供应链管理第六章作业答案

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供应链管理课后习题答案

第一章课后习题答案一、判断题SCP:分别指市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)。

哈佛学派认为. 市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)之间存在着必然的联系.並建立了SCP分析框架來分析行业与企业的发展情況P5三、简答题1答：分析汽车供应链结构简图：（1）汽车行业全球供应链的形成与发展在激烈的市场竞争中，汽车制造业是一个复杂程度和集成度非常高的行业，汽车制造业需要懂得合作与共享，并且在不同的环节有着不同的侧重点，满足不同客户需求，不断完善汽车产业全球价值链的分工体系，才能在激烈的市场中成为佼佼者。

（2）汽车供应链的利益分配及影响因素“微笑曲线”价值分布汽车供应链中有不同的侧重点，对于整车装配、非关键零部件的生产加工、流通环节等均为低附加值环节；对于产品设计与研发、品牌推广和关键零部件的生产和采购等则划分为高附加值环节，汽车企业应重视“微笑曲线”所带来的价值，针对不同的区域有不同的侧重点，有利于节省成本，提高质量。

特征：多种生产策略组合；典型的生产滚动计划；整车厂的生产计划实施，驱动整个供应链；普遍注重精益的物流运作；物流业务外包成主流；严格的零部件供应商准入机制与供应商分级管理；基于框架协议下的全球化采购；汽车售后供应链体系备受关注。

汽车产业发展新趋势汽车产业发展呈现规模化、集群化发展趋势，产业集群化使产业链纵向延伸发展，同时提高了与相关产业进行横向竞争与合作的效率2、答：分析服装供应链结构简图：先分析服装供应链的工艺流程，再分析服装供应链的类型。

服装供应链有四种主要类型的企业：（1）单纯的生产加工企业（2）自有品牌的“虚拟企业”（3）供、产、销一体化的企业（4）服装贸易公司特征：（1）服装产品的生命周期短(2)服装消费需求变动性大(3)服装消费需求的可预测性低(4)服装购买的冲动性高(5)服装产品被模仿的情况严重P14-15发展趋势：（1）产品个性化需求增大消费能力、消费心理与社会的进步三个因素，共同催生了个性化定制这个基于人自身表达诉求的概念。

