极地船舶指南
solas公约第xiv章极地航行船舶安全措施
solas公约第xiv章极地航行船舶安全措施
SOLAS公约第XIV章是关于极地航行船舶安全措施的规定。
该章节的目的是确保极地地区航行的船舶和船员的安全，并减少对环境的影响。
根据该章节，极地航行船舶需要满足特定的安全要求，包括：
1. 船舶设计和建造：船舶必须按照极地航行条件进行设计和建造，并具备足够的结构强度、稳性和冰防御能力。
2. 船舶操作：船舶需要有足够的船员和操作人员，他们需要接受相应的培训并熟悉极地航行的操作规程。
船舶还需要配备必要的导航和通信设备。
3. 航行计划和风险评估：船舶必须制定详细的航行计划，并进行风险评估，考虑因素包括冰情、气象条件、导航危险等。
4. 救生和应急设备：船舶需要配备足够的救生设备，如救生艇、救生筏、救生衣等，并且必须进行定期检查和维护。
5. 油污防治措施：船舶需要有适当的油污防治措施，包括油污预防计划、应急油污处置设备等。
船舶还需要遵守极地航行区域的油污防治规定。
6. 岸上设施和支持：船舶在极地航行期间，需要有足够的岸上设施和支持，以便在紧急情况下提供必要的援助和支持。
总之，SOLAS公约第XIV章关于极地航行船舶安全措施的规
定旨在确保极地航行船舶和船员的安全，并减少对环境的影响。
这些规定包括船舶的设计和建造、船舶操作、航行计划和风险评估、救生和应急设备、油污防治措施以及岸上设施和支持等方面。
极地渔船指南英文版pdf(3篇)
第1篇IntroductionThis guide is designed to provide essential information for those interested in Arctic fishing vessels. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced fisherman, this guide will help you understand the unique challenges and opportunities that come with fishing in the Arctic region. We will cover topics such as vessel types, safety, regulations, and fishing techniques.I. Vessel Types1.1 Arctic TugboatsArctic tugboats are designed to operate in challenging ice conditionsand are often used for towing larger vessels through ice-covered waters. They are equipped with ice-breaking capabilities and can operate in temperatures as low as -50 degrees Celsius.1.2 Arctic Research VesselsArctic research vessels are used for scientific research and exploration in the Arctic region. They are equipped with advanced laboratories, research equipment, and navigation systems to support scientific investigations.1.3 Commercial Fishing VesselsCommercial fishing vessels are designed for catching fish and other marine life in the Arctic region. They come in various sizes and types, ranging from small, inshore boats to large, offshore vessels.II. Safety2.1 Cold Weather SafetyFishing in the Arctic requires special attention to cold weather safety. It is crucial to dress warmly, wear insulated clothing, and protect your extremities (hands and feet) from frostbite. Additionally, always carrya survival kit, including a life jacket, flares, and a satellite phone.2.2 Iceberg AwarenessIcebergs are a common hazard in the Arctic region. It is essential to stay informed about iceberg locations and maintain a safe distance from them. Use ice charts and consult with local experts to avoid potential collisions.2.3 Navigation and CommunicationAlways carry a reliable navigation system, such as a GPS, and stay in contact with shore-based authorities or other vessels. In case of an emergency, have a satellite phone or VHF radio on board.III. Regulations3.1 Fishing Licenses and PermitsTo fish in the Arctic, you must obtain the necessary licenses and permits. These may vary depending on the country or region, so it is essential to research and comply with local regulations.3.2 Conservation MeasuresThe Arctic region is home to numerous species of fish and marine life.It is crucial to adhere to conservation measures and fishing quotas to ensure sustainable fishing practices.IV. Fishing Techniques4.1 TrollingTrolling is a popular fishing technique in the Arctic region. It involves dragging a lure or bait behind a moving