英美概况练习2
英美概况.英美概况(二)练习题及答案docx
《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。
英美概况英国历史部分
英美概况英国历史部分History1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of _____ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. _____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. _____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parli ament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of _____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. _____ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.B. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was the PrimeMinister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. Poland1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.4. _____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17. The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included _____ points such as univ ersal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the English Church was strictly _____.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “_____”.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of _____ _____.45. The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as fore ign secretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established. Explain the Following Terms1. The Norman Conquest2. The Glorious Revolution3. The Chartist Movement4. The Opium War5. The Hundred Years’ War6. Black DeathAnswer the Following Questions1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s econom y since the Second World War?2. What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?英美概况自测题（二）英国历史部分答案I. BBBCA ADBDA BABBA AACBA AAACC CBAAB BACBA ABBCB AAABC ABBBB ABABA CBABC BAABB CCAAC ABBC1. II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris Tory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinet英语考研英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分CultureMultiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower45. The British Museum was founded in _____.A. 1659B. 1763C. 175346. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of 25 trustees.A. GovernmentB. individualC. local47. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.A. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey49. _____ is the monarch’s present London home.A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace50. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.A. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ButlerFill in the Blanks1. There are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain. They are the _____ school and the _____ school.2. The independent school or “_____” school is few in number but of great influence.3. The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the _____ schools, comprehensive secondary schools, _____ schools and secondary modern schools.4. For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of _____.5. There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _____ and the _____.6. Under the old selective system, children took an examination called the _____ _____ in their last year at a primary school. The results of this examination determined the secondary education a pupil would receive.7. The oldest schools in UK are _____ schools.8. _____ _____ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability.9. At _____ or _____ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.10. At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.11. _____ schools are often attached to polytechnics.12. The four famous school: Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and Rugby School are never referred to as。
英美概况作业2
英美概况作业2Ⅰ.1. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes B2. The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool3. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith4. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin5. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 906.Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party7．Modern football game began in _____．A． China B． France C． England D． Germany8 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.A the Labour PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party9 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A largestB second largestC third largestD fourth largest10 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ d ecline.A politicalB educationalC militaryD economicⅡ1. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.2.In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.3.The election of ____ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.4.There are ____ state churches in Britain.5.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of ____ _____________.Ⅲ.Invisible hand 上层阶级Workshop of the word 劳动阶级British disease 普通中学教育毕业证The private sector 公学Middle class 苏格兰场Ⅳ.What did the British Disease refer to?What is meant by the from-cradle to-grave social welfare program?。
《英美概况(二)》(专升本)练习题.doc
《英美概况（二）》（专升本）练习题一I. Fill in the following blanks in English (30points, 2 points for each blank).1.The dividing line between the north and the south is __________ , with the city ___________ onthe border between the two parts.2.Columbus discovered the new World in the year of ________ .3.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today's ____________ in theyear of __________ .4.The __________ officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.5.The institution that began to assume the function of a national government during theAmerican Revolution was the ___________ .6.The city where the Declaration of Independence was signed and where the U. S. Constitutionwas made is ____________ .7.The Constitutional Convention was held in the year of 1787 and the president of theConvention was __________ .8. A federal system is one in which ________________ is shared between central authorityand its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each.9.The U. S. federal government consists of the following three branches: __________ , legislative ,and _________ .10.The Congress is divided into ____________ with 435 members who serve two-year terms, andthe Senate with ___________ lawmakers who serve six-year terms.11.