(完整版)供应链管理第三版Unit6习题与答案.doc

Chapter 6Network Design in an Uncertain EnvironmentTrue/False1.Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space, cannot be altered in the short term.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2.Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space, rarely remain in place for several years.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3.Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space, define the boundaries within which the supply chain mustcompete.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4.Long-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements willbe more effective if the demand and price of warehousing do not change in thefuture or if the price of warehousing goes up.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5.Long-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements will bemore effective if either demand or the price of warehousing drops in the future.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6.The degree of demand and price uncertainty has a significant influence onthe appropriate portfolio of long- and short-term warehousing space that afirm should carry.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7.If price and demand vary over time in a global network, flexibleproduction capacity can be reconfigured to maximize profits in the newenvironment. Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. A firm may choose to build a flexible global supply chain even in the presenceof little demand or supply uncertainty if certainty exists in exchange rates or prices. Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9.The present value of a stream of cash flows is what that stream is worth intoday ’ s dollars.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. Discretionary cash flow (DCF) analysis evaluates the present value of anystream of future cash flows and allows management to compare two streams ofcash flows in terms of their financial value.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11.The present value of future cash flows is found by using a discount factor.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The rate of return k is also referred to as the present value of capital.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy13. A negative NPV for an option indicates that the option will lose money for thesupply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14.The decision with the lowest NPV will provide a supply chain with thehighest financial return.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15.In reality, demand and prices are highly uncertain and are likely to fluctuateduring the life of any supply chain decision.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate16.For a global supply chain, exchange rates and inflation are unlikely to varyover time in different locations.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17.The multiplicative binomial cannot take on negative values and can be used forfactors like demand, price, and exchange rates that cannot become negative.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate18. A logical objection to both the multiplicative and additive binomial is the fact thatthe underlying factor takes on two values at the end of each period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19.If uncertainty is ignored, a manager will always sign long-term contracts becausethey are typically cheaper and avoid all flexible capacity because it is moreexpensive.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20.During network design, managers need a methodology that allows them toestimate the certainty in their forecast of demand and price and thenincorporate this certainty into the decision-making process.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard21.Decision trees with DCFs can be used to evaluate supply chain designdecisions given uncertainty in prices, demand, exchange rates, and inflation.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate22.Uncertainty in demand and economic factors should not be included in thefinancial evaluation of supply chain design decisions.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23.In a complex decision tree, there are thousands of possible paths that may resultfrom the first period to the last.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24.Simulation methods are very good at evaluating a decision where the pathitself is decision dependent.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard25.Simulation models require a higher setup cost to start and operate comparedto decision tree tools.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy26.The main advantage of simulation models is that they can provide low-cost evaluations of complex situations.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27.Strategic planning and financial planning should be combined during supplychain network design.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28.The evaluation of supply chain networks should not use multiple metrics.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29.Financial analysis should be used as an input to decision making, not asthe decision-making process.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30.One of the best ways to speed up the process of financial analysis and arrive ata good decision is to use estimates, except when it appears that finding a veryaccurate input would take an inordinate amount of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1.Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build, the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space,a.can be altered in the short term.b.cannot be altered in the short term.c.cannot be altered in the long term.d.can only be altered in the short term.e.all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy2.Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build, the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space,a.are realigned every few weeks.b.only remain in place for several years.c.rarely remain in place for several years.d.only remain in place for a few weeks.e.often remain in place for several years.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard3.Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space,a.define the boundaries within which the supply chain must compete.b.have little impact on how the supply chain must compete.c.are irrelevant regarding how the supply chain will compete.d.are the only consideration regarding how the supply chain will compete.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4.Long-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirementswill be more effective ifa.the demand and price of warehousing do not change in the future.b.the price of warehousing goes up in the future.c.demand drops in the future.d.the price of warehousing drops in the future.e. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate5.Short-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements willbe more effectivea.if the demand and price of warehousing do not change in the future.b.if the price of warehousing goes up in the future.c.if either demand or the price of warehousing drops in the future.d.only if demand drops in the future.e.only if the price of warehousing drops in the future.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate6.The degree of demand and price uncertainty hasa.no effect on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-termwarehousing space that a firm should carry.b. a limited influence on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-term warehousing space that a firm should carry.c. a minor influence on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-termwarehousing space that a firm should carry.d. a significant influence on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-termwarehousing space that a firm should carry.e.None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate7.Uncertainty of demand and pricea.drives the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant.b.eliminates the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant.c.facilitates the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant.d.has no effect on the value of building flexible production capacity ata plant.e.None of the above are true.Answer: a8.If price and demand do vary over time in a global network,a.flexible production capacity should not be used in the new environment.b.flexible production capacity will be ineffective in the new environment.c.flexible production capacity can be reconfigured to minimize profits in thenew environment.d.flexible production capacity can be reconfigured to maximize profits inthe new environment.e.flexible production capacity should never be used in an uncertainenvironment.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. A firm may choose to build a flexible global supply chain even in the presenceof little demand or supply uncertainty ifa.certainty exists in both exchange rates and prices.b.certainty exists in exchange rates or prices.c.uncertainty exists in both exchange rates and prices.d.uncertainty exists in exchange rates or prices.e.uncertainty exists only in exchange rates.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate10.The present value of a future stream of cash flows is what that streama.was worth in yesterday’ s dollars.b.is wo rth in today’ s dollars.c.will be worth in future dollars.d.might be worth in future dollars.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy11.The process of evaluating the present value of any stream of future cash flowsso that management can compare two streams of cash flows in terms of theirfinancial value isa.annual cash flow(ACF) analysis.b.discretionary cash flow(DCF) analysis.c.discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis.d.future cash flow(FCF) analysis.e.none of theabove Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate12.The present value of future cash flow is found bya.locating the correct factor on a z-table.ing a discount factor.c.plotting the function on a graph.d.adding the total of all future cash flows.e.none of the aboveAnswer: b13.The discount factor used to obtain the present value of money in the next periodwhere k represents the rate of return isa.k.b.1+k.c.1/(1+ k).d.k /(1+ k).e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate14.The rate of return k is also referred to as thea.discount rate.b.hurdle rate.c.opportunity cost of capital.d.all of the abovee.none of theabove Answer: dDifficulty: Easy15.What is the present value of a $27 revenue that will be received in one yearwhere the rate of return is 8% (.08)?a.$2.50b.$15.00c.$25.00d.$30.00e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy16.The net present value (NPV) of a stream of cash flows is equal toa.the sum of all cash flows for all periods being considered.b.the sum of all cash flows for all periods being considered divided bythe number of periods.c.the average of all cash flows for all periods being considered.d.the average of all cash flows for all periods being considered multipliedby the number of periods.e.the sum of all cash flows for all periods being considered discountedby the rate of return for each period.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard17. A negative NPV (net present value) for an option indicates that the option willa.gain money for the supply chain.b.lose money for the supply chain.c.maximize profit for the supply chain.d.minimize profit for the supply chain.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate18.The decision with the highest NPV (net present value) will provide a supply chainwitha.the highest financial return.b.the lowest financial return.c. a reasonable financial return.d.the least desirable financial return.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate19.The NPV (net present value) of a cash stream that is equal to $100 per period for5 periods with a rate of return of 10% (.10) per period would bea.379.07.b.416.98.c.500.00.d.610.51.e.671.56.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate20.The NPV (net present value) of a cash stream that is equal to $75 per period for5 periods with a rate of return of 10% (.10) per period would bea.221.37.b.284.30.c.312.74.d.375.00.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate21.In reality, demand and prices area.highly certain and not likely to fluctuate during the life of any supply chaindecision.b.highly certain and likely to fluctuate during the life of any supplychain decision.c.highly uncertain and not likely to fluctuate during the life of any supplychain decision.d.highly uncertain and likely to fluctuate during the life of any supply chaindecision.e.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate22.For a global supply chain, exchange rates and inflation area.likely to vary over time in different locations.b.not likely to vary over time in different locations.c.not likely to vary over time in any locations.d.likely to be stable over time in all locations.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy23.The binomial representation of uncertainty is based on the assumption that whenmoving from one period to the next, the value of the underlying factor (such asdemand or price)a.has only one possible outcome.b.has only two possible outcomes - up or down.c.has many possible outcomes.d.cannot be accurately determined.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate24.In the commonly used multiplicative binomial, it is assumed that the underlyingfactora. moves up by a factor u > 1 with probability p.b. moves down by a factor u > 1 with probability p.c. moves down by a factor d < 1 with probability 1 –p.d.either a or be.either a orc Answer: eDifficulty: Hard25.The multiplicative binomial can be used for factors like demand, price, andexchange rates that cannot become negative because ita.can take on negative values.b.cannot take on negative values.c.can take on positive values.d.cannot take on positive values.e.all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard26. A logical objection to both the multiplicative and additive binomial is the fact thatthe underlying factora.takes on only one of two possible values at the end of each period.b.takes on two values at the end of each period.c.takes on one of many possible values at the end of each period.d.takes on several of many possible values at the end of each period.