美国政治概览 The American Political Landscape
美国政治系统英语作文
美国政治系统英语作文The American political system is a complex web of competing interests and ideologies. It's a messy, chaotic, and often frustrating process, but it's also a system that allows for diverse voices to be heard and for change to happen.There are two major political parties in the US the Democrats and the Republicans. These parties have very different ideas about how the country should be run, and they often clash in fierce debates and battles for power.The President of the United States is the head of the government and the leader of the country. The President is elected every four years and has the power to make important decisions about the country's policies and laws.The US Congress is made up of two chambers the House of Representatives and the Senate. These two bodies are responsible for making laws and overseeing the government'sactions.The Supreme Court is the highest court in the US and is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and making decisions about important legal issues.In addition to the President, Congress, and the Supreme Court, there are also many other government agencies and departments that play a role in shaping the country's policies and laws. These agencies are often staffed by experts and professionals who work to implement and enforce the government's decisions.The American political system is often criticized for being slow, inefficient, and prone to gridlock. However,it's also a system that allows for change and progress to happen, albeit at a sometimes glacial pace. Ultimately, the American political system reflects the messy and complicated nature of democracy itself.。
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍篇一：美国政治制度的英语作文The United State political systemAs far as I am concerned, I believe that the Constitutional federal republish of The United State is democratic. The United State federal system pursues the principe of “Checks and Balan ces”. The American constitution required that the state authority consisted of legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch , which was parallel to others and restricted others. The Congress consists of the House and the Senate. Each state has two senators despite the population, which ensures that the small states have an equal power in one of the houses of Congress. The House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population states. The main duty of the Congress is to make laws. Only when the House and the Senate vote and pass the bill and then send it to the president for his signature, can it become a law. The chief executive of the United State is the president.He is head of government, commander–in–chief of the armed forces and chief of state. The president is elected by the citizens and he has to be responsible for them. The president can veto the law that the Congressproposes. However,Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two thirds of the members of both houses vote in favour of it. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. The judges are appointed by the president. The judges can have lifelong tenure if they do not commit a crime.In my opinion, I think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the United State are democratic. Thomas Jefferson ever said“As far as I understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. The American system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.However, the American system has also existed disadvantages. I think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in American society. A 18‐year‐old black youth named Michael Brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in Missouri, America on August 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. When the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on November 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in America. This issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. Unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.Different from the America, China carried out the system of people’s congress, which fits our country’s situation. In political parties, America has two‐party system but China insists an single‐party system. I think that Chinese system has high efficiency in a short time but has poor long‐term stability, because of lacking power supervision. Instead, American system has low efficiency in short‐term but has high efficiency for a long time. Therefore, we can not say the Chinese system is superior to American system, because they both fit their own country’s situation and have positive impact on the economical development. However,the officials looting has become a more and more serious problem in our country. The officials’duties are serving to the people and doing something beneficial to the public. Butthey failed in their responsibility and looted,which may cause the public feel disappointed to the government. Although the government has taken effective measures to suppress the corruption,officials looting remains a serious problem in our country. So,I think that our government should perfect the power supervision system constantly and prevent the officials from looting. Only by doing this, our country may become better and better.篇二：美国政治制度英文the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, th e supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed theviolent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.一、英国政治体制的模式及特点英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制，其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。
英语国家概况：美国政治
英语国家概况:美国政治下面是店铺整理的英语国家概况:美国政治，希望对大家有帮助。
Political Institution政治体制1)A workable form of government under theConstitution: a federal system of government whichhas two layers of rule.两极统治的联邦政府体制。
2)Separation of powers with checks and balancesunder the Constitution: The Constitution divides thegovernment into three branches: the legislative,the executive and the judicial. Each branch hasonly part of the powers but not all the powers. Thethree branches are in balance and they may check each other.三权分立和制衡制度：宪法将政府划分为3个部门，立法部门、执法部门和司法部门。
每个部门只有部分权利不是全部。
三个部门权利平衡并互相限制。
3) Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution: the Bill of Rights. It is the termused for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Ti guarantees freedom of religion,freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom fromunreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights.宪法下的个人自由的保护：人权。
美国政治英语作文
美国政治英语作文The United States has a complex political system that is often a subject of interest and study for many around the world. Here's a composition on American politics:The American Political LandscapeThe United States is a federal republic with a government divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. This separation of powers is designed to prevent any single entity from having too much control and to ensure a balance of power.Legislative Branch: CongressThe legislative branch, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, is responsible for making laws. The Senate has 100 members, two from each state, and the House has 435 members, with representation based on the population of each state. Bills must pass both houses before they can become law.Executive Branch: The PresidentThe executive branch is headed by the President, who serves as the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armedforces. The President is elected every four years and is responsible for enforcing laws passed by Congress. The President also has the power to veto legislation, although this can be overridden by a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress.Judicial Branch: The Supreme CourtThe judicial branch interprets the Constitution and federal laws. The Supreme Court, composed of nine justices, is the highest court in the land. Its decisions are final and can set precedents