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote novel titled , whichintensified the political debate on slavery.12.the USA launched military attack coded Desert Storm on Iraq for Iraqi invasion andannexation of Kuwait on January 17,___________ .13.The first academic institution that a child attends is called ___________ .14.In the U.S.A., children are offered ________ years of free public education.15.“All men are created equal" is from the document __________ .16.Thanksgiving Day falls on __________ , on which Americans give thanks for blessings theyenjoy.17.Christmas is on Dec. 25th, which is celebrated for ____________ .18.Franklin Roosevelt was elected President of the US in ________ .19.There are two major denominations in America: Christian Science and _____________ that arethe results of native developments.20.The basic causes of World War I lay in the ___________ , economical and __________ rivalriesof the great powers.21.The period of the "Cold War?, began when ________ came forth in March 1947.22.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in the year of _________ .23.In April 1949, _______ nations established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization tocoordinate the military actions of member nations against the USSR.24.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states:Alaska and __________ .25.There _______ categories of degrees are offered by American universities.26.The term "Father of Waters" is used to refer to ___________ .27.The largest freshwater lake in the world is ___________ .28.The Niagara Falls is located on the US and Canadian boundary between lake ____________ andlake __________ .29.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert,of which __________ i s the lowest and hottest place in America. It got its name because many adventurers died here during the __________ when explorers rushed to California for gold.30.The _________ is the official residence of the President and to the east of it stands theCapitol, the building where the US Congressmen meet to make laws for the nation.31.Among the Great Lakes, only Lake _________ belongs to America completely while the otherfour are shared with___________ .32.The _________ is the largest city in the US, followed by _____________ and Chicago.33.Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the ____________ i n the1950s and 1960s.34.On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King led over 200 000 Americans on a march inWashington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people and delivered his best-known speech “ __________________ " before the Lincoln Memorial.35.The Americans5 ________ is a day to honor the memory of those who have given their livesfor their country.36.Reader's Digests founded in ________ and published in 15 languages and 39 editions, printsnearly 19 million copies a month.II ・ Choose the correct answer (10 points, 1 point for each).1.Which of the following is not true about the characteristics of New England?A.Economically backward.B. Long established.C. Small-scale.D. Urban.2.Which of the following is not in New York City?A.Wall Street.B. The Empire State Building.C. The Black quarter of Harlem.D. Niagara Falls.3.Texas is famous for three of the following except __________ .A.unrestricted gambling and easy divorce lawsB. cowboy traditionC. many millionairesD. oil industry4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____________ .A.challenging the authority of the Pope B salvation through faithC. salvation through the churchD. establishing a direct contact with God5.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. Separation of state and church.B. Respect of education.C. Intolerant moralism.D. A sense of mission.6.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except __________ .A.George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamin Franklin7.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A.The executive.B. The legislativeC. The JudicialD. The president8.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A.The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C.The president can make laws.D.The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directivesregarding the work of the federal departments.9.The Bill of Rights consists of __________ .A.10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB.10 amendments adopted in 1787C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D.the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom ofreligion10.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A.The freedom of religion.B.The freedom of searching a person's home by police.C.The freedom of speech and of the press.D.The right to own weapons if on wishes.11.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A. The Baptists.B. The Catholics.C. The Methodists.D. The Presbyterians.12.The following are distinctively American features of religion except ___________ .A.Various religious groups have coexisted in the U.S. more harmoniously than EuropeB.Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a decline inreligious faithC.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U.S.D.There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U.S.13.In the U.S., people go to church mainly for the following reasons except ___________ .A.for finding a job in societyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valuesD.for getting together with friends14.Which of the following did not take place in the 1960s?A.The Anti-Vietnam War Movement.B.The Anti-drug Movement.C.Women's liberation Movement.D.Public protests by blacks and other minority groups.15.In the United States school system, which of the following division is true?A.