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27.If uncertainty is ignored, a manager willa.always sign long-term contracts because they are typically moreexpensive and avoid all flexible capacity because it is more expensive.b.always sign short-term contracts because they are typically cheaperand avoid all flexible capacity because it is more expensive.c.always sign long-term contracts because they are typically cheaperand avoid all flexible capacity because it is more expensive.d.always sign short-term contracts because they are typically cheaperand avoid all flexible capacity because it is less expensive.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. A decision tree isa. a graphic device used to evaluate decisions under certainty.b. a graphic device used to evaluate decisions under uncertainty.c. a tabular device used to evaluate decisions under certainty.d. a tabular device used to evaluate decisions under uncertainty.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29. Decision tree analysis is based on Bellman ’ s principle, which states that for anychoice of strategy in a given state,a. the optimal strategy is the one that is selected if the entire analysis isassumed to begin in the first period.b. the optimal strategy is the one that is selected if the entire analysis isassumed to begin in the last period.c. the optimal strategy in the next period is the one that is selected if theentire analysis is assumed to begin in the last period.d. the optimal strategy in the next period is the one that is selected if theentire analysis is assumed to begin in the next period.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard30.The first step in decision tree analysis methodology is toa.identify factors such as demand, price, and exchange rate, whosefluctuation will be considered over the next T periods.b.identify the periodic discount rate k for each period.c.start at period T, work back to Period 0 identifying the optimal decisionand the expected cash flows at each step. Expected cash flows at eachstep in a given period should be discounted back when included inthe previous period.d.identify the duration of each period (month, quarter, etc.) and the numberof periods T over which the decision is to be evaluated.e.identify representations of uncertainty for each factor; that is, determinewhat distribution to use to model the uncertainty.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate31.The last step in decision tree analysis methodology is toa. identify factors such as demand, price, and exchange rate, whose fluctuationwill be considered over the next T periods.b. identify the periodic discount rate k for each period.c. start at period T, work back to Period 0, identifying the optimal decision andthe expected cash flows at each step. Expected cash flows at each step in agiven period should be discounted back when included in the previous period.d.identify the duration of each period (month, quarter, etc.) and the number ofperiods T over which the decision is to be evaluated.e.identify representations of uncertainty for each factor; that is, determine whatdistribution to use to model the uncertainty.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate32.Uncertainty in demand and economic factors should be included in thefinancial evaluation of supply chain design decisions, becausea.the exclusion of certainty may have a significant impact on this evaluation.b.the exclusion of uncertainty may have a significant impact on thisevaluation.c.the inclusion of certainty may have a significant impact on this evaluation.d.the inclusion of uncertainty may have a significant impact onthis evaluation.e.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard33.Flexibility should be valued by taking into account uncertainty in demandand economic factors. In general, flexibility will tend toa.decrease in value with a decrease in certainty.b.increase in value with an increase in uncertainty.c.decrease in value with an increase in uncertainty.d.increase in value with an increase in certainty.e.None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate34. A major factor that makes the decision tree methodology quite powerful isa.the choice of certainty.b.the choice of discount rate.c.the choice of uncertainty level.d.the choice of additive factor.e.all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate35.The appropriate discount rate used in decision tree methodologya.should be risk-adjusted and risk may vary by period and decision node.b.should be risk-adjusted and risk may not vary by period and decisionnode.c.should not be risk-adjusted and risk may vary by period and decisionnode.d.should not be risk-adjusted and risk may not vary by period anddecision node.e.None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate36.Alternative approaches to decision tree analysis includea.contingent claims analysis (CCA) for discrete time analysis.b.real options for the continuous time case.c.real options for the discrete time analysis.d.all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37.Contingent claims analysis (CCA) and real optionsa.adjust hurdle rate so that the risk-free discount rate may be applied ineach period.b.adjust opportunity cost of capital so that the risk-free discount rate may beapplied in each period.c.adjust rate of return so that the risk-free discount rate may be appliedin each period.d.adjust transition probabilities so that the risk-free discount rate maybe applied in each period.e.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38.Firms should use simulation for evaluating decisions whena.underlying decision trees are simple and explicit solutions forthe underlying decision tree are difficult to obtain.b.underlying decision trees are very complex and explicit solutions forthe underlying decision tree are difficult to obtain.c.underlying decision trees are simple and explicit solutions forthe underlying decision tree are easy to obtain.d.underlying decision trees are very complex and explicit solutions forthe underlying decision tree are easy to obtain.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate39.In a complex decision tree there area.only a few possible paths that may result from the first period to the last.b.less than thirty possible paths that may result from the first period tothe last.c.thousands of possible paths that may result from the first period tothe last.d.an infinite number of possible paths that may result from the first periodto the last.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40.Simulation methods are very good at evaluating a decision wherea.the path itself is decision dependent.b.the path itself is not decision dependent.c.the discount rate is decision dependent.d.the discount rate is not decision dependent.e.none of theabove Answer: bDifficulty: Hard41.Simulation modelsa.require a higher setup cost to start and operate compared to decisiontree tools.b.require a lower setup cost to start and operate compared to decision treetools.c.require a higher setup cost to start but less to operate comparedto decision tree tools.d.require a lower setup cost to start but more to operate comparedto decision tree tools.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard42.The main advantage of simulation models is that they cana.provide high-quality evaluations of simple situations.b.provide high-quality evaluations of complex situations.c.provide low-cost evaluations of simple situations.d.provide low-cost evaluations of complex situations.e.provide low-quality evaluations of complex situations.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy43.Strategic planning and financial planninga.should be performed independently during supply chain network design.b.should be performed sequentially during supply chain network design.c.should be performed hierarchically during supply chain network design.d.should be performed concurrently during supply chain network design.e.should be combined during supply chain network design.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard44.The evaluation of supply chain networksa.should use only one metric.b.should use multiple metrics.c.should not use more than one metric.d.should not use multiple metrics.e.should be subjective.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate45.Financial analysis should be used asa.the decision-making process.b.an alternative decision-making process.c.an input to decision making, not as the decision-making process.d.all of the abovee.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate46.One of the best ways to speed up the process of financial analysis and arrive ata good decision is toe estimates of inputs when it appears that finding a very accurate inputwould take an inordinate amount of time.e estimates backed up by sensitivity analysis when it appears thatfinding a very accurate input would take an inordinate amount of time.e estimates of inputs except when it appears that finding avery accurate input would take an inordinate amount of time.d.make sure that every detail is very accurate.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1.Explain additive and multiplicative binomial representations of uncertainty.Answer : The binomial representation of uncertainty is based on the assumptionthat when moving from one period to the next, the value of the underlying factor(such as demand or price) has only two possible outcomes - up or down. In thecommonly used multiplicative binomial, it is assumed that the underlying factoreither moves up by a factor u > 1 with probability p, or down by a factor d < 1 with probability 1 –p. In the additive binomial, it is assumed that the underlying factorincreases by u in a given period with probability p and decreases by d withprobability 1 –p. The multiplicative binomial cannot take on negative values andcan be used for factors like demand, price, and exchange rates that cannotbecome negative. It also has the advantage of the growth or decline in the givenfactor being proportional to the current value of the factor and not fixedindependent of size. A logical objection to both the multiplicative and additivebinomial is the fact that the underlying factor takes on only one of two possiblevalues at the end of each period. Certainly a price can change to more than justtwo values. But by making the period short enough, this assumption may bejustified.Difficulty: Hard2.Summarize the steps in the decision tree analysis methodology.Answer: The decision tree analysis methodology is summarized as follows:1.Identify the duration of each period (month, quarter, etc.) and the number ofperiods T over which the decision is to be evaluated.2.Identify factors such as demand, price, and exchange rate, whose fluctuationwill be considered over the next T periods.3.Identify representations of uncertainty for each factor; that is, determinewhat distribution to use to model the uncertainty.4. Identify the periodic discount rate k for each period.5.Represent the decision tree with defined states in each period, as well asthe transition probabilities between states in successive periods.6. Starting at period T, work back to Period 0, identifying the optimal decision andthe expected cash flows at each step. Expected cash flows at each step in a givenperiod should be discounted back when included in the previous period. Difficulty:Moderate3.Discuss the ideas that managers should consider to make better supply chainnetwork design decisions under uncertainty.Answer: Managers should consider the following ideas to help them make betternetwork design decisions under uncertainty:1. Combine strategic planning and financial planning during network design.Inmost organizations, financial planning and strategic planning are performedindependently. Strategic planning tries to prepare for future uncertainties butoften without rigorous quantitative analysis, whereas financial planning performsquantitative analysis but assumes a predictable or well-defined future. Decisionmakers should design supply chain networks considering a portfolio of strategicoptions —the option to wait, build excess capacity, build flexible capacity, signlong-term contracts, purchase from the spot market, and so forth. The variousoptions should be evaluated in the context of future uncertainty.2. Use multiple metrics to evaluate supply chain networks.As one metric canonly give part of the picture, it is beneficial to examine network design decisionsusing multiple metrics such as firm profits, supply chain profits, customerservice levels, and response times. Often, different metrics will recommenddifferent decisions and by using multiple metrics, the differences between thestrategic choices will become clearer. The best decisions can be made when amultitude of metrics are available, because each metric enhances the overallview of the alternatives being considered.e financial analysis as an input to decision making, not as the decision-making process. Financial analysis is a great tool in the decision-making process,as it often produces an answer and an abundance of quantitative data to back upthat answer. However appealing this may be, management should not rely solelyon financial analysis to make decisions. Use of this analysis as a large part of thedecision-making process is fine, but other inputs into the decision process that aredifficult to quantify should be included in the analysis as well. Financialmethodologies alone do not provide a complete picture of the alternatives. Theseimpacts should be considered in addition to the raw financial analysis. In the finalanalysis, management must use other inputs beyond financial analysis in thedecision-making process to get the most complete view of the alternatives possible.4. Use estimates along with sensitivity analysis. Many of the inputs into financialanalysis can be difficult, if not impossible, to nail down in a very accurate fashion.This can cause financial analysis to be a long and drawn out process. One of thebest ways to speed the process along and arrive at a good decision is to useestimates of inputs when it appears that finding a very accurate input would take aninordinate amount of time. Using estimates is fine when the estimates are backed upby sensitivity analysis. By performing sensitivity analysis on the input ’ s。

