情态动词+完成时讲解学习
情态动词+完成时
情态动词+完成时(modal verbs + have + past participle)情态动词与动词原型连用,表示对目前或将来情况的瞧法或态度情态动词与完成时连用时,表示对过去情况的瞧法或态度。
1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,实际上就是说话人在表达责备,抱怨或遗憾的意思。
We should have cut away the jungle bush、我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied、我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about it、您本来不应该告诉任何人。
They shouldn’t have left so soon、她们本来不应该去得那么早。
2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,相当于“should + have + 过去分词”You ought to have helped him、您本应该帮她一把。
You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week、上周您就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。
否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg、You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away、您不该把她的伞拿走。
He oug htn’t to have been there、她本不应该到那去。
3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“当时一定;想必已经;当时可能”。
情态动词完成时态的用法
用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义
①You had better have started earlier.
②You had better not havescoldedher.
can…have done
cannot have done
①只用在否定句和疑问句中
1表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑பைடு நூலகம்不肯定
③can换成could时语气委婉
①Where can she have gone?
②Could he have done such a foolish thing?
③The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
may have done
might have done
①表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……”
②一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句
③用might则表示语气更加不肯定
①You may have learnt the news.
②He may not have heard his name called.
②另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气；有时也表劝告
①You should notswimin that sea; you might have been eaten by a shark.
②He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.
情态动词完成时的用法
情态动词完成时的用法1、语法特点：英语中的情态动词既没有人称的变化，也没有数的变化，但有时态的变化。
常见的时态主要有一般式、过去式、进行式和完成式。
其中完成时是较难的一种时态形式，其动作主要表过去的行为，它的结构是“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”，每个情态动词的完成时的含义不同。
例如：1) Last night he must have been out, for the light in his room was not on.昨晚，他一定出去了，因为他房间里没亮灯。
2) You shouldn’t have beatenhim. After all he is a child. 你不应该打他，他毕竟还是个孩子。
3) He may / might have read the book. 他或许读过那本书了。
2、用法归纳：1) must + have done：用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定(已经)……”。
例如：You must have mistake n my intenti on. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
2) can + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。
例如：Hecan’thaveleftsosoon.他不可能走得这么早。
3) could + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”、“本来可以……”、“本来应该……”等。
例如：We could have walkedto the station , for it was so near .我们本来是可以走到车站去的，因为路很近。
4) should[ought to] + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。
掌握并正确使用情态动词与情态副词的完成形式
掌握并正确使用情态动词与情态副词的完成形式情态动词和情态副词在英语语法中起着重要的作用，它们能够表达我们对某事物或某种行为的态度、判断或能力。
在正确使用情态动词和情态副词的同时，了解其完成形式也是至关重要的。
本文将介绍情态动词和情态副词的用法，并详细探讨它们的完成形式。
掌握了这些知识，我们就能够更加准确、流利地表达自己的意思。
一、情态动词的用法及完成形式情态动词用于表示说话人对某事的推测、命令、建议、能力、可能性、义务等。
下面是常见的情态动词及其完成形式：1. Can（能够）- Could（过去能够）- Have been able to（过去能够）- I can speak English fluently.（我能够流利地说英语。
）- He could swim when he was three.（他三岁时就会游泳了。
）- She has been able to solve the problem.（她能够解决这个问题。
）2. May（可能）- Might（过去可能）- Have/has/had been able to（过去能够）- It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。
）- She might have missed the train.（她可能错过了火车。
）- He has been able to find a solution.（他已经能够找到一个解决办法了。
）3. Must（必须）- Had to（过去必须）- Have/has had to（过去必须）- You must study hard to pass the exam.（你必须努力学习才能通过考试。
）- I had to finish the report yesterday.（我昨天必须完成这份报告。
） - She has had to work late these days.（她这些日子必须加班。
英语语法：“情态动词+完成式”的用法
【导语】前⽂中，我们了解到，might, may, could, can, will, would, should, ought to, must等9个情态动词，可以表⽰推测性意义，其后可以接动词的⼀般形式、进⾏体形式和完成体形式。
其实，“情态动词+完成体”除了具有推测性含义，还可以表⽰虚拟意义。
以下内容由整理发布，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！1）must + have done：⽤于肯定句，表⽰推测，意为“⼀定（已经）……”。
You must have finished the work. 你⼀定已经完成⼯作了。
2）can + have done：⽤于否定句或疑问句，表⽰推测，意为“可能（已经）……”。
He can’t have left so soon. 他不可能⾛得这么早。
3）could + have done：可⽤于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表⽰推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”、“本来可以……”、“本来应该……”等。
You could have finished it, but you failed. 你本可以完成，但你失败了。
4）should [ought to] + have done：可⽤于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表⽰责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。
You should have helped me, but you just sat and watched there.你本应该帮我的，但你只是在那坐着看。
5）need + have done：⽤于否定句或疑问句，⽤于否定时意为“本来不必”，⽤于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。
You needn’t have helped me because I could make it.你本没必要帮我的，我⾃⼰可以做到。