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.16.The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by ___________ .A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers17.The Pilgrims were able to survive in America because ___________ .A.they received help from the IndiansB.they were supported by rich companiesC.many ships brought them food from EnglandD.they had signed the Mayflower Compact18.The leading producing area for chemicals and machinery is __________ .A. The East North CentralB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. the Pacific coast regionD. the South Atlantic region1 9. _________ h as been known as the automobile capital of the world.A. New YorkB. AtlantaC. PhiladelphiaD. Detroit20. _________ , the steel capital of the country, is the oldest and largest steel making center.A. ChicagoB. DetroitC. PittsburgD. BirminghamIII.Define the following terms (30 points, 6 points for each)1.Impeachment2.NBC3.VOA4.The New Deal5.Olympic Games6.The Continental Congress7.The Statue of Liberty8.Emancipation Proclamation9.Franklin D. Roosevelt10.The People's Temple11.Continental Congress12.Protestant Church13.Abraham Lincoln14.AP15.Yale UniversityIV.Answer the following questions (30 points, 10 points for each)・1.Briefly describe elementary and secondary education in the USA.2.Tell the main functions of the three branches of the government.3.What are the major rivers and mountains in the USA?4.In the middle of the 19th century, how was the new American two-party system established?5.What are the causes and effects of the Great Depression?6.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mass education.7.Give a brief account of America in the post World War II decade.8.What role does American government play in the development of economy?9.Give a brief account of the U.S. overseas invasion and expansion in the 20th Century.V o Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F] (10 points, 1 point for each)・__ 1. With a period of rapid industrial development and prosperity in 1920's, Americans5 purchasing power grew as quickly as it should.__ 2. The leading region for manufacturing activity is the Middle Atlantic region.__ 3. The invasion of Afghanistan by the USSR commenced in 1979. This invasion aroused strong objection and reaction from the USA and other countries__ 4. The American aggression of Korea took place in June 1950, and the Korean War broke out.__ 5. US-led NATO mounted an air strike on Yugoslavia on March 24, 1999.__ 6. In the American big corporations and companies, the management usually isn't separated from property rights.__ 7. The Pilgrims were the first English colonists to permanently settle in New England in what we now know as Massachusetts.__ 8. Before the English controlled North America, Spaniards were the most important colonists there. __ 9. The emigration from England to the colonies in America was mainly sponsored by the king.10.The early settlers in the colony discovered a way to make money by growing cotton.。
英美概况练习答案
英美概况练习答案Keys to the Exercises:Part I The United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern IrelandChapter 11-5 B D C A B 6-8 B C DChapter 2 British HistoryKnowledge FocusI.1. T2. F3. T4.T5.T6.T7. F8.T9. T 10. F 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. FII. 1-4 C B D AIII.Advantages:a.Workers involved could work at their own speed.b.Children working in the system were better treated.c.Conditions of work were better.d.People worked for themselves could take a pride in what they did..e.Tension in the work place was minimal.Disadvantages:a.The production was very slow.b.The production was inefficient.c.It was difficult to make full use of materials and energy far away from home.d.The system could not satisfy the demand of the market.IV. 1-6 T F T F T FVa. Floodingb. explosive gasc. Poison gasd. Pit collapsesVI. OmitttedLanguage FocusI.1. prosperity2. tribal3. hereditary4. mystical5. reminder6. coveted7. strategic8. buffers9.assassination 10. stalemate 11.recession 12. deteriorated 13. divorcee 14.devolve15. reinforcements 16. evacuatedII. 1-5 FAIGH 6-10 JDBECChapter 3British EducationKnowledge FocusI.a. The state school refers to the kind of school that is funded by government. Therefore, students don’t have to pay a lot ofmoney for the received education. It usually follows a standard curriculum nationwide. The majority of the students in the UK attend this kind of school.b. The public school is a fee-paying school. It usually enjoys a good academic reputation, and admission can be highly competitive. Its curriculum can be quite flexible. Students in this kind of school generally aim highly and their study often leads them to renowned colleges or universities. Only a small portion of the economically and academically privileged students can go to such a school.II.1-5 CDBDAIII.1-5 TFFTTIV.a.reference lettersb. a personal statement/doc/41a73c81d1f34693daef3e71.html petitive academic recordsd.required examse.an interviewf. a certificate of last completion of studiesg.social experienceLanguage FocusI.1-5 DDCCBII. (Omitted)Chapter 4 British EconomyKnowledge focus1. financial center2. Bank of England3. Pound Sterling4.industrialize5. America Language focus1-5 GIJHF 6-10 EADBCChapter 5 Government of the United Kingdom I. The Constitutional MonarchyI.1. D2. B3. B4. A5. BII.1. constitutional, Monarch2. judiciary3. written4. symbolic/ceremonial5. leader III.1. ceremonial2. seniority3. hereditary4. presence5. symbolize6. majority7. independent8. precedence9. stimulate 10. tremendousIV.1. E) monarch2. B) shared3. G) elected4. C) legislative5. F) lower6. J) majority7. I) appointing8. H) symbolic9. A) neutral 10. D) developedII. The British Parliament: the Legislative BodyI.1. legislative, the Monarch, the House of Lords, the House of Commons2. to make law, Commons, Lords3. five4. First-Past-the-Post5. Upper, Lower6. Commons II.1. C2. C3. B4. D5. A6. BIII.1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T8. FIV．1. G) ceremonial2. H) annual3. A) addresses4. E) drafted5. B) outlines6. F) dissolve7. D) permission8. J) announcing9. I) Sovereign 10. C) adviceIII. British Government: the Executive BodyI.1. A2. C3. A4. A5. A6. B7. B8. DII.1. administrative2. civil servants3. The Cabinet4. No. 10 Downing Street5. CommonsIII.1. F3. T4. T5. TIV. Political Parties and Election in BritainI.1. C2. D3. B4. DII.1. two-party, the Labour, the Conservative2. constituency3. majority4. Liberal,Conservative5. the government; the Prime Minister6. Official Opposition7. 