供应链管理自测练习六

第六章供应链库存管理一、重点名词1.周期性订货2.短期博弈3.供应商管理库存4.联合库存管理二、单项选择题1.传统的库存控制解决主要是从（）企业的角度来考虑。

A.多个B.单个C.两个D.三个2.研究供应链上的（），就是要研究如何按照需求合理地降低整个供应链上的库存量，获得最优的订货策略。

A.仓储管理B.仓库管理C.库存管理D.货物管理3.供应链管理的绩效好坏最终应该由（）来评价。

A.领导B.用户C.企业员工D.售货员4.用MRP批量订货出现的需求（）现象，称为“MRP紧张”。

A.放大B.缩小C.不变D.成本5.需求放大效应是需求（）扭曲的结果。

A.数量B.信息C.技术D.反映6.供应链是多个组织的联合，通过有效的过程管理可以（）乃至消除库存。

A.减少B.增加C.不变D.大幅增加7.在供应链企业之间的交易合作过程中产生的各种费用，交易成本随着交易量的()而减少。

A.增加B.减少C.不变D.变化8.需求放大效应是需求信息（）的结果A.变化B.缩小C.扭曲D.放大9.为了应付不确定性，供应链上各个节点企业都设有一定的（），这是企业采取的一种应急措施。

A.在库库存B.在途库存C.已分配量D.安全库存10.（）是建立在经销商一体化基础之上的一种风险分担的库存管理模式。

A.供应商管理库存B.联合库存管理C.第三方管理库存D.分销商管理库存11.供应链成本在企业的运营费用中占有很高的比重，有一项调查表明，在某些行业可以占到（）以上。

A.90%B.85%C.75%D.95%12.在传统的多级库存优化方法中，主要考虑的供应链模式是（）。

A.生产—分销模式B.供应—分销模式C.分销—生产模式D.分销—供应模式13.（）是由于供不应求造成市场机会损失以及用户罚款等。

A.维持库存费用B.交易成本C.缺货损失成本D.订货费用14.（）是将控制中心放在核心企业上，由核心企业对供应链系统的库存进行控制，协调上游和下游企业的库存活动。

《供应链管理》第二版参考答案[20页]

《供应链管理》各章思考题参考答案第一章思考题：1．什么是供应链？怎么样理解我国对供应链的定义？答：供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的网链结构和模式。

关于这个定义的含义，我们可以从以下几个方面来理解：（1）它是一个范围更广的企业结构模式。

供应链包含所有加盟的节点企业，从原材料的供应开始，经过网链中不同企业的制造加工、组装、分销等过程直到最终用户。

它把整个供应链看成是一个不可分割的整体，是一个更广泛的企业结构模式。

（2）这个概念强调了供应链的战略伙伴关系。

（3）供应链的网链结构中究竟包括哪些企业，这些企业应该各自出现在供应链的什么位置，相互之间的关系应该怎样，则取决于诸多因素。

（4）供应链的网链结构主要包括：供应链的长度(即所包含的层面数)、各层面供应商或客户的数量、各层面之间的联系方式。

2．供应链有什么样的特点？答：现代意义上的供应链与传统意义上的供应链或单个企业来说，具有以下的特点：（1）．复杂性（2）．动态性（3）．服务性（4）．交叉性（5）．波动性、放大性和延迟性3．供应链的发展经历了哪几个阶段？答：无论是国内还是国外，对供应链的认识和研究的过程都是一个从简单到复杂、从内部到外部，从理论到实践的过程。