vessel to attract fish. Trolling can be done in various depths and speeds, depending on the target species.4.2 LongliningLonglining is another common fishing method in the Arctic. It involves setting out a long line with numerous hooks and baited hooks, which are left to drift with the current. This method is often used for catching large quantities of fish.4.3 NettingNetting is a traditional fishing method used in the Arctic region. It involves setting out a net, which is then retrieved to collect fish. This method is suitable for catching a variety of fish species,including cod and halibut.V. ConclusionFishing in the Arctic is a unique and challenging endeavor that requires careful planning and preparation. By understanding the vessel types, safety measures, regulations, and fishing techniques, you can increase your chances of a successful and safe fishing trip. Always prioritize safety and conservation to ensure the sustainability of the Arctic marine ecosystem.Download this guide as a PDF to have it readily available for yourArctic fishing adventures. Safe travels and happy fishing!第2篇Introduction:This guide provides comprehensive information on polar fishing vessels, covering various aspects such as vessel design, fishing techniques, safety measures, and regulations. Whether you are a seasoned fisherman or a beginner, this guide will equip you with the necessary knowledge to embark on a successful polar fishing adventure.1. Vessel Design and Specifications1.1 General DescriptionPolar fishing vessels are specifically designed to operate in harsh polar environments, where extreme weather conditions and ice-covered waters are common. These vessels are built with sturdy materials and equipped with advanced technologies to ensure safe and efficient operations.1.2 Hull DesignThe hull design of polar fishing vessels is crucial for withstanding the heavy ice loads and extreme weather conditions. These vessels typically feature a reinforced steel hull with a double bottom to provide added protection against ice pressure and collisions.1.3 Propulsion SystemPolar fishing vessels are powered by robust engines capable of generating high horsepower to navigate through challenging ice conditions. The propulsion system may include multiple engines for redundancy and improved maneuverability.1.4 Icebreaker CapabilitiesMany polar fishing vessels are equipped with icebreaker capabilities, allowing them to break through thick ice formations. This feature is particularly important during the ice-covered months when access to fishing grounds is limited.2. Fishing Techniques2.1 TrollingTrolling is a popular fishing technique used in polar regions. It involves dragging a lure or bait behind the vessel at a controlled speed to attract fish. Trolling can be done using various tackle and baits, depending on the target species.2.2 Bottom FishingBottom fishing is another common technique used in polar regions. It involves lowering heavy tackle to the bottom of the sea floor to catch fish that reside there. This technique is often used for species such as cod, haddock, and halibut.2.3 LongliningLonglining is a method of fishing where a series of