18III.1. associate2. incapable3. empower4. responsive5. compulsory6. eligibleChapter 6 Culture of the United Kingdom I. Customs and HabitsI.1. C3. AII.1. D) occasions2. H) embarrassing3. G) well-educated4. A) equal5. J) beauties6. B) deserve7. F) attach8. E) sympathy9. C) respects 10. I) principle II. The FamilyI.1. F2. T3. T4. T5. FII.1. G) compared2. E) honeymoon3. D) worn4. F) harming5. H) key6. A) umbrella7. J) challenge8. I) possibilities9. B) symbolic 10. C) traditional III. Pub Culture in Britain1. F2. F3. TII.1. D) specific2. A) native3. C) remote4. F) indifferent5. B) feature6. G) fetch7. J) attracts8. I) higher9. E) promote 10. H) opportunity IV. Cuisine in BritainI.1. dinner2. brunch3. fish and chips4. high teaII1. c2. b3. aIII.1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B7.A8.C9.B 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.BV. Holidays and Festivals in BritainI.1. Santa Claus2. the birth of Jesus Christ; Easter3. The Christmas Pantomime; the principal boy; the Dame (后面这两个空去掉也行，文中没有出现)4. Boxing DayII.1. B2. B 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A10. BIII.1. H) shows2. B) different3. D) based4. G) characters5. I) pretty6. E) played7. C) form8. J) kicks9. A) contains 10. F) audienceVI. Sports in BritainI.1. B2. A3. B4. D5. BII.1. flat racing; steeplechasing2. the Royal Ascot3. hunt saboteursIII.1. G) responsible2. E) majority3. C) upturn4. H) victory5. A) trend6. I) total7. B) hosted8. F) minor9. J) leading 10. D) represent VII. Religion in BritainI.1. Christianity2. Holy Bible3. IslamII.1. B2. A3. A4. A5. CIII.1. G) individual2. D) arisen3. B) name4. F) belonging5. I) opposed6. J) scientific7. H) appeals8. E) scientist9. C) unique 10. A) religiousVIII. Mass Media in BritainI.1. C2. B3. C4. A5. A6. B （和第二题重复了，删掉就行）II.1. F2. F3. F4. TIII.1. H) decades2. B) annually3. I) competition4. A) pastime5. J) basis6. F) published7. C) local8. D) aimed9. G) monthly 10. E) judgePart II The United States of AmericaChapter 1 HistoryChapter2 HistoryKnowledge FocusI.1. Columbus2. English3. 13, the United States Declaration of Independence, America’s Independence Day4. American Revolutionary War/American War of Independence5. Reconstruction, Freedmen/ex-slaves/freed slaves, Federal6. Roaring TwentiesII.1. T2. F th e French and Indian War(the Seven Y ear’s War)3. T4. F the second Continental Congress5. F the US Constitution6. T7. T8. T9. F The unemployment decreased yet and remained fairly high 10. F first 11. T 12. F Bush and Al Gore 13. F no support of NA TO or an explicit UN mandate for military intervention 14. T 15. F affiliated Terrorist organizations continued to operate in Y emen and other remote areas III.Language FocusI.1. unhealthy, exposed to2. responded with, sparked, resistance3. convened, coordinate, grievances, petitioned, redress4. abolished, flourished, Mounting, agrarian, industrial5. defining, permanent, sealed, bondage6. eloquent, delivered7. discrimination, privileges, available8. crucial, struggle, backlash9. spreading, elimination, inaccurate, liberationII.(1) Proclaiming (2) endowed (3) unalienable (4) rejecting (5) sovereign (6) transformations (7) significant (8) responsible (9) independence (10) revolt (11) regulations (12) first (13) touched (14) inspireChapter 3 Government and PoliticsKnowledge FocusI.1. federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.2. legislative branch, executive branch and judicial branch3. the Bill of Right4. The separation of powers5. the House of Representatives, the Senate6. 35, natural born, 14, four-year, twice7. winner takes all /first-past-the-postII.1. T2. T3. F three levels: federal, state and local4. T5. F an executive veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses6. F only the Congress7. T8. F the President is not directly elected by the people9. F Representatives serve two-year terms (Senators are elected to six-year terms by the people of each state.) 10. T 11. T 12. F the Vice President serves as the President of the Senate and may cast the decisive vote in the event 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F the number of Supreme Court Justices is also left to Congress 17. F Congress cannot abolish the Supreme Court 18. F the Democratic Party 19. T 20. F The only exception to this is the disenfranchisement of convicted felons, and in some states former felons as well.Language FocusI.1. vested2. apportioned, proportion3. staggered4. subsequent, exceeds5. contempt6. referred, oversees7. merits and flaws, opponents, compel8. calendar9. precedence 10. overturnII.1. interdependent, delineated, specified, ensures, independent, infringing, in the hands of2. sole, enact, confirm, substantial3. assigned, revenue, in the case of4. confirm, ratify, exceptions, involves5. extensive, compel, deem6. enumerated, discretion7. promotes, affordable8. advocate, temperedIII.1. through2. on3. for4. at5. over6. to7. withIV.1. safeguards2. hold3. removed4. resignation5. insulates6. apply7. concerns8. interpret9. constrainedChapter 4 Economy of the United StatesKnowledge FocusI.1. The United States is a market-oriented economy. Due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixed economy.2. A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sectors. The U.S. business firmsenjoy greater flexibility in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government involvement, as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.3. Although the U.S. is often referred to as a free market economy, this is not entirely true, since there are government regulations protecting certain sectors, notably energy and agriculture. The federal government takes all the necessary initiatives to ensure the growth and stability of the United States.The role of government in the US economy is crucial when it comes to decision-making regarding monetary and fiscal policies. The federal government makes full use of economic tools such as money supply, tax rates, and credit control to maintain low inflation, high economic growth, and low unemployment. Besides, the Federal Government also regulates the operations of private enterprise in various ways.II.1. T2. T3. F America remains the world's largest manufacturer4. T5. T6. T7. F the U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.8. F The United States is a market-oriented