（1）内部流程阶段（2）外部合作阶段（3）供应链整合阶段供应链认识的演化过程4．消费品供应链与生产品供应链有什么不同点？答：消费品应链和生产物品供应链的特征差异，至少表现在供应链的主要流转物品、消费特征、需求变化、供应链运营形式和增值效应等5个方面，参见下表。

第二章思考题：1．供应链管理是如何产生的？答：供应链管理的产生和发展主要基于以下几个重要原因：（1）．企业面临新的竞争环境（2）．降低库存及提高顾客服务的需要（3）.传统管理模式无能为力2．什么是供应链管理？其内涵是什么？答：供应链管理，是连结企业内、外部结盟的企业伙伴，为满足市场的最终消费者需求，整合商流、物流、资金流、信息流之所有营运活动，创造出整体供应链的最佳化（最高效率及最小成本），以达成具高度竞争力的供应系统。

高级经济师-工商管理-章节练习-第六章供应链管理

高级经济师-工商管理-章节练习-第六章供应链管理[问答题]1.供应商管理库存有哪些原则？正确答案：详见解析参考解析：(1)合作性原则（合作精神）。

实施供应商管理库存，共享信息和信息透明（江南博哥）是很重要的，供应商和用户都要有较好的合作精神，才能够保持较好的合作关系。

(2)互惠原则（使双方成本最小)。

供应商管理库存解决的不是关于成本如何分配或者谁来支付的问题，而是通过实施供应商管理库存使双方的成本都得到减少，双方都受益。

(3)目标一致性原则。

双方都要在观念上达成一致目标。

例如，库存放在哪里、什么时候支付、是否要支付管理费、要花费多少等问题都需要双方达成一致并体现在目标框架协议中。

(4)总体优化原则。

供需双方共同努力消除浪费并共享收益。

[问答题]3.订单驱动的采购方式有哪些特点？正确答案：详见解析参考解析：①由于供应商与制造商建立了战略合作伙伴关系，办理供应合同的手续大大简化，不再需要双方询盘和报盘的反复协商，交易成本也因此大为降低；②在同步化供应链计划的协调下，制造计划、采购计划、供应计划能够并行进行，缩短了用户响应时间，采购与供应的重点在于协调各种计划的执行，使制造计划、采购计划、销售计划保持同步；③采购物资直接进人制造部门，减少采购部门的工作压力和不增加价值的活动，实现供应链的精细化运作;④信息传递方式发生变化，供应链管理环境下供应商能共享制造商的相关信息，提高供应商应变能力，减少信息失真，同时在订货过程中不断进行信息反馈，修正订货计划，使订货量与需求量保持较高的一致性。

[问答题]4.简述物流运作模式该如何选择？正确答案：详见解析参考解析：1.如果物流在企业战略中起关键作用，但自身物流管理水平却较低，对这类企业来说，组建物流联盟将会在物流设施、运输能力、专业管理技能上受益极大；2.对物流在其战略中不占关键地位，但其物流水平却很高的企业来说，可以寻找伙伴共享物流资源，通过增加物流业务获得规模效益，降低成本；3.如果企业有很高的客户服务需求标准，物流成本占总成本的比重极大，自身物流管理能力强，一般不会选择外购物流服务而采用自营方式；4.对于那些物流在其战略中地位并不是很重要、自身物流管理能力也比较欠缺的企业来说，采用第三方物流是最佳选择，因为这样能大幅度降低物流成本，提髙物流水平。