hooks are attached to a main line, which is then anchored to the sea floor. The main line can be several kilometers long, with numerous branches and hooks alongits length. This technique is commonly used for catching species like salmon and tuna.3. Safety Measures3.1 Weather MonitoringAccurate weather forecasting is crucial for polar fishing operations. Vessels are equipped with advanced weather monitoring systems to provide real-time updates on weather conditions, enabling safe navigation and fishing activities.3.2 Ice NavigationNavigating through ice-covered waters requires specialized knowledge and skills. Polar fishing vessels are equipped with ice navigation systems, including ice charts and ice-breaking capabilities, to ensure safe passage.3.3 Emergency PreparednessAll polar fishing vessels must adhere to strict emergency preparedness protocols. This includes having adequate life-saving equipment, such as life rafts, life jackets, and emergency communication systems. Regular training sessions are conducted to ensure crew members are prepared for emergencies.4. Regulations and Compliance4.1 Fishing Licenses and PermitsBefore embarking on a polar fishing adventure, it is essential to obtain the necessary fishing licenses and permits. These regulations vary by region and species, so it is important to research and comply with local laws.4.2 Environmental ProtectionPolar regions are particularly vulnerable to human impact. Polar fishing vessels must adhere to strict environmental regulations to minimizetheir ecological footprint. This includes proper waste management, fuel consumption control, and respecting marine protected areas.5. ConclusionPolar fishing vessels are specialized vessels designed to operate in challenging polar environments. Understanding vessel design, fishing techniques, safety measures, and regulations is crucial for a successful polar fishing adventure. By following this guide, you will be well-prepared to embark on your journey and enjoy the abundant resources offered by the polar regions.Note: This guide is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional advice. Always consult with experts and adhere to local regulations and guidelines when planning a polar fishing expedition.第3篇Introduction:The polar regions, with their harsh climate and unique ecosystem, present a challenging yet rewarding environment for fishing. This guide provides essential information for those interested in venturing into the polar waters, covering topics from vessel selection and preparation to safety measures and sustainable fishing practices. Whether you are a seasoned fisherman or a beginner, this guide aims to equip you with the knowledge needed to embark on a successful polar fishing expedition.1. Vessel Selection and Preparation1.1 Types of Polar Fishing VesselsWhen choosing a polar fishing vessel, it is crucial to consider the specific requirements of polar regions. Here are some common types of polar fishing vessels:a. Icebreakers: These vessels are designed to break through ice, allowing access to fishing grounds in the polar regions. They come in various sizes, from small tugs to large cargo ships.b. Trawler: Trawlers are used for bottom fishing and are suitable for both coastal and offshore fishing. They can be equipped with different trawling systems, such as beam trawls, otter trawls, or bottom trawls.c. Longline vessels: These vessels are designed for longline fishing, which involves setting out a long line with hooks at regular intervals. They are commonly used for catching tuna, cod, and other deep-sea species.d. Gillnetters: Gillnetters use a series of interconnected nets to catch fish. They are suitable for catching fish in shallow waters and are often used for commercial fishing operations.1.2 Vessel Selection CriteriaWhen selecting a polar fishing vessel, consider the following factors:a. Icebreaking capability: Ensure the vessel is capable of breaking through the ice thickness you expect to encounter.b. Size and capacity: Choose a vessel that can accommodate your crew, equipment, and catch comfortably.c. Stability and maneuverability: A stable vessel with good maneuverability is essential for safe navigation in polar waters.d. Equipment and technology: Ensure the vessel is equipped with the necessary fishing gear, navigation systems, and communication equipment.1.3 Preparing the Vessel for Polar OperationsTo prepare your polar fishing vessel, follow these steps:a. Ice strengthening: Consult with a naval architect to ensure your vessel is ice-strengthened according to international standards.b. Equipment maintenance: Check and service all fishing gear, navigation systems, and communication equipment.c. Safety equipment: Ensure you have the required safety equipment, such as life rafts, life jackets, and emergency beacons.d. Fuel and provisions: Stock up on fuel, food, and other necessary supplies for the duration of your expedition.2. Safety MeasuresSafety is of paramount importance when operating in polar regions. Here are some key safety measures to consider:2.1 Navigation and Communicationa. Chart and GPS: Use up-to-date nautical charts and GPS systems to navigate polar waters.b. Communication: Ensure you have a reliable communication system, such as satellite phones or radio, to maintain contact with the shore or other vessels.2.2 Ice Navigationa. Ice thickness: Monitor the ice thickness and follow the guidelines for safe navigation in polar waters.b. Ice conditions: Be aware of icebergs, ice floes, and other hazards that can pose risks to your vessel.2.3 Crew Training and Certificationa. Training: Ensure all crew members are trained in polar navigation, safety procedures, and emergency response.b. Certification: Obtain the necessary certifications, such as ice navigation and safety courses, for your crew.3. Sustainable Fishing PracticesSustainable fishing is essential to ensure the long-term viability of polar fish stocks. Here are some guidelines for sustainable fishing practices:3.1 Catch Limits and Quotasa. Compliance: Stay within the established catch limits and quotas for each fish species.b. Monitoring: Regularly monitor your catch to ensure compliance with regulations.3.2 Selective Fishing Geara. Minimize bycatch: Use selective fishing gear that minimizes bycatch of non-target species.b. Avoid