economy but due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixedeconomy.9. T 10. T 11. T 12. F the U.S. Federal Government also regulates the operations of private enterprise in various ways. 13.F The U.S. is the second largest energy consumer in total use 14. T 15. F NASDAQ is the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States 16. TLanguage FocusI.1. embroiled2. absorbed3. crucial4. renders5. civilian6. charitable7. contractedII.1. derivatives, subprime, declining2. unified, supportive, entrepreneurial3. flexibility, counterparts, lay off4. prohibit, unduly5. inadequate, stagnation, concernsIII.1. with2. in3. on/upon4. at5. by6. forChapter 5 American EducationPreview Exercises1-6 12 secondary Ivy League sophomore SA T Harvard University/Y ale University Review exercises:I. 1-5 ACBDB 6-8 BCDII. F F F T F FIII. Questions for discussion1.What are the admission criteria into colleges for American high school students?/doc/41a73c81d1f34693daef3e71.html pare Chinese educational system and American educational system.3.Discuss the importance of education in your life.Language focus1. distinguished2. criterion3. encompass4. prestigious5. compulsory6. Remedial7. omprised8. benchmark9. prerequisite 10.carefreeChapter 6 American Society and CultureII-III American cultural values and social customsI. DDBCC CAAACII. CJGDH FAIBEIII. Explain the following terms in English.1. Individualism is the very core of American culture and the main value in America which hasbeen influencing all the fields of politics, economics and society, even the character of the nation. It upholds self--reliance,individual freedom, equal competition.2. Rather than a symbol of sin and decadence, American materialism has always been an integralpart of life, and people attach great importance to the pursuit of material achievement and judge people by their material possessions.3. Briefly speaking, the pioneering spirit is being optimistic, active and high-spirited, industrial,tough, never yield to difficulties. American pioneers have a strong will to conquer. They are industrial and advance toward their causes without any hesitation.VI. Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topics1.1) The pioneering spirit. The pioneering spirit originating from the frontier experience hasbecome the national legacy and produced optimistic, active and high-spirited, industrial, toughAmerican people who never yield to any difficulties.2) Success as a goal. Americans place a very high valuation upon success. For them, success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort－preferably measurable. 3) Frankness and Honesty . Americans are outspoken and seldom beat around the bush. They are direct and assertiv e. They also believe that “Honesty is the best policy.”4) Self-reliance and Independence. The most noticeable characteristic of the Americans is probably their sense of self-reliance and independence. Americans don’t like to depend on others, nor do they like others to depend on them.5) Progress and Change.American people Americans place great importance on progress and change. They are willing tochange from one occupation to another. Besides, Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.2.V isiting is an important part of American life, therefore, several points should be noticed.T o begin with, you should make an arrangement ahead of time. Secondly, be punctual. Y ou can only be 5 minutes earlier. And if you can't arrive on time, give a call and explain. Thirdly, you should prepare a gift. One gift is ok for the whole family and try to offer help to host in some way. Another thing you should notice is don't smoke or drink. It is always best to ask before you smoke or bring alcohol to the table. And finally, when the dinner is over, don't overstay your welcome, two or three hours after the dinner is desirable.Language Focus1. nurture2. permeate3. stance4. tangible5. expelled6. outlet7. decadence8. component IV American family and social problemsPre-reading QuestionsII. 18 nuclear family companionship Racial discrimination Drug abuse campus violenceAfter-reading ExercisesI. BCADC DABAC BDCAC DCABAII. BBDCALanguage Focus1. smuggle2. distinctive3. arson4. rife5. extinct6. flare7. dysfunction8. aggravate dandruff VI-VII American religion and holidaysKnowledge FocusI.1. The First Amendment to the Constitution2. Christianity3. Protestantism4. Baptists5. Independence Day6. Labor Day7. Turkey Day8. ChristmasII.1. T2. F Those people whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers.3. F the government requires no belief—not even a belief in God—as a condition of holding public office.4. T5. T6. T7. F it is American Hindus not Jews8. T9. T 10. F originally honored the people killed in the AmericanCivil War 11. T 12. F World War I not American Civil War 13. T 14.F Christmas and Easter 15. T 16. F Halloween is not an official holiday 17. TLanguage FocusI.1. profoundly2. hinder3. meddle4. fertile5. numerically6. entwined7. agnostic8. approximately9. prevalent 10. persistent 11. proclaimed 12. accustomed 13. display II.1. resolutions, get rid of, resolve2. tireless, nonviolent3. acknowledge, grateful, implore4. promote, concern5. complements, maternal, paternalIII.1. on, through2. across3. for4. with5. in6. for7. in8. outIV.1. characterized2. flourished3. in favor of4. switched5. on the verge of6. remarkable7. consistsVIII American sports and media After-reading ExercisesI. BBII. 1-5 T NG T F NG 6-10 T NG F NG F Language Focus1. preeminent2. propaganda3. sanction4. circulation5. penetrate6. culmination7. mateur8. consolidate。
英美概况练习题