(完整版)供应链管理第三版Unit6习题与答案

Chapter 6Network Design in an Uncertain EnvironmentTrue/False1. Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space, cannot be altered in the short term.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space, rarely remain in place for several years.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space, define the boundaries within which the supply chain mustcompete.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Long-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements willbe more effective if the demand and price of warehousing do not change in thefuture or if the price of warehousing goes up.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. Long-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements willbe more effective if either demand or the price of warehousing drops in the future.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The degree of demand and price uncertainty has a significant influence on theappropriate portfolio of long- and short-term warehousing space that a firmshould carry.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. If price and demand vary over time in a global network, flexible productioncapacity can be reconfigured to maximize profits in the new environment.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. A firm may choose to build a flexible global supply chain even in the presence oflittle demand or supply uncertainty if certainty exists in exchange rates or prices.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. The present value of a stream of cash flows is what that stream is worth intoday’s dollars.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. Discretionary cash flow (DCF) analysis evaluates the present value of anystream of future cash flows and allows management to compare two streams of cash flows in terms of their financial value.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. The present value of future cash flows is found by using a discount factor.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The rate of return k is also referred to as the present value of capital.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy13. A negative NPV for an option indicates that the option will lose money for thesupply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The decision with the lowest NPV will provide a supply chain with the highestfinancial return.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15. In reality, demand and prices are highly uncertain and are likely to fluctuateduring the life of any supply chain decision.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate16. For a global supply chain, exchange rates and inflation are unlikely to vary overtime in different locations.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17. The multiplicative binomial cannot take on negative values and can be used forfactors like demand, price, and exchange rates that cannot become negative.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate18. A logical objection to both the multiplicative and additive binomial is the fact thatthe underlying factor takes on two values at the end of each period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. If uncertainty is ignored, a manager will always sign long-term contracts becausethey are typically cheaper and avoid all flexible capacity because it is moreexpensive.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. During network design, managers need a methodology that allows them toestimate the certainty in their forecast of demand and price and then incorporate this certainty into the decision-making process.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard21. Decision trees with DCFs can be used to evaluate supply chain design decisionsgiven uncertainty in prices, demand, exchange rates, and inflation.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate22. Uncertainty in demand and economic factors should not be included in thefinancial evaluation of supply chain design decisions.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. In a complex decision tree, there are thousands of possible paths that may resultfrom the first period to the last.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. Simulation methods are very good at evaluating a decision where the path itselfis decision dependent.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard25. Simulation models require a higher setup cost to start and operate compared todecision tree tools.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy26. The main advantage of simulation models is that they can provide low-costevaluations of complex situations.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Strategic planning and financial planning should be combined during supplychain network design.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The evaluation of supply chain networks should not use multiple metrics.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. Financial analysis should be used as an input to decision making, not as thedecision-making process.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. One of the best ways to speed up the process of financial analysis and arrive at agood decision is to use estimates, except when it appears that finding a veryaccurate input would take an inordinate amount of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space,a. can be altered in the short term.b. cannot be altered in the short term.c. cannot be altered in the long term.d. can only be altered in the short term.e. all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy2. Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space,a. are realigned every few weeks.b. only remain in place for several years.c. rarely remain in place for several years.d. only remain in place for a few weeks.e. often remain in place for several years.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard3. Decisions made during the supply chain design phase regarding significantinvestments in the supply chain, such as the number and size of plants to build,the number of trucks to purchase or lease, and whether to build or leasewarehouse space,a. define the boundaries within which the supply chain must compete.b. have little impact on how the supply chain must compete.c. are irrelevant regarding how the supply chain will compete.d. are the only consideration regarding how the supply chain will compete.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4. Long-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements willbe more effective ifa. the demand and price of warehousing do not change in the future.b. the price of warehousing goes up in the future.c. demand drops in the future.d. the price of warehousing drops in the future.e. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate5. Short-term contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements willbe more effectivea. if the demand and price of warehousing do not change in the future.b. if the price of warehousing goes up in the future.c. if either demand or the price of warehousing drops in the future.d. only if demand drops in the future.e. only if the price of warehousing drops in the future.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. The degree of demand and price uncertainty hasa. no effect on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-term warehousingspace that a firm should carry.b. a limited influence on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-termwarehousing space that a firm should carry.c. a minor influence on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-termwarehousing space that a firm should carry.d. a significant influence on the appropriate portfolio of long- and short-termwarehousing space that a firm should carry.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate7. Uncertainty of demand and pricea. drives the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant.b. eliminates the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant.c. facilitates the value of building flexible production capacity at a plant.d. has no effect on the value of building flexible production capacity at aplant.e. None of the above are true.Answer: a8. If price and demand do vary over time in a global network,a. flexible production capacity should not be used in the new environment.b. flexible production capacity will be ineffective in the new environment.c. flexible production capacity can be reconfigured to minimize profits in thenew environment.d. flexible production capacity can be reconfigured to maximize profits in thenew environment.e. flexible production capacity should never be used in an uncertainenvironment.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. A firm may choose to build a flexible global supply chain even in the presence oflittle demand or supply uncertainty ifa. certainty exists in both exchange rates and prices.b. certainty exists in exchange rates or prices.c. uncertainty exists in both exchange rates and prices.d. uncertainty exists in exchange rates or prices.e. uncertainty exists only in exchange rates.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate10. The present value of a future stream of cash flows is what that streama. was worth in yesterday’s dollars.b. is wo rth in today’s dollars.c. will be worth in future dollars.d. might be worth in future dollars.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy11. The process of evaluating the present value of any stream of future cash flows sothat management can compare two streams of cash flows in terms of theirfinancial value isa. annual cash flow(ACF) analysis.b. discretionary cash flow(DCF) analysis.c. discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis.d. future cash flow(FCF) analysis.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate12. The present value of future cash flow is found bya. locating the correct factor on a z-table.b. using a discount factor.c. plotting the function on a graph.d. adding the total of all future cash flows.e. none of the aboveAnswer: b13. The discount factor used to obtain the present value of money in the next periodwhere k represents the rate of return isa. k.b. 1+k.c. 1/(1+k).d. k /(1+k).e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate14. The rate of return k is also referred to as thea. discount rate.b. hurdle rate.c. opportunity cost of capital.d. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy15. What is the present value of a $27 revenue that will be received in one yearwhere the rate of return is 8% (.08)?a. $2.50b. $15.00c. $25.00d. $30.00e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy16. The net present value (NPV) of a stream of cash flows is equal toa. the sum of all cash flows for all periods being considered.b. the sum of all cash flows for all periods being considered divided by thenumber of periods.c. the average of all cash flows for all periods being considered.d. the average of all cash flows for all periods being considered multiplied bythe number of periods.e. the sum of all cash flows for all periods being considered discounted bythe rate of return for each period.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard17. A negative NPV (net present value) for an option indicates that the option willa. gain money for the supply chain.b. lose money for the supply chain.c. maximize profit for the supply chain.d. minimize profit for the supply chain.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate18. The decision with the highest NPV (net present value) will provide a supply chainwitha. the highest financial return.b. the lowest financial return.c. a reasonable financial return.d. the least desirable financial return.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate19. The NPV (net present value) of a cash stream that is equal to $100 per period for5 periods with a rate of return of 10% (.10) per period would bea. 379.07.b. 416.98.c. 500.00.d. 610.51.e. 671.56.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate20. The NPV (net present value) of a cash stream that is equal to $75 per period for5 periods with a rate of return of 10% (.10) per period would bea. 221.37.b. 284.30.c. 312.74.d. 375.00.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate21. In reality, demand and prices area. highly certain and not likely to fluctuate during the life of any supply chaindecision.b. highly certain and likely to fluctuate during the life of any supply chaindecision.c. highly uncertain and not likely to fluctuate during the life of any supplychain decision.d. highly uncertain and likely to fluctuate during the life of any supply chaindecision.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate22. For a global supply chain, exchange rates and inflation area. likely to vary over time in different locations.b. not likely to vary over time in different locations.c. not likely to vary over time in any locations.d. likely to be stable over time in all locations.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy23. The binomial representation of uncertainty is based on the assumption that whenmoving from one period to the next, the value of the underlying factor (such asdemand or price)a. has only one possible outcome.b. has only two possible outcomes - up or down.c. has many possible outcomes.d. cannot be accurately determined.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate24. In the commonly used multiplicative binomial, it is assumed that the underlyingfactora. moves up by a factor u > 1 with probability p.b. moves down by a factor u > 1 with probability p.c. moves down by a factor d < 1 with probability 1 – p.d. either a or be. either a or cAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard25. The multiplicative binomial can be used for factors like demand, price, andexchange rates that cannot become negative because ita. can take on negative values.b. cannot take on negative values.c. can take on positive values.d. cannot take on positive values.e. all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard26. A logical objection to both the multiplicative and additive binomial is the fact thatthe underlying factora. takes on only one of two possible values at the end of each period.b. takes on two values at the end of each period.c. takes on one of many possible values at the end of each period.d. takes on several of many possible values at the end of each period.