高中英语语法讲义——定语从句

高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句概念1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。

a cute girl , the pen on the desk .The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular.2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子.The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人)4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which.I, who am 48, teach you English.5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。

6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。

既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明（不用that）。

You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited.限定性定语从句：在从句中所做成分关系词先行词指人：1，主语who/ that2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/---3, 定语（某人的）+ n whoseI have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan.2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love.3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray.*当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。

不能省略！The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily.---The girl with whom you talked is Lily.在从句中所做成分关系词先行词指物1，主语which/ that2, 宾语which / that / ---3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n .4，状语时间when =介词+ which地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整the reason why = for whichI have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor.2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006.3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south.4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years./ in which we’ve lived for about 11years./ where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整)I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)_(_which / that)_ we spent together (从句缺宾语) *spend/take/last/devote等可加时间做宾语●The reason __why_ he was late （从句完整）is that he was ill ._(which/that)_ he told me (从句缺宾语)非限定性定语从句：1 , 主句SV，关系词+ 从句。

2, S , 关系词+ 从句，V .3, 关系词+ 从句，主句SV.高频考点：1，只用that：先行词为不定代词/ 最高级或序数词修饰/既有人又有物。

2，as 的用法：在限定性定语从句中such/ so / the same +先行词as +定语从句（不完整）●Such/ so ….that + 状语从句（完整）He is such a clever boy _as_ we all like (缺宾语)_that_ we all like him（完整）在非限定性定语从句中，指物一般用which，若从句在后或在中时是被动结构缺主语或有正如…之意用as,从句在主句前必须用as.As is known to us , the earth travels round the sun.3, 数词/ 不定代词+ of which/whom , 介词+ whose+ nMr. Li has collected more than 300 stamps, 32 of which are very precious.I have many students, some of whom come from Tai zhou.There was once a hill , on whose top stood a temple.4, 地点的模糊化，case，situation, activity, atmosphere, phone 等都可以做表地点的先行词，从句完整时都可以用where 引导。

I’ll create a teaching atmosphere _where_ you can feel relaxed.5, one of +复数名词+关系代词+复数形式动词，the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数形式动词。

6，the way +从句/that+从句/ which + 不完整从句/ in which +完整从句7，time （次数）that +完整从句，time（时间）when/ during which +完整从句。

解题方法：1，看限定还是非限定；2，看先行词指人还是指物；3，看从句是否完整/所缺成分.练习1：1.Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.2.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.3.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _____ his employees enjoy theirwork.4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends.5.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _____ shows that more and more people all over theworld want to learn about China.6.It is a truly delightful place, _____ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with itswinding streets and pretty cottages.7.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _____ he should be able tobe independent.8.The books on the desk, _____ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.9.Opposite is St. Paul’s Ch urch, _____ you can hear some lovely music.10.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _____ I went up to rescue a kite that wasstuck in the branches of a tree.11.A company _____ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.12.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _____ we set at the beginning of the year.13.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _____ a goodimpression is a must.14.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it differently.15.Students should involve themselves in community activities _____ they can gain experience forgrowth.16.The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.17.I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings forher.18.Please send us all the information _____ you have about the candidate for the position.19.Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _____ is quite unexpected.20.Among the many dangers _____ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.21.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _____ visitors canwatch the big glasshouses being built.22.Many countries are now setting up national parks _____ animals and plants can be protected.23.We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today’s newspapers.24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _____ are family members.25.Finally he reached a lonely island _____ was completely cut off from the outside world.26.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying.27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _____ lives were affected.28.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _____ he remembers starting asearly as his childhood.29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _____ made one of the Chinesepeople’s long-held dreams come true.30.Happiness and success often come to those _____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.练习2：1.Those motorcycles, _____ a huge umbrella is fixed, are a huge threat to people walking in thestreet.2.-----You see, he seems to have done too badly in practicing playing basketball.-----Yeah, but he _____ makes no mistakes makes nothing, so I think it doesn’t matter.3.In ancient Egypt, green represented hope and spring, _____ is the time of year _____ things innature start to grow after a long winter.4.This is the most serious and worst situation _____ I have ever experienced as a fan of the NBA.5.The other day, my friend John drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerousspeed, _____ surprised everyone in the car.6.Do you still remember the boss in _____ restaurant you worked during the summer holiday?7.-----Where did you lose your bicycle?-----It was in the playground _____ I played basketball.8.What is known to us all is that the old worker, _____ life was hard in the past, still works hard inhis seventies.9.In most cases, college graduates don’t mind what job they will do so long as it is one _____ theycan earn money to support themselves.10.As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time _____ he can spend developing his owninterest.11.At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of _____ is aboutEnglish idioms.12.I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for _____, I must say, I apologize.13.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life _____ they aren’t content with theirparents.14.There are many new central leaders in China now, of _____ many once worked in the westernprovinces.15.He was educated at the local high school, after _____ he went on to Peking University.16.Drive-ins have large parking lots _____ customers are served in their cars by waitresses.17.With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in _____ village she taught 10 years ago,have lived a happy life.18.The result was not the same as they had expected, _____ was rather disappointing.19.Mr. Luke, in _____ supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how tochoose a career this evening.20.Tango is a passionate dance, _____ brings the dancers together in a way that words can’t express.练习3There was a time __1__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason __2__ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, __3__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, __4__ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face-to-face, from __5__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6__ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, __7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8__ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussion. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through __9__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10__ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________8.__________9.__________ 10.__________定语从句参考答案：练习1：1.where 句意：营造一种让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的氛围是极大的挑战。