英美概况练习题英美概况练习题1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.C. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in whichthe English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffereda deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900C. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury选择题第⼆类：1. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north2. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians3. The English Civil War is also called ______.A. the Puritan RevolutionB. the second Magna CartaC. the Long ParliamentD. the Anglican War4. The Tories were the forerunners 0f _______ , which still bears the nickname today.A. the Labour PartyB. the Liberal PartyC. the Social Democratic PartyD. the Conservative Party5. In Britain only _______ of the population are farmers but they manage 7O% of the land area.A. 2%C. 4%D. 5%6. Which of the following Statements is NOT true about the Prime Minister in Britain?A. He is appointed by the Queen.B. He is Minister for the Civil Service.C. He sits in the House of Commons.D. He receives ￡88,292 a year.7. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______ .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Attorney GeneralD. the Prime Minister8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Health Service?A. It Provides for every resident a full range of medical services.B. It is administered by the central government.C. Its emergency ambulances are available for doctors' urgent calls.D. It has suffered from under funding in recent decades.9. There are some _______ universities in the United Kingdom, including the Open University.A. 75B. 80C. 85D. 9O10. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .A. Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC. the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and Britain11. The Grand Canyon in north-western _______ is one of nature's mostimpeessive sights.A. UtahB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Idaho12. The first immigrants in American history came from _______ .B. England and IrelandC. England and the NetherlandsD. England and Spain13. The United States went to war with _______ in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.A. BritainB. FranceC. SpainD. Mexico14. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as theirnext president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. TheodoreB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert Hoover15. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.A. BoycottB. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. Integration16. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only2.7% of the total population.A. 21%B. 31%C. 41%D. 51%17. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.A. the Secretary of StateB. the Chief JusticeC. the PresidentD. the Vice President18. The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools in the United States is that of _______ .A. classified schoolsB. vocational schoolsC. graded schoolsA. the Manhattan RenaissanceB. the Harlem RenaissanceC. the Black RevivalD. the African-American Rebirth20. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbit21. Canada was divided Into Upper Canada (English speaking) and Lower Canada (French speaking) in _______ and they were united again in _______ .A. 1791/1840B. 1775/1791C. 1840/1867D. 1775/186722. Canada's early economic development was founded on _______ .A. resource industriesB. heavy industriesC. light industriesD. manufacturing industries23. What law made French the offical language in Canada's Quebec?A. The Official Language Act.B. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec.C. The Meech Lake Accord.D. The new Canadian Constitution.24. The Canadian population is chiefly characterized by _______ .A. its sizeB. its growthC. its linguistic dualityD. its French origins25. Australia has always been a continent with few people mainly because _______ .A. Australia is too far away fram EuropeB. Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world's continentsC. Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seasII．填空题第⼀类1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _highlands, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.2. Welsh is located in the _ west of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _ Celts.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes Jutes, Saxons, and Angles invaded Britain. Among them, the Angles gave their name to English people.5. The battle of Hastings witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as Domesday Book, which was compiled in 1086.8. Thomas Becket’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. Black Death was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to two million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of yeomen farmers.填空题第⼆类●The capital of the Republic of Ireland is (1) Dublin, and the capital of Northern Ireland is (2) Belfast.●The English Renaissance was largely (3) literay and its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William (4) Shakespeare.●The Whigs were the forerunners of the (5) Liberal Party while the Tories were the forerunners of the (6) Conservative party of England.●Most of Britain's oil reserves are thought to be under the (7) North (8) Sea.●British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of (9) Lords and the House of (10) Commons.●The United Kingdom is a (11) constitutional monarchy, it began in the (12) 9 th century.●In the United Kingdom, in criminal trials by jury, the (13) judge passes sentence but the (14) jury decides the issue of guilt or innocence.●Britain is regarded as a (15) welfare state. The term applies mainly to the National (16) Health Service, national insurance and social security.●In the United Kingdom, education is compulsory for all between the ages of(17) 5 and (18) 16.●The British national newspapers can be divided into two groups: national (19) dailies and national (20) Sundays.●The most important lakes in the United States are th e (21) Great Lakes, they are all located between (22) Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.●In respect of population, (23) New (24) Y ork is the biggest city in the United States.●The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the (25) blacks, who were first brought to North America as (26) slaves in 1619.●Counterculture in 1960s was a movement of (27) revolt against the moral values, the aesthetic (28) standards and the personal behavior.●American government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the (29) executive and the (30) judicial, each has part●The first British settlers in Canada were (33) Amercian refugees who refused to fight against the British army in the War of American Independence. They called themselves (34) Loyalists.