vulnerable species: Refrain from targeting species that are considered vulnerable or endangered.3.3 Data Collection and Researcha. Share data: Share your catch data with research institutions to contribute to the understanding of polar ecosystems.b. Collaborate: Collaborate with other fishermen and scientists to promote sustainable fishing practices.Conclusion:Embarking on a polar fishing expedition requires careful planning, proper vessel selection, and adherence to safety and sustainable fishing practices. By following this guide, you will be well-prepared to face the challenges and rewards of polar fishing. Remember that safety, sustainability, and respect for the environment are key factors for a successful and ethical polar fishing venture.。
国际极地水域营运船舶规则极地规则
效时有效；
4
还提请各缔约国政府考虑对《极地规则》未包括的在极地水域运作的船舶尽实际可行
地自愿应用《极地规则》；
5
要求本组织秘书长为公约第 VIII(b)(v)条的目的，将本决议及附件中《极地规则》文本
的核证无误副本分发给所有本公约缔约国政府；
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第 6 章–机械设备 .……………………………….……………………………………… 18
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MSC 94/21/Add.1 Annex 6, page 4
6.1 目标 .……………..…….………………….……………………………………….. 18 6.2 功能要求 .………………………………….……………………………………….. 18 6.3 规则 .………..…………………………….……………………………………….. 18
第 2 章–极地水域运作手册（极地水域运作手册） .…………………………………. 13
2.1 目标 .…………………………….……..….……………………………………….. 13 2.2 功能要求 .……………………………….………………………………………….. 13 2.3 规则 .……………………………………………………………………………….. 14
I–A 部分 – 安全措施 .…………………………..…………………………………….. 11
第 1 章–通则 .…………………….…………….……………………………………….. 11
1.1 本部分结构 .……………………………….……………………………………….. 11 1.2 定义 .……………………………………….……………………………………….. 11 1.3 证书和检验 .……………………………….……………………………………….. 12 1.4 性能标准 .………………………………….……………………………………….. 13 1.5 操作评估 .………………………………….……………………………………….. 13
E10极地航行船舶相关要求
E10 极地航行船舶相关要求10.1 SOLAS第XIV章---极地水域营运船舶的安全措施：.1于2017年1月1日生效；.2 2017年1月1日以前建造的船舶应在2018年1月1日后的第一次中间或换证检验之前（以较早者为准）满足极地规则的相关要求。
10.2 适用范围在极地水域营运并按SOLAS公约第I章发证的船舶10.3 证书：.1 持《极地船舶证书》；.2 符合极地规则PII‐A 部分要求的IOPP 证书；.3入级证书，授予冰级和/或防寒附加标志。
10.4 10.4.110.4.2 船员培训航行极地水域船舶的船员除按照STCW、SOLAS、MARPOL公约进行培训持证外，还应注意：2010 STCW 公约马尼拉修正案第B-V/g节，船长和高级船员在极地水域操作船舶的培训指南，对在极地水域作业的船长和负责航行与轮机值班的高级船员应进行极地水域相关知识（包括但不限于：冰区船舶操纵训练、极区航行、伤害控制程序、冰情观测和判断、极区生存等）的专项培训作了建议性要求。
极地规则的要求：培训要求，条件是：1）该人员应根据STCW公约第II/2条和STCW规则第A-II/2节具备资质并经过认证，且满足上述表格中的高级培训要求；2）在极地营运中，船舶具有足够数量满足相关极地水域培训要求的人员以覆盖所有值班；3）该人员始终满足主管机关最低休息时间要求；4）在敞开水域或冰山水域外的水域营运时，客船和液货船船长、大副和负责航行值班的高级船员应满足上述表格中适用的基本培训要求；和5）在总冰密集度超过2/10的水域营运时，除液货船以外的货船的船长、大副和负责航行值班的高级船员应满足上述表格中适用的基本培训要求。
.3 使航行值班的高级船员以外的人员满足培训要求并不是减轻船长或航行值班高级船员的对于船舶安全所担负的责任和义务。
.4 应使每位船员熟悉PWOM中包含或提及的与其所分配职责相关的程序和设备。
培训证明拟进入极地水域船舶的所有船员应接受在冰覆盖水域运营所要求的相关知识，和操作技能的培训，并持有经认可的培训证明。
MSC.385(94)极地规则中文
海安会MSC.385(94)决议（2014年11月21日通过）国际极地水域营运船舶规则（极地规则）海上安全委员会，忆及国际海事组织公约第28(b)条关于本委员会的职能，认识到由于对极地营运船舶及其系统和操作的额外要求超出经修正的《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》（SOLAS公约）和其他有约束力的相关IMO文件的现有要求，因而有必要为这些船舶规定一个强制性框架，注意到MSC.386(94)决议通过的公约新的第XIV章，还注意到海上环境保护委员会在其第67届会议上，批准在其第68届会议上通过《国际极地水域营运船舶规则》（极地规则）的引言（因其与环境保护相关），以及II-A和II-B部分，并还将审议通过《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》的相关修正案，在其第94届会议上审议了《国际极地水域营运船舶规则》草案，1. 通过极地规则引言与安全相关的规定，以及I-A和I-B部分全文，其文本载于本决议附件；2. 同意有关安全和环境保护的极地规则引言修正案应与海上环境保护委员会协商通过；3.提请本公约缔约国政府注意，极地规则将于2017年1月1日公约新的第XIV章生效后生效；4. 还提请各缔约国政府考虑对极地规则未包括的在极地水域营运的船舶尽可能自愿应用极地规则；5. 要求本组织秘书长按公约第VIII(b)(v)条规定，将核准无误的本决议及其附件中的极地规则文本的副本分发给所有本公约缔约国政府；6. 还要求本组织秘书长将本决议及其附件中的规则文本的副本分发给非SOLAS公约缔约国的本组织成员；7. 进一步要求秘书长在海上环境保护委员会通过环境保护相关规定后编制极地规则的综合文本。