for future cases.Political PartiesThe two major political parties in the United States are the Democrats and the Republicans. The Democrats generally lean towards progressive policies, advocating for social justice and environmental protection, while the Republicans tend to favor conservative policies, emphasizing limited government and free-market principles.ElectionsElections in the United States are a cornerstone of its democracy. The presidential election, held every four years, is one of the most watched events globally. Additionally, there are midterm elections, which occur every two years, where all House seats and one-third of Senate seats are up for election.Challenges and DebatesAmerican politics is not without its challenges. Issues such as healthcare, immigration, and gun control are hotly debated topics. The political climate can be polarized, withdiffering views often leading to intense discussions and disagreements.ConclusionUnderstanding American politics requires an appreciation of its historical context, the structure of its government, and the role of its citizens in the democratic process. The United States' political system, while not perfect, is a model for many countries seeking to establish a democratic government.This composition provides a brief overview of the American political system, touching on the three branches of government, the two major political parties, and some of the key issues and challenges faced by the nation.。
the_political_system_of_the_USA美国的政治现况简介(英语)
the political system of the USA美国的政治现况介绍（英语）====================================================================== ===================The United States of America is the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately(近似的) 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.This essay aims at discussing the spirit of constitutional government by studying American political system====================================================================== ===================The United States of America is the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately(近似的) 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.The political system of the United States Began in 1776.At first it was just a experiment? based on the idea of Equality, Freedom and Justice ,which has already become our world’s universal value(普世价值) now.USA is frequently called a democratic government(民主政体).But properly speaking ,it is a constitutional federal republic (宪政联邦共和制). Constitutional means American government is based on its constitution,which is the supreme law,not only establish the federation?and the state government’s power structure ,but also confirm the authority of the government. Federal ?is embodied in that the system of the United States is composed of a national government and fifty state governmentsRepublic refer to a political entity that is reigned by a elective government ?Government and electionsThe United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic, "inwhich majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law."It is fundamentally structured as a representative democracy.The federal government is composed of three branches:Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and can overturn laws they find unconstitutional.Parties, ideology, and politicsThe United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at all levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or "conservative" and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or "liberal". The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as "blue states", are relatively liberal. The "red states" of the South and much of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.Present situationThe winner of the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president and the first African American to hold the office. All previous presidents were men of solely European descent. The 2008 elections also saw the Democratic Party strengthen its control of both the House and the Senate. In the 111th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 57 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 40 Republicans (one seat remains in dispute); the House comprises 256 Democrats and 178 Republicans (one seat is vacant).Political divisionsThe United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Most of the rest have been carved from territory obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. Another set of exceptions comprises those states created out of the territory of the original thirteen. Early in the country's history, three states were created in this manner: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959. The states do not have the right to secede from the union.American political ideologyGive me your tired, your poor.The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest tost to me.I lift my lamp beside the golden door.---Statue of Liberty把你们疲惫的人,你们贫穷的人/你们渴望呼吸自由空气的挤在一堆的人都给我/把那些无家可归,饱经风浪的人都送来/在这金色的大门旁,我要为他们把灯举起.——自由女神像铭文节选Among the core tenets of this ideology are the following:1 Democracy: The government is answerable to citizens, who may change it through elections.2 Equality: The laws should attach no special privilege to any citizen (that is, citizens should be equal before the law).3 Freedom of Religion, separation of Church and State: The government's power in matters of religion are limited to prevent abuse of power.4 Freedom of Speech: Individuals and political parties debate how this ideology applies to particular circumstances, and may disagree openly with any of it.In the USA,Individual freedoms are important and respected by the government. Even though Congress has no right to interfere with a citizen 's personal liberty.In many countries of the Earth,it is believed that the interests of the country come before everything else. However, The US-led Western w orld deem that “Human Rights Rank Above the Rights of States”many people think it’s just a pretext for intervening in the affairs of other countries.But as a political view,it is just a respect ofprivate freedom and individual rights and interests.THE END====================================================================== =====================referenceWIKIpediaBaidupedia三张大饼's blog斩红郎无双剑's blog人文主义回归's blog普世价值万岁's statement。
美国政治制度(精选多篇)
美国政治制度(精选多篇)第一篇：美国政治制度概况美国政治制度概况political institution（政治制度）1．the american constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. it was draw up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789.美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法，它起草于1787年，生效于1789年。
2．in 1787,congress called for a meeting of delegate from all the states to revise the articles of confederation.1787年，国会召开各州代表参加的大会，主要目的是修改有明显缺点的《联邦条款》。
3．the government is divided into three branched: the legislative ,the executive ,and the judicial. each branch has part of the powers but not all the power.美国政府被分为3部分：立法机构，行政机构和司法机构。
4．in either case, amendments must have the approval of three-fourths of the states before they enter into force.有两种情可以提出修改宪法条款，但不管是哪种，修正案必须经过3/4的批准才能生效。
5．the president of the u.s is the head of the executive branch and the headof the state elected by the whole nation. the constitution requires the president to be a natural-born american citizen at least 35 years of age. the president election was held every 4 years .宪法规定总统必须是美国本土出生的美国公民，至少年满35岁，总统选举每四年举行一次。
英语国家概况Chapter_9美国的宪法和政府
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH（行政部门）
Prsident
Departments
Cabinet（内阁） 14 departments Department Heads: Secretaries Advice and assistance The Central Intelligence Agency（中央情报局） National Aeronautics and Space Administration（航空航
The legislative branch The executive branch
The State government
The judicial branch
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U.S. FEDERALISM
A compromise between the absolute concentration of powers and a loose confederation of independent states.