●It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia's s hores were the(35) Spanish and Portuguese, whom were followed by the (36) Dutch and then the English.●In the 1950s, there was a boom in Australia's economy and people's living standard was high, so Australia was called "the(37) lucky(38) country" in that period.●In World War II, Australia declared war on Japan immediately after Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at (39) Pearl (40) Harbor.●The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of (41) raw materials for (42) finished products.●The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the (43) British and (44) American models.●New Zealand has two main islands. They are (45) North Island and (46) South Island.●New Zealand is a sovereign independent state with a parliamentary (47) government and a constitutional (48) monarchy.●The official languages in New Zealand are (49) English and (50) Maori.1. the Hardian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wise men. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgment Day.How did the Labor Party come into being? —— As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labor Party. The Labor Party had its origins in the Independent Labor Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labor depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small societies set up theLabor Representation Committee (LRC). The LRC changed its name to be Labor Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906. The Labor Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.12. What is a constitutional monarchy?When did it begin in Britain? ——A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty’s Government —— a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?——The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the arme d forces of the crown and the “supreme governor” of the established church of England.。
英美概况作业2 Abraham Lincoln
Speaking of the president, the most impressive people that impressed me was the amount of Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln (02 1809 12 August 15 August 04 -1865) is the sixteenth president of the United States, but also the first Republican president.He made a great contribution to the advancement of American society and was adoration of the American people. He is one of the greatest figures in the history of the world. He led the great struggle to save the Union and end slavery, and promulgated the Emancipation Proclamation so that 4 million slaves could be free. He has been one of the most admired presidents in American history, with his integrity, benevolence and strong personality. Though he had only a little elementary education in the border area and had little experience in public office, his keen insight and profound humanitarian consciousness made him the greatest president in the history of the United States.The Communist revolution mentor Marx very highly of Lincoln said: "he is a will not be intimidated by difficulties, will not be confused by his success, to refuse to be cowed or submit his great goal, but never act rashly, he steadily forward, and never backwards... In a word, he is a very rare person who has reached a great state and remains in his good quality.But the time of the God of fate was not long for Lincoln, and shortly after the war, Lincoln was assassinated by a fanatical nationalist. But I believe that he will always live in the heart of every man who yearns for equality.。
英美概况练习二
英美概况练习（一）I.Choose one best answer form A, B, C, and D.1. The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from _________.A. the CeltsB. The RomansC. The NormansD. The Germans2. The person who crushed various rebellions in Ireland and settled English and Scottish Protestants there by giving them land was __________.A. Oliver CromwellB. King Charles IC. William IIID. William the Conqueror3. Christianity was introduced into Britain by _________.A. the CeltsB. The GermansC. the Viking DanesD. The Romans4. England became a Protestant country in _____________.A. the 14th centuryB. the 15th centuryC. the 16th centuryD. the 17th century5. Which of the following is not the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?A. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes6. Which of the following made people from Commonwealth countries no longer have free entry to the UK and couldn’t claim aut omatic full citizenship?A.1535 Act of UnionB. the Commonwealth Immigrants ActC. 1707 Act of UnionD. the Great Charter7. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at _____________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo8. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during __________.A. the Middle AgesB. the “grab for Africa”C. the Elizabethan ageD. the Victorian age9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was ____________.A. Henry VIIIB. James IC. Charles ID. James II10. During the whole of th e sixteenth century, England’s great enemy was ____________.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Germany11. One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history. It was ____________.A. great victories over FranceB. the Industrial RevolutionC. the loss of her American coloniesD. the founding of the modern police force12. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the Victorian age___________.A. It was an age of national development and National optimism.B. It was an age of stability in family life.C. It was an age of imperialism.D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.13. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history?__________________.A.The independence of the colonies of the old British empire.B.The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every home.C.The “suffragette” movement.D.The founding of the “Welfare State”.14. Shakespeare lived in the period of _________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian ageC. the Elizabethan ageD. The Industrial Revolution15. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was __________.