国际极地水域营运船舶规则（极地规则）目录引言1 目的2 定义3 危险源4 本规则结构5 南极区域和北极水域图示I-A部分安全措施第1章通则1.1本部分结构1.2定义1.3证书和检验1.4性能标准1.5操作评估第2章极地水域操作手册（PWOM）2.1目的2.2功能要求2.3规定要求第3章船舶结构3.1目的3.2功能要求3.3规定要求第4章分舱和稳性4.1目的4.2功能要求4.3规定要求第5章水密完整性和风雨密完整性5.1目的5.2功能要求5.3规定要求第6章机械设备6.1目的6.2功能要求6.3规定要求第7章消防安全/保护7.1目的7.2功能要求7.3规定要求第8章救生设备与布置8.1目的8.2功能要求8.3规定要求第9章航行安全9.1目的9.2功能要求9.3规定要求第10章通信10.1目的10.2功能要求10.3规定要求第11章航次计划11.1目的11.2功能要求11.3规定要求第12章配员和培训12.1目的12.2功能要求12.3规定要求I-B部分与引言和I-A部分规定有关的补充导则1 引言第2部分（定义）补充导则2 第1章(通则)补充导则3 第2章（极地水域操作手册(PWOM)）补充导则3.1 极地水域操作手册内容的建议案3.2 破冰船协助下的航行导则3.3 应急计划制定导则4 第3章(船舶结构)补充导则5 第4章(分舱和稳性)补充导则6 第5章（水密完整性和风雨密完整性）补充导则7 第6章（机械设备）补充导则8 第7章(消防安全/保护)补充导则9 第8章(救生设备与布置)补充导则9.1 个人救生属具示例9.2 群体救生属具示例10 第9章(航行安全)补充导则11 第10章(通信)补充导则12 第11章(航次计划)补充导则II-A部分防污染措施第1章防止油类污染1.1操作要求1.2结构要求第2章控制散装有毒液体物质污染2.1操作要求第3章防止海运包装有害物质污染第4章防止船舶生活污水污染4.1定义4.2操作要求第5章防止船舶垃圾污染5.1定义5.2操作要求II-B部分II-A部分补充导则1第1章补充导则MSC 94/21/Add.1 2第2章补充导则3第5章补充导则4其他环境公约和指南补充导则1为增强船舶操作的安全性并减少对偏远、脆弱和潜在恶劣的极地水域的人和环境的影响，特制定《国际极地水域营运船舶规则》作为现有IMO文件的补充。
极地冰区船舶的船型及法规要求分析
极地冰区船舶的船型及法规要求分析聂鑫摘要国际上对海洋冰区的研究早已展开，冰区船舶的设计和建造技术也基本成熟而目前我国对于冰区船舶的研宄无论是从理论还是从工程上都尚处于起步阶段。
随着北极航线的开辟，极地航行油轮的需求增大，但是极地航行油轮的设计面临着诸多的挑战，极地航行油轮既要满足自身功能的要求同时由于北极特殊的地理环境，极地航行油轮需要满足相关的国际公约，通过开展极地航行环境分析，对极地航行油船的主尺度的确定、总布置设计、结构强度设计、以及推进系统和动力匹配、耐低温系统等设计技术进行了研究和分析。
通过对相关极地区域的规范和国际公约进行研究，同时结合极地特殊的环境特点以及海峡的特殊情况，分析了极地航行船舶的主尺度以及船型特点。
冰区资源价值及冰区船舶的研究意义极地资源的开发和航道的利用如今己经成为人们对极地冰区研宄的热门话题。
由于极地冰雪覆盖，所以无论是资源开发、科学考察还是航道利用，都离不开适于在冰区航行的船舶。
不仅是极地冰区，非极地冰区的资源开发及航道利用同样对于中国这样的中高祎度国家有着重要意义。
鉴于冰区重要的战略与经济价值，我国虽不属于极地国家，但基于科学考察、油气开采、渔业捕搜、航道利用等需要，对冰载荷以及冰区船舶设计的研宄依然卓有价值。
一、船型参数对极地船舶阻力性能影响分析船型主尺度及船型参数对船舶性能影响极大，极地船舶的船宽、首柱倾角，首部外飘角等参数对冰区航行性能影响巨大，对静水阻力性能的影响尚不清楚。
本文选取船宽、首柱倾角，首部外飘角三个关键船型参数为研究对象，采用ＣＦＤ方法计算并分析不同船型参数值对静水阻力性能的影响，同时结合极地船舶的冰阻力经验公式和冰区性能要求对船型参数的合理取值给出建议。
3 ． 1 船宽自破冰型极地船舶船宽直接关系到破冰后的碎冰道宽度，同时会影响到船舶所需要的主机功率。
选取本文前面提及的某极地船舶为研究对象，变换其宽度值分别至 4 2 ｍ、 4 0 ｍ、 3 8 ｍ、 3 6 ｍ方案，并计算各方案在相同吃水（ 1 5 ｍ）、相同航速下（Ｆｎ＝0 ． 1 5 ）的模型静水阻力，结果见如表 3 。
CCS发布《极地船舶指南》
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氢气释放量＝０．２５（ｍ１）ｘ１ｘ５０（Ａｈ）ｘ９６＝１ ２００ ｍｌ／ｄ，
Ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ［Ｓ］．２０１４．
或 １．２ ｖｄ。而充电功率为 ０．２ ｋＷ 的铅酸蓄 也＝＝２ｏ０ ［６］中国船级｝土．钢羼 锄合入级规范【ｓ】．２０１４．
Ｉ学术交流 ·其他
Ｊ Ａｃａｄｅｍ ｉｃ Ｉ ｓｅａｒｃｈ
或密封型铅酸蓄电池 ，与传统的铅酸型蓄电池相比， 进行隔离布置 。
这两者都属于低氢释放型蓄电池 ，即在使用过程中
可以免维护，不用添加电解液，充电过程中只会产 ５ 结论
生极 ！＞量的氢气到环境中，不会影响到其他电气设
本文通过对 ＤＰ３钻井船 ＵＰＳ系统的研究分析 ，
或中型 （充电功率在 ０．２ｋｗ￣２ｋＷ 之间 ）的蓄电池 算和 ＵＰ Ｓ蓄电池氢气释放量计算 ，对 ＤＰ３钻井船
可作为中型或小型蓄电池的要求进行布置和安装＿４］。 的 Ｕ Ｐ Ｓ系统设计做了全面剖析和设计说明 ，为同类
氢气释放量计算依据是以充电功率 ０．２ ｋＷ 的 型海洋工程项 目Ｕ Ｐ Ｓ系统设计提供了参考依据。
４．１ 氢气释放量计算公式
［２］ＩＭＣＡ Ｍ１ ７８ ＦＭＥＡ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ Ｇｔｆ ｉｄｅ［Ｓ］．２００５．
氢气释放量＝０．２５（ｍ１）ｘ天Ｘ蓄电池容量（Ａｈ）ｘ蓄 ［３］ＩＥＥＥ Ｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄｅｄ Ｐｒａｃｔ ｉｃｅ ｆｏｒ Ｓｉｚｍｇ Ｌｅａｄ－Ａｃｉｄ
电池总数量
Ｂａｋｅｒ ｉｅｓ ｆｏｒ ＳｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｙＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ［Ｓ］．２００３．
备或人员的安全 。
船舶极地操作手册
船舶极地操作手册一、引言在极地地区，船舶操作面临着极端环境的挑战。
为了确保船舶安全、保护环境以及提高操作效率，船舶极地操作手册扮演着重要的角色。
本文将详细介绍船舶极地操作手册的重要性、内容和编写要点。
二、船舶极地操作手册的重要性船舶极地操作手册是一本基于船舶特点和极地环境的指南。