宪法序言
美国宪法的序言只有一句话，由52个单词构成。 “ We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility,
provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare,
and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of
英美政治体制
Politics of the United StatesThe United States of American is a state of the dictatorship of bourgeoisie. The capitalists put all political power into their hands. The state system serves the will and interest of the ruling class. The center of the national government is the District of Columbia.The ConstitutionUnlike Britain but like most nation states, the American political system is clearly defined by basic documents. The Declaration of Independence of 1776 and the Constitution of 1789 form the foundations of the United States federal government. The Declaration of Independence establishes the United States as an independent political entity, while the Constitution creates the basic structure of the federal government.At the heart of the US Constitution is the principle known as 'separation of powers', a term coined by the French political, enlightenment thinker Montesquieu. The constitution determines the government and divides the powers into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the president; the legislative, including houses of congress (the senate and house of representative); and the judicial, by the Supreme Court.This means that power is spread among three institutions of the state - the executive, the legislature and the judiciary - and no one institution has too much power and no individual can be a member of more than one institution. This principle is also known as 'checks and balances', since each of the three branches of the state has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branchesSeparation of PowersThe President is both the head of state and the head of government, as well as the military commander-in-chief .He presides over the executive branch of the federal government. Within the executive branch, the President has broad constitutional powers to manage national affairs and the workings of the federal government and he may issue executive orders to affect internal policies. The President may sign or veto legislation passed by Congress and has the power to recommend measures to Congress. The Congress may override a presidential veto but only by a two-thirds majority in each house. The President may not dissolve Congress or call special elections, but does have the power to (with the consent of the Senate) appoint Supreme Court justices and federal judges. The President is elected for a fixed term of four years and may serve a maximum of two terms..The President is not elected directly by the voters but by an Electoral College representing each state on the basis of a combination of the number of members in the Senate (two for each state regardless of size) and the number of members in the House of Representatives (roughly proportional to population). The total Electoral College vote is 538. This means that, to become President, a candidate has to win at least 270 electoral votes. The President may be impeached by a majority in the House and removed from office by a two-thirds majority in the Senate for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors ".An important feature of the American political system is that the two major parties - the Democrats and the Republicans - hold a system of primaries to determine who will be their candidate in the general election. These primaries are particularly important when it comes to the four-yearly Presidential election.CongressThe House and Senate are often referred to by the media as Capitol Hill or simply the Hill.The Senate is the upper chamber in the bicameral legislature known collectively as Congress. The original intention of the authors of the US Constitution was that the Senate should be a regulatory group, less politically dominant than the House. However, since the mid 19th century, the Senate has been the dominant chamber and indeed today it is perhaps the most powerful upper house of any legislative body in the world. The Senate consists of 100 members, each of which represents a state and serves for a six-year term (one third of the Senate stands for election every two years).The House of Representatives is the lower chamber in the bicameral legislature known collectively as Congress. The House consists of 435 members, each of whom represents a congressional district and serves for a two-year termTHE SUPREME COURTThe Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The court deals with matters pertaining to the federal government, disputes between states, and interpretation of the Constitution. The Supreme Court consists of nine Justices: the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices. They have equal weight when voting on a case and the Chief Justice has no casting vote or power to instruct colleagues.The Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed with the 'advice and consent of the Senate. As federal judges, the Justices serve during "good behavior", meaning essentially that they serve for life and can be removed only by resignation or by impeachment and subsequent conviction.Below the Supreme Court, there is a system of Courts of Appeal, and, below these courts, there are District Courts. Together, these three levels of courts represent the federal judicial system.POLITICAL PARTIESTo an extent quite extraordinary in democratic countries, the American political system is dominated by two political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party (often known as the 'Grand Old Party' or GOP). The Democratic Party is sometimes represented as a donkey, while the Republican Party is sometimes featured as an elephant.Two-party system in the United States had controlled the entire country's political institutions, manipulation of national political life. The main functions of the two parties are to manipulate and arrange elections, particularly President Election. Democratic and Republican parties are in power for long-term rotation.BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEMThe politics of the United Kingdom takes place within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. So UK does not have a President. Constitutionally the head of state is the monarch who is a hereditary member of the Royal