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27. If uncertainty is ignored, a manager willa. always sign long-term contracts because they are typically moreexpensive and avoid all flexible capacity because it is more expensive.b. always sign short-term contracts because they are typically cheaper andavoid all flexible capacity because it is more expensive.c. always sign long-term contracts because they are typically cheaper andavoid all flexible capacity because it is more expensive.d. always sign short-term contracts because they are typically cheaper andavoid all flexible capacity because it is less expensive.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. A decision tree isa. a graphic device used to evaluate decisions under certainty.b. a graphic device used to evaluate decisions under uncertainty.c. a tabular device used to evaluate decisions under certainty.d. a tabular device used to evaluate decisions under uncertainty.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29. Decision tree analysis is based on Bellman’s principle, which states that for anychoice of strategy in a given state,a. the optimal strategy is the one that is selected if the entire analysis isassumed to begin in the first period.b. the optimal strategy is the one that is selected if the entire analysis isassumed to begin in the last period.c. the optimal strategy in the next period is the one that is selected if theentire analysis is assumed to begin in the last period.d. the optimal strategy in the next period is the one that is selected if theentire analysis is assumed to begin in the next period.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard30. The first step in decision tree analysis methodology is toa. identify factors such as demand, price, and exchange rate, whosefluctuation will be considered over the next T periods.b. identify the periodic discount rate k for each period.c. start at period T, work back to Period 0 identifying the optimal decisionand the expected cash flows at each step. Expected cash flows at eachstep in a given period should be discounted back when included in theprevious period.d. identify the duration of each period (month, quarter, etc.) and the numberof periods T over which the decision is to be evaluated.e. identify representations of uncertainty for each factor; that is, determinewhat distribution to use to model the uncertainty.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. The last step in decision tree analysis methodology is toa. identify factors such as demand, price, and exchange rate, whose fluctuationwill be considered over the next T periods.b. identify the periodic discount rate k for each period.c. start at period T, work back to Period 0, identifying the optimal decision andthe expected cash flows at each step. Expected cash flows at each step in agiven period should be discounted back when included in the previous period.d. identify the duration of each period (month, quarter, etc.) and the number ofperiods T over which the decision is to be evaluated.e. identify representations of uncertainty for each factor; that is, determine whatdistribution to use to model the uncertainty.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate32. Uncertainty in demand and economic factors should be included in the financialevaluation of supply chain design decisions, becausea. the exclusion of certainty may have a significant impact on this evaluation.b. the exclusion of uncertainty may have a significant impact on thisevaluation.c. the inclusion of certainty may have a significant impact on this evaluation.d. the inclusion of uncertainty may have a significant impact on thisevaluation.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard33. Flexibility should be valued by taking into account uncertainty in demand andeconomic factors. In general, flexibility will tend toa. decrease in value with a decrease in certainty.b. increase in value with an increase in uncertainty.c. decrease in value with an increase in uncertainty.d. increase in value with an increase in certainty.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate34. A major factor that makes the decision tree methodology quite powerful isa. the choice of certainty.b. the choice of discount rate.c. the choice of uncertainty level.d. the choice of additive factor.e. all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate35. The appropriate discount rate used in decision tree methodologya. should be risk-adjusted and risk may vary by period and decision node.b. should be risk-adjusted and risk may not vary by period and decisionnode.c. should not be risk-adjusted and risk may vary by period and decisionnode.d. should not be risk-adjusted and risk may not vary by period and decisionnode.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Alternative approaches to decision tree analysis includea. contingent claims analysis (CCA) for discrete time analysis.b. real options for the continuous time case.c. real options for the discrete time analysis.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37. Contingent claims analysis (CCA) and real optionsa. adjust hurdle rate so that the risk-free discount rate may be applied ineach period.b. adjust opportunity cost of capital so that the risk-free discount rate may beapplied in each period.c. adjust rate of return so that the risk-free discount rate may be applied ineach period.d. adjust transition probabilities so that the risk-free discount rate may beapplied in each period.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38. Firms should use simulation for evaluating decisions whena. underlying decision trees are simple and explicit solutions for theunderlying decision tree are difficult to obtain.b. underlying decision trees are very complex and explicit solutions for theunderlying decision tree are difficult to obtain.c. underlying decision trees are simple and explicit solutions for theunderlying decision tree are easy to obtain.d. underlying decision trees are very complex and explicit solutions for theunderlying decision tree are easy to obtain.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate39. In a complex decision tree there area. only a few possible paths that may result from the first period to the last.b. less than thirty possible paths that may result from the first period to thelast.c. thousands of possible paths that may result from the first period to thelast.d. an infinite number of possible paths that may result from the first period tothe last.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. Simulation methods are very good at evaluating a decision wherea. the path itself is decision dependent.b. the path itself is not decision dependent.c. the discount rate is decision dependent.d. the discount rate is not decision dependent.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard41. Simulation modelsa. require a higher setup cost to start and operate compared to decision treetools.b. require a lower setup cost to start and operate compared to decision treetools.c. require a higher setup cost to start but less to operate compared todecision tree tools.d. require a lower setup cost to start but more to operate compared todecision tree tools.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard42. The main advantage of simulation models is that they cana. provide high-quality evaluations of simple situations.b. provide high-quality evaluations of complex situations.c. provide low-cost evaluations of simple situations.d. provide low-cost evaluations of complex situations.e. provide low-quality evaluations of complex situations.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy43. Strategic planning and financial planninga. should be performed independently during supply chain network design.b. should be performed sequentially during supply chain network design.c. should be performed hierarchically during supply chain network design.d. should be performed concurrently during supply chain network design.e. should be combined during supply chain network design.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard44. The evaluation of supply chain networksa. should use only one metric.b. should use multiple metrics.c. should not use more than one metric.d. should not use multiple metrics.e. should be subjective.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate45. Financial analysis should be used asa. the decision-making process.b. an alternative decision-making process.c. an input to decision making, not as the decision-making process.d. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate46. One of the best ways to speed up the process of financial analysis and arrive at agood decision is toa. use estimates of inputs when it appears that finding a very accurate inputwould take an inordinate amount of time.b. use estimates backed up by sensitivity analysis when it appears thatfinding a very accurate input would take an inordinate amount of time.c. use estimates of inputs except when it appears that finding a veryaccurate input would take an inordinate amount of time.d. make sure that every detail is very accurate.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. Explain additive and multiplicative binomial representations of uncertainty.Answer: The binomial representation of uncertainty is based on the assumptionthat when moving from one period to the next, the value of the underlying factor(such as demand or price) has only two possible outcomes - up or down. In thecommonly used multiplicative binomial, it is assumed that the underlying factoreither moves up by a factor u > 1 with probability p, or down by a factor d < 1 with probability 1 – p. In the additive binomial, it is assumed that the underlying factor increases by u in a given period with probability p and decreases by d withprobability 1 – p. The multiplicative binomial cannot take on negative values and can be used for factors like demand, price, and exchange rates that cannotbecome negative. It also has the advantage of the growth or decline in the given factor being proportional to the current value of the factor and not fixedindependent of size. A logical objection to both the multiplicative and additivebinomial is the fact that the underlying factor takes on only one of two possiblevalues at the end of each period. Certainly a price can change to more than justtwo values. But by making the period short enough, this assumption may bejustified.Difficulty: Hard2. Summarize the steps in the decision tree analysis methodology.Answer: The decision tree analysis methodology is summarized as follows:1. Identify the duration of each period (month, quarter, etc.) and the number ofperiods T over which the decision is to be evaluated.2. Identify factors such as demand, price, and exchange rate, whose fluctuationwill be considered over the next T periods.3. Identify representations of uncertainty for each factor; that is, determine whatdistribution to use to model the uncertainty.4. Identify the periodic discount rate k for each period.5. Represent the decision tree with defined states in each period, as well as thetransition probabilities between states in successive periods.6. Starting at period T, work back to Period 0, identifying the optimal decision andthe expected cash flows at each step. Expected cash flows at each step in agiven period should be discounted back when included in the previous period.Difficulty: Moderate3. Discuss the ideas that managers should consider to make better supply chainnetwork design decisions under uncertainty.Answer: Managers should consider the following ideas to help them make betternetwork design decisions under uncertainty:1. Combine strategic planning and financial planning during network design. Inmost organizations, financial planning and strategic planning are performedindependently. Strategic planning tries to prepare for future uncertainties butoften without rigorous quantitative analysis, whereas financial planning performsquantitative analysis but assumes a predictable or well-defined future. Decisionmakers should design supply chain networks considering a portfolio of strategicoptions—the option to wait, build excess capacity, build flexible capacity, signlong-term contracts, purchase from the spot market, and so forth. The variousoptions should be evaluated in the context of future uncertainty.2. Use multiple metrics to evaluate supply chain networks. As one metric canonly give part of the picture, it is beneficial to examine network design decisionsusing multiple metrics such as firm profits, supply chain profits, customer servicelevels, and response times. Often, different metrics will recommend differentdecisions and by using multiple metrics, the differences between the strategicchoices will become clearer. The best decisions can be made when a multitudeof metrics are available, because each metric enhances the overall view of thealternatives being considered.3. Use financial analysis as an input to decision making, not as the decision-making process. Financial analysis is a great tool in the decision-making process, as it often produces an answer and an abundance of quantitative data to back up that answer. However appealing this may be, management should not rely solely on financial analysis to make decisions. Use of this analysis as a large part of the decision-making process is fine, but other inputs into the decision process thatare difficult to quantify should be included in the analysis as well. Financialmethodologies alone do not provide a complete picture of the alternatives. These impacts should be considered in addition to the raw financial analysis. In the final analysis, management must use other inputs beyond financial analysis in thedecision-making process to get the most complete view of the alternativespossible.4. Use estimates along with sensitivity analysis. Many of the inputs into financialanalysis can be difficult, if not impossible, to nail down in a very accurate fashion.This can cause financial analysis to be a long and drawn out process. One of the best ways to speed the process along and arrive at a good decision is to useestimates of inputs when it appears that finding a very accurate input would takean inordinate amount of time. Using estimates is fine when the estimates arebacked up by sensitivity analysis. By performing sensitivity analysis on the input’s。