它对于确保船舶操作人员了解和遵守相关规定、安全操作和应急措施至关重要。
2.1 安全性极地地区的船舶操作涉及到极端气候、冰潜水等风险。
船舶极地操作手册提供了操作人员需要了解的安全操作流程、防范措施和迎接突发状况时的紧急应对措施。
2.2 环境保护极地地区的生态系统十分脆弱。
船舶操作应该尽可能减少对环境造成的损害。
船舶极地操作手册包括了对燃料使用、废水和废弃物处理、动物保护等相关的准则和要求，以确保船舶操作在最小程度上对环境造成影响。
2.3 提高操作效率极地地区的特殊环境意味着操作人员需要特殊的技能和知识。
船舶极地操作手册提供了操作人员所需的操作流程、装备使用指南以及技术要求，以帮助提高操作效率并保证任务的顺利进行。
三、船舶极地操作手册的内容船舶极地操作手册应该包含以下内容：3.1. 极地环境概述这一部分应该对极地地区的气候、海况、冰情等环境特点进行概述。
操作人员需要了解操作环境的特点和挑战，以制定相应的措施。
3.2. 船舶装备和技术要求针对极地环境的要求，列出船舶所需的特殊装备和技术要求。
包括但不限于冰船级别、船体加固、通信设备、导航设备等。
3.3. 安全操作规程详细介绍船舶在极地环境下的安全操作流程和规定。
涵盖航行、锚泊、装卸货、进出冰区等操作环节，以及相应的风险评估和预防措施。
3.4. 应急措施和救援紧急状况下的应急措施对于保障船舶和船员的安全至关重要。
船舶极地操作手册应该包括应对火灾、漏油、碰撞等突发事件的应急措施，并列出救援机构和沿海救援资源。
3.5. 环境保护准则船舶在极地地区需要严格遵守环境保护准则，包括减少排放、垃圾处理、动物保护等。
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中 中国船级社 社 20 016 年 3 月
引
言
极地地区包括南极和北极是地球最寒冷区域，因常年冰雪覆盖、气候恶劣而沉寂。近 20 年来，随着全球气候变暖，北极海冰加速融化，海冰覆盖范围逐渐缩小，夏季出现可常 规通航开敞水域，因北极航道比传统的亚欧和亚美航线缩短 40%航程，其航运利益引人注 目。另一方面，北极地区蕴含着丰富油气和矿产资源，其中探明的油储量占世界储量 13%， 天然气储量占世界储量 30%，北极正迎来自然资源开发的时代。在南极地区，由于地理位 置和法律上完全不同于北极地区，在南极条约保护下，尽管除南极科考目的外，尚无商业航 运前景，但南极观光活动每年以 10％～15％速度上升。进入 21 世纪，极地地区吸引着国际 社会的目光，寻求参与北极未来开发的机遇，促进北极航运预期增长。 极地水域地理位置独特， 环境条件特殊， 船舶在极地水域航行时， 因冰和/或寒冷气候， 以及其他不可低估的条件，存在附加风险。航行危险不仅是“船-冰”碰撞影响船体结构强 度，而且是寒冷气候可能导致船舶稳性减弱、引起管路冰冻、航行设备失效和船员执行力下 降，所有这些降低船舶的安全。 为尽最大努力减少和消除极地水域重大人命安全和环境破坏事件的发生实现安全、 可持 续的极地（北极）航运发展，国际海事组织（IMO）颁布了《国际极地水域操作船舶规则》 ， 并分别通过 《国际海上人命安全公约》 （SOLAS） 新增的第 XIV 章 “极地航行船舶安全措施” 和《防止船舶造成污染公约》 （MAR17 年 1 月 1 日实施，适用于所有极地水域操作的客船和 500 总吨及以上船舶（以下简称“极地船舶” ） 。 极地规则主要目的是保护极地地区脆 弱的生态环境，尽最大可能免受日益增长 的极地航运活动的影响，以降事故促环保 为原则，采用风险方法，针对极地水域特 殊风险，提供了覆盖极地船舶构造、设备、 操作、培训、搜救、环保等所有方面的目 标和功能要求，以补充现有 IMO 公约规则 要求。所有北极地区港口的船舶、穿越北 极航行的船舶、以及在南极区域航行的船 舶将受极地规则约束。 CCS 已颁布了船舶冰区加强和船舶防寒 的规范要求，构成完整的船舶规范体系，但 具体船舶设计方案和操作程序要求则取决于 船东的实际需求。极地船舶存在极地水域冬 季严寒季节航行、偶尔在寒冷环境航行、以 及极地水域夏季航行等不同操作模式，其设 计需要基于经济方法予以评审确定。本指南 旨在为实施 CCS 冰级规范和防寒规范、IMO 《国际极地水域操作船舶规则》提供技术指 导。 北极水域区域 南极地理区域
第 2 章 检验与发证....................................................................................................................... 14 第 1 节 一般规定................................................................................................................... 14 第 2 节 检验发证程序 ........................................................................................................... 26 第 3 节 操作评估................................................................................................................... 30 第 4 节 证书和文件............................................................................................................... 34 第 5 节 等效冰级评估 ........................................................................................................... 36 第 3 章 船体结构与设备............................................................................................................... 38 第 1 节 材料和涂层............................................................................................................... 38 第 2 节 结构与布置............................................................................................................... 39 第 3 节 舵设备和船体附件 ................................................................................................... 