Family. However, the monarch has very few formal powers and stays above party politics and is ceremonial. So, in practice, the most important person in the British political system is the Prime MinisterThe most important practical power is the choice of the Member of Parliament to form a government, but invariably the monarch follows the convention that this opportunity is granted tothe leader of the political party with the most seats in the House of Commons.The monarch is determined on the hereditary and primogeniture principles which means that the oldest male child of a monarch is the next in line to the throne. The British Monarch, currently Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the Chief of State. Though she takes little direct part in government,Executive Executive power in the United Kingdom is exercised by the Prime Minister as the head of Government, guided by the strict convention that the Prime Minister should be the member of the House of Commons, most likely to be able to form a Government with the support of that House. In practice, this means that the leader of the political party with an absolute majority of seats in the House of Commons is chosen to be the Prime Minister. If no party has an absolute majority, the leader of the largest party is given the first opportunity to form a coalition. The Prime Minister then selects the other Ministers which make up the Government and act as political headsLegislatures The UK Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom. Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords In modern times, all Prime Ministers and Leaders of the Opposition have been drawn from the Commons, not the Lords. One party usually has a majority in Parliament, because of the use of the First Past the Post electoral system, which has been conducive in creating the current two party system. House of LordsThe House of Commons is the lower chamber but the one with less authority. Its main roles are to revise legislation and keep a check on Government by scrutinizing its activities. Since 1911, its power to block "money bills" is limited to one month and its power to block other bills is limited to one session, so ultimately it cannot block the will of the House of Commons The House of Lords was previously a largely hereditary aristocratic chamber, although including life peers, and Lords Spiritual. It is currently mid-way through extensive reforms, the most recent of these being enacted in the House of Lords Act 1999.The British Parliament is often called Westminster because it is housed in a distinguished building in central London called the Palace of Westminster (Parliament house, Whitehall Buckingham palace, Downing Street). The House of Commons is the lower chamber but the one with the most authority. The Commons is chaired by the Speaker. Unlike the Speaker in the US House of Representatives, the post is non-political and indeed, by convention, the political parties do not contest the Parliamentary constituency held by the Speaker.Judiciary The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system due to it being created by the political union of previously independent countries with the terms of the Treaty of Union guaranteeing the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system. Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law.Political parties Three parties currently dominate the national political landscape in Britain: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, and the Liberal Democrats.(shadow cabinet)There are three major political parties in the British system of politics:The Labour Party (often called New Labour): the centre-Left party whig partyThe Conservative Party (frequently called the Tories) the centre-Right partyThe Liberal Democrat Party (known as the Lib Dems) � the centrist, libertarian party。
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Geography and National Identity Because the United States is so large, it provided Americans with the opportunity to diffuse differences over religion, social class and national origin because they could isolate themselves from one another.
Cross-Cutting Cleavages Divisions within society that cut across demographic categories to produce groups more heterogeneous or different. Members of religions or social and civil groups.
What was the belief called that held that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oche study of characteristics of populations.
=
Cleavages
Reinforcing Cleavages Divisions within society that reinforce one another, making groups more homogeneous or similar. When social and economic conditions coincide, they reinforce each other and make the differences between groups more important.
Hostility toward different religions in colonial America.
Anti-immigration movements in the late 19th & early 20th century.
Anti-woman’s rights movement of the 19th century. Anti-immigration and Anti-civil rights ballot initiatives of the 1990s.
The American Political Landscape
Albert Einstein once said few people are capable of expressing opinions that differ much from the prejudices of their social upbringing.
A Land of Diversity
Some elements of our diversity have political significance. Political Socialization The process by which parents and others teach children about political values, beliefs, and attitudes. Political Predisposition A characteristic of individuals that is predictive of political behavior.
A Land of Diversity
Despite the fact that America has been most hospitable to people from different religions, classes or races than almost any other nation in the world, we often prefer to associate only with people “like us” and are suspicious of people “like them.”
Geography and National Identity Geographic isolations from the major powers of the world during our government’s formative period helps explain American politics.
ETHNOCENTRISM Selective perception based on individual background, attitudes and biases
A Land of Diversity
People want to come to the United States because it holds a promise of religious, political, and economic freedom. Our economic system has provided widespread, but not universal opportunity, for individuals to improve their economic standing. Question: What was the issue passed in California with Proposition 187? Answer: It restricted public services and education to immigrants.