6）may + have done：⽤于肯定句或否定句，表⽰推测，意为“可能（已经）……”。
She may have seen this film. 她可能已经看过这部*了。
情态动词＋现在完成式-六级语法
"情态动词＋现在完成式"是⼀种较活跃的语法现象，在各种考试中屡见不鲜。
现将其⽤法归纳如下：I．对过去⾏为发⽣的可能性的推测。
1．"must／may ／might ＋现在完成式"表⽰对过去⾏为是否发⽣的可能性程度不同的肯定推测。
1）"must＋现在完成式"这⼀⽤法是指说话⼈对过去所发⽣的事情的肯定推断，含有逻辑上的必然性。
例如：He must have gone to the clinic．他⼀定是去医务室了。
They started early this morning；they must have arrived by now．他们⼀⼤早就启程了，现在⼀定到了。
2）"may ＋现在完成式"表⽰从现在看来过去可能发⽣某事。
可译为"曾经"、"⼀度"、"也许"等。
例如：He may have missed the train．他可能没有赶上⽕车。
3）"might ＋现在完成式"表⽰"可能、也许、已经"，但事实上并未如此。
例如：I might have come to a wrong conclusion．我可能得出了错误的结论。
2．表⽰对过去⾏为可能性的否定推测。
1）"could ／can not＋现在完成式"表⽰以现在的眼光看来，过去不可能发⽣的事。
可译为"不可能或不⾄于"。
例如：They couldn't have left so soon．他们不可能那么早就⾛了。
They can't have missed the way．（They've been to the zoo before．）他们不可能迷路。
（暗含他们以前去过动物园。
）I can't have seen him．我不可能见过他。
现在完成时与情态动词
教学内容一、现在完成时的构成：1. 现在完成时由助动词"have/has+动词的过去分词"构成。
若主语为三人称单数，则用"has+过去分词”；若主语为非单三，则用"have+过去分词”。
have, has在名词或代词后的缩写为"'ve"和"'s"。
如：I have=I've, she has=she's; have not 和has not的缩写形式分别是have n't, has n't。
2. 现以动词wait为例，列表说明现在完成时的构成。
二、现在完成时的用法：（1）表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在。
常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
Twenty people have already left.二十人已经离职。
He has not come yet.他还没有来。
They've just arrived.他们刚刚到达。
（2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。
常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了三年了。
I have bee n here si nee 1976.自从1976 年我就一直在这里。
三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时都表示”动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实, 不表示和现在的关系。
He has lear ned French for three years .他学法语已三年了。
He lear ned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I cou nd't find it. 谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间。
情态动词知识点
情态动词知识点情态动词（Modal Verbs）是英语中的一类特殊动词，用于表示说话人的态度、观点、意愿、能力、推测等。
了解和正确使用情态动词对学习英语语法和提高语言表达能力非常重要。
本文将介绍情态动词的基本知识点，包括定义、用法及常见情态动词的具体用法和表示的含义。
一、情态动词的定义和用法情态动词是一类特殊的助动词，常用的情态动词有can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would等。
情态动词有以下几个特点：1. 情态动词本身没有词义，不能单独用作谓语，后面需加动词原形来构成句子。
2. 情态动词本身没有人称和数的变化。
3. 情态动词没有时态的变化，表示的是一种情态或态度，并不表示动作的时间或进行的状态。
情态动词主要用于以下几个方面的功能：1. 表示能力和可能性：can、could、may、might、must；2. 表示推测和可能性：may、might、could；3. 表示意愿和请求：will、would、shall、should；4. 表示命令和建议：shall、should、will、would；5. 表示义务和必要性：must、should。
二、常见情态动词的具体用法和含义1. can/could:- 表示能力、技能：I can speak English fluently.- 表示允许：Can I use your computer?- 表示请求：Could you please help me carry this bag?- 表示推测：He could be at home.2. may/might:- 表示允许、请求、建议：May I come in? Might I suggest a different approach?- 表示推测、可能性：She may be busy. It might rain later.- 用于虚拟语气：If I had more time, I might go on vacation.3. must:- 表示必须、肯定：You must follow the rules.- 表示推测、非常有可能：He must be tired.- 表示责任、命令：You must finish the report by tomorrow.4. shall/should:- 表示建议、意愿、命令：Shall we go for a walk? You should see a doctor.- 表示期望、推测：The train should arrive soon.5. will/would:- 表示意愿、决心：I will help you with the project.- 表示请求、邀请：Would you like to join us for dinner?- 表示推测、意愿、假设：She would probably be upset if you didn't go.三、注意事项1. 情态动词后面的动词原形不带to。
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情态动词+完成时情态动词+完成时（modal verbs + have + past participle）情态动词和动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度情态动词和完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的看法或态度。
1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，实际上是说话人在表达责备，抱怨或遗憾的意思。
We should have cut away the jungle bush.我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.你本来不应该告诉任何人。
They shouldn’t have left so soon.他们本来不应该去得那么早。
2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，相当于“should + ha ve +过去分词”You ought to have helped him.你本应该帮他一把。
You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week.上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。
否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away.你不该把他的伞拿走。
He oughtn’t to have been there.他本不应该到那去。
3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，译成“当时一定；想必已经；当时可能”。
What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher.对这位年轻教师来说，教我这样的学生当时一定是个巨大的挑战。
Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.因为沟里涨满了水，昨晚一定下过雨了。
表示对过去情况的否定推测时。
要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”，一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。
Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.乔不可能离开了，刚才我还看见他了。
The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。
“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时，反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语（before 除外）反意疑问句用did.He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?他准把作业做完了。