44 第 4 章 船舶稳性........................................................................................................................... 48 第 1 节 完整稳性................................................................................................................... 48 第 2 节 破损稳性................................................................................................................... 48 第 5 章 机电设备........................................................................................................................... 50 第 1 节 主推进装置............................................................................................................... 50 第 2 节 操舵装置................................................................................................................... 56 第 3 节 甲板设备................................................................................................................... 56 第 4 节 电气设备................................................................................................................... 57 第 5 节 其他辅助设备 ........................................................................................................... 58 第 6 章 安全设备........................................................................................................................... 60 第 1 节 消防安全系统 ........................................................................................................... 60 第 2 节 救生设备................................................................................................................... 61 第 3 节 航行设备................................................................................................................... 64 第 4 节 通信设备................................................................................................................... 66 第 7 章 极地水域操作................................................................................................................... 67 第 1 节 基本要求................................................................................................................... 67 第 2 节 操作能力和限制 ....................................................................................................... 67 第 3 节 极地船舶操作 ........................................................................................................... 74 第 4 节 风险管理................................................................................................................... 78 第 5 节 防污染操作............................................................................................................... 82 第 6 节 操作培训................................................................................................................... 84 附录 1 冰级对照............................................................................................................................ 86 附录 2 POLARIS ............................................................................................................................ 87 附录 3 极地水域操作船舶证书格式 ............................................................................................ 92 附录 4 冰池试验............................................................................................................................ 99