∈．112123222325121121211225311313(1)3(1)(333)[(1)(1)(1)]3(1)3(1)n n n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a a -----------⎫∴-=+-⎪-=+-⎪⎪⇒-=++++-+-++-⎬⎪-=+-⎪⎪-=+-⎭．∴*213(1)1(N )2n nn a n ---=-∈． (文) (3)由(2)可知，2213(1)(1)12n nnn n a a -+-=+-=-，*N n ∈． ∴*21232(N )n n n n b a a n -=+=-∈． ∴123n n S b b b b =++++ 23(32)(32)(32)(32)n=-+-+-++-1*3(13)13232(N )1322n n n n n +-=-=⋅--∈-． 23．本题满分18分．(文) 解(1)由题知，有22121,a bb a ⎧-=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩解得221,31.a b ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩因此，所求双曲线C 的方程是221113x y -=(2) ∵直线l 过点)1,0(且斜率为k ，∴直线l ：1y kx =+．联立方程组2231,1x y y kx ⎧-=⎨=+⎩得22(3)220k x kx ---=．又直线l 与双曲线C 有两个不同交点，∴22230,(2)4(3)(2)0.k k k ⎧-≠⎪⎨∆=---->⎪⎩解得((k ∈ ．(3)设交点为1122(,)(,)A x y B x y 、，由(2)可得1221222,32.3k x x k x x k ⎧+=⎪⎪-⎨-⎪=⎪-⎩又以线段AB 为直径的圆经过坐标原点，因此，(OA OB O ⊥为坐标原点）． 于是，0,OA OB ⋅= 即12120x x y y +=，21212(1)()10k x x k x x ++++=，22222(1)21033k k k k-+++=--， 解得1k =±． 又1k =±满足230k -≠，且0∆>，所以，所求实数1k =±．。
上海市黄浦区2014年中考二模英语试题及答案(含音频)
黄浦区2014年九年级学业考试模拟考（二模）英语试卷2014年4月10日（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part1Listening（第一部分听力）I．Listening Comprehension（听力理解）：（共30分）A.Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片)(6分)A B C DE F G H1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)(8分)7．A)A ship and a car.B)A shirt and a card.C)A sheep and a clock.D)A shirt and a coat.8．A)At10:00a.m.B)At9:00p.m.C)At8:00p.m.D)At9:00a.m. 9．A)He is short.B)He is fat.C)He is thin.D)He is tall.10．A)In the bookstore.B)At home.C)In the library.D)On the street. 11．A)Because it’s dull.B)Because it’s too difficult.C)Because it’s useless.D)Because it’s special.12．A)She feels worried.B)She feels excited.C)She feels great.D)She feels angry.13．A)Jane is on business.B)Tim is at home.C)Jane is complaining.D)Tim loves Jane.14．A)He likes home.B)He doesn’t want to go to school.C)He wants an umbrella.D)He is afraid of storms.C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示。
上海市各区2013-2014年高三英语二模试卷分类汇编----中英翻译-老师版(带答案已经校对)
I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。
(as…as)2. 一到机场，玛丽就发现把护照忘在家里了。
(Hardly)3. 正是他对我们表现的评价，表明我们已经步入正轨了。
(track)4. 我没想到那个曾经受到高度赞扬的钢琴家结果却令观众大失所望。
(turn out)5. 如果不能独立找出提高学习效率的方法，你就很难取得令人满意的成绩。
(unless)Keys:1. Their suggestion sounds as feasible as ours.2. Hardly had Mary got to the airport when she found/noticed that she had left the passport at home.3. It was their comment on our performance that showed we had already been on the right track.4. I never thought that the pianist who had once been highly praised/spoken highly of turned out to be a great disappointment to the audience.5. It is very difficult for you to gain satisfactory achievements unless you find out the method of improving the learning efficiency by yourself / on your own.I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位医生已经说服了很多人戒烟。
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上海市黄浦区2014年高考模拟考试
英语试卷2014年4月10日下午考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2. 本试卷设试卷和答题卷两部分。
试卷分为第I卷和第II卷。
所有答案必须涂（选择题）
或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题卷纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. August 6. B. August 7. C. August 13. D. August 19.
2. A. A coat store. B. A chemist’s. C. A dry cleaner. D. A watch shop.
3. A. Policeman and driver. B. Teacher and student.
C. Boss and clerk.
D. Doctor and nurse.
4. A. A brand of jeans. B. A new hair style. C. Popular stars. D. School uniforms.
5. A. The man enjoys dramas very much.
B. Soap operas aren’t the woman’s favorite.
C. The woman has watched a lot of soap operas.
D. The man doesn’t want to watch a drama with the woman.
6. A. Anxious. B. Casual. C. Supportive. D. Unbelieving.
7. A. The style of the watch. B. Her boyfriend’s figure.
C. The price of the watch.
D. Her boyfriend’s preference.
8. A. The damage to the environment. B. The location of the hotel.
C. The demand of the job market.
D. The solution to the issue.
9. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip.
B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C. She doesn’t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money.
10. A. Skipping the meal to lose weight. B. Having the pizza with the woman.
C. Ordering food to be eaten at home.
D. Dining out instead of eating at home.
第1页。