供应链管理(第三版)章节练习题题库及答案

供应链管理（第三版）章节练习题题库及答案第一章供应链认知（一）判断题（1）供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且还是一条增值链。

（T ）（2）传统管理模式是以规模化需求和区域性的卖方市场为决策背景，通过规模效应降低成本，获得效益。

（ F ）（3）供应链管理这一名词最早出现于20世纪80年代，最初是由咨询业提出的。

（T ）（4）让最终顾客更满意是供应链全体成员的共同目标,顾客满意的实质是顾客获得超出他们承担的产品价格以上的那部分“价值”。

（T ）（5）供应链管理是以同步化、集成化生产计划为指导，以各种信息技术为支持，尤其以Internet/Intranet为依托。

（T ）（6）供应链管理整体成本最小化意味着每个节点企业的成本都是最小。

（ F ）（7）从成本方面来看，供应链管理是通过注重产品最终成本来优化供应链的。

（T ）（8）由于供应链节点企业有一个共同的追求目标，所以它们之间不再有竞争性。

（F ）（9）供应链管理中的“零库存”就是指节点企业的库存为零。

（ F ）（10）从系统的观点出发，改进服务、缩短时间、提高品质与减少库存、降低成本是可以兼得的。

（T ）二、单选题1、供应链是（C）结构。

A、直链B、支链C、网链D、环状2、供应链节点企业之间是一种（A ）关系。

A、需求与供应B、支配C、平等D、利益3、供应链管理因企业战略和适应市场需求变化的需要，链上节点企业需要动态地更新，这就使得供应链具有明显的（B ）。

A、复杂性B、动态性C、交叉性D、灵活性4、从20世纪80年代初到20世纪90年代初供应链管理处于（A ）。

A、初级阶段B、发展阶段C、成熟阶段D、建设阶段5、按照道格拉斯·兰伯特的思想，企业主动召回有问题的已售商品，属于供应链业务流程的（ B ）程序？A、订单配送B、反向物流（回流）C、需求管理D、制造流程管理三、多选题1、传统“纵向一体化”管理模式存在的弊端有（ABCD ）。