对吗？He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?他昨晚上肯定参加会议了，是吗？4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑问句In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medicaltechnique.作为报答，我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。
Might he have been caught and killed?他有可能被抓住杀掉了吗？might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测，有“本应该┅”，含有婉转责备的意思。
You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.我对你讲话时，你应该认真听才对。
You might have let me know before you went out.外出之前，你本应该先告诉我一声。
5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。
“can + have + 过去分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。
Can he have gone yesterday?难道他昨天就已经走了吗？They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, b ecause I drew a map to them.他们不可能在森林中迷路，因为我给他们画了一张画。
Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.本周末贝尔不可能回家，今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。
Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday.玛丽不可能去上学，今天是星期天。
在表示对过去某事的推测时，可用could/ might / may + 完成时。
They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。
6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了。
有责备的意思。
否定形式表示“做了本不应该做”的事You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.你没有必要这么早就叫醒我，（因为）今天是星期天。
You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本来不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。
You needn' t have told him the news; he knew it already.你不必再告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。
You needn't have walked up; you could have taken the lift.你没必要走着上去；你本来可以乘电梯。
didn't need to do（=I didn't have to）的“本沒有必要做也沒有做”I didn't need to go to the bank. I borrowed some money fromMary.我不必去银行--我找玛丽借了点儿钱.翻译理解以下句子：1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.2. You must have been mad to speak to an animal.3. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.4. Mary can't have taken your dictionary. She has gone home.5. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?6. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?7. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.8. —What has happened to George?—I don't know. He may have got lost.9. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.10. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.11. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.12. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.13. I ought to have gone home last Sunday.14. You ought not to have given him more help.15. I needn't have bought so much wine — only five people came.巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.A. couldn’t have waitedB. needn’t have没有必要做但实际做了C. didn’t need to沒有必要做实际也沒有做D. should wait2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith ______ to a conference before th en.”A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone4. ---Tom took away my cell phone without being permitted.--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.A. mustB. mayC. canD. should5．--- Was it Mary who made the suggestion?--- It _______ have been. I can’t remember.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _______ at the meeting .A. mustn’t have spokenB. mightn’t have spokenC. can’t have spokenD. shouldn’t have spoken9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .A. must dialB. must have dialedC. should dialD. should have dialed10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have done11. He is not poor. You ____ have lent him the money.A. can’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t12. There was plenty of time. You ___ have hurried.A. won’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. couldn’t13. I ____ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him for some time.A. shouldn’t have comeB. must have comeC. needn’t have comeD. could have come14. They ____ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.A. mustB. couldC. shouldD. might15. He was sent to hospital. Something _______ to him.A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happenedD. must have happened16. I didn’t hear the phone. I ________ asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been17. --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice.--- On, it _________ my brother, Peter.A. must beB. must have beenC. can have beenD. might beKeys for reference：1---5 CAADD 6---10 CACBB11---15 BCDBD 16---3 BB教学反思传统的英语教学中，教师特别重视学生课堂上英语知识的消化，讲究知识点的掌握程度，教学中重视课内知识的封闭传授而轻视课内外方法的开放学习，这种传统的灌输式使学生缺乏灵活性和创造性。