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. GermanyII. Explain the following terms.1. The Roman Occupation2. The Norman Conquest3. the Hundred Years’ War4. The War of the Roses5. the Elizabethan age6. the English Civil War7. the Glorious Revolution8. the Victorian ageIII. Answer the following questions briefly.1.Who are the Britons?2.Why do the Scots, Welsh or Irish object to being called “English”?3. What great influence did the Romans have on the English Culture?4. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?5. How did the French drive the English from their country at the end of the One-hundred-year War?6. What were the characteristics of the sixteenth century as the beginning of the modern period in English history and European history?7. How did the English Church break away from the central organization of Christianity?8. What were the characteristics of the Elizabethan age?9. What was the consequence of the English Civil War?10. What’s meant by “meet one’s Waterloo”? What’s the origin of the phrase?11. How did the Victorian stability collapse after the death of Queen Victoria?12. How long did the First World War last? How long did the Second World War last?。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit 3-4I. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It has no written form of constitution.D. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.2. Which of the following kings believed the “Divine Right”to govern, and was condemned to death during the English Civil War?A. James IB. Charles IC. King JohnD. James II3. Which of the following succeeded to the throne when James I died in 1625?A. Charles IB. James IIC. Richard ID. William III4.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by , but ruled by .A. the government/the MonarchB. the Monarch/the governmentC. the Parliament/Constitutional monarchD. the Cabinet/Queen Elizabeth5. The executive power is in the hands of .A. ParliamentB. The House of CommonsC. The Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterD. The Queen6. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of Cabinet meetings in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the CabinetD. The Queen is informed of, and consulted on every aspect of national life,7. The real power of the House of Lords lies in .A. helping to pass Money BillsB. delaying billsC. discussing billsD. being Supreme Court8.Most of the practical work of the government is done by .A. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet ministersC. the civil servantsD. the heads of departments9. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.10. Which group of people is considered as the middle class?A. Those with incomes from rents and property payments.B. Those who dealt with paper, either in business or in a profession.C. Those who did manual labor.D. Those who had a great deal of money.11. is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.A. The Liberal PartyB. The Conservative PartyC. The Labour PartyD. The Liberal Democrat Party12. The Labour Party became one of the two major parties after .A. 1916B. 1922C. 1930D. 194513. The Conservative Party supports the following policies except .A. denationalizationB. free enterpriseC. extending the social serviceD. cautious social reform14. By is a “vote of no confidence” decided.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the two major partiesD. the Prime Minister15. Some industries that had been nationalized (taken over by the state) after 1945, such as .A. British Oil CorporationB. British AirwayC. British TelecommunicationsD. all of the aboveII. Fill in the blanks.1. In Britain, the Queen, whose principal role id symbolic, is also involved in theday-to-day workings of government. Among other things, she holds meetings of the Council----her personal advisory council, and in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister, she receives reports of meetings.2. The Bill passed by the Parliament in 1689 after that the Revolution in Britain is known as the English Bill of which marked not only a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch, but also the beginning of the British Monarchy.3. When Queen Anne died without any heirs, the English throne was offered to her nearest relative, George of Hanover , who thus became George Iof .4. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported while the “cavalier” supported .5. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements .6. 1688-1689, supported by the Parliament, King William II a Dutch prince, and his British wife Queen Mary II overthrew James II without bloodshed and became the joint rules of England. This was called . William and Mary then signed , which severely limited the king or queen’ s power, and since then began.7. The British Prime Minister from the Conservative Party who was also known as the “Iron Lady” was .8. In the British system of government, the leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of during the becomes the Prime Minister.9. There are five grades of English peers (nobleman). From the highest to the lowest, they are , , earl, and .10. There are three major parties in the UK: , the Labour Partyand .III. Explain the items.1.the Great Council;2. Magna Charter;3.Constitutional Monarchy;4. The Bill of Rights of 1689;5. Oliver Cromwell;6. NHS and its waiting list;7. Nationalization;8. “first-past-the post” election system;9. Shadow Cabinet; 10. Privatization; 11. General Election in Britain; 12. English Class System; 13. V ote of no confidenceIV. Answer the questions.1. What is the “Glorious Revolution”? Explain its significance.2. What are some of the characteristics of the British Constitution? Please use examples to illustrate your point.3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?4. What are the primary sources of British law and their common feature?5. What are the main features of British electoral system?6. Explain and assess the impact of New Labor’s constitutional reforms (e.g. Devolution, House of Lords, European policy, etc.) on British national identity.7. How would you contrast the British Liberal and Conservative parties between 1860 and 1890?8. Comment on Labor’s social and economic policies after the Second World War.。