英语高考语法-词类_新
高考英语中的词类活用
高考英语中的词类活用1. What is word class in English grammar?Word class, also known as part of speech, is a category that words are grouped into based on their grammatical function and meaning.词类，在英语语法中也称为词性，是一种基于词语的语法功能和意义进行分类的类别。
2. How many word classes are there in English?There are eight word classes in English: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.英语中有八种词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词和感叹词。
3. What is the function of a noun in a sentence?A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. It can function as the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb or preposition, or as the complement of a linking verb.名词是指用来表示人、地点、事物或概念的词语。
它可以在句子中作主语、动词或介词的宾语，或作为连系动词的补语。
4. What is the function of a verb in a sentence?A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence,or state of being. It can function as the main verb of a sentence, an auxiliary verb, or a modal verb.动词是指用来表示动作、发生或状态的词语。
新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类
新课标高考英语重点语法范例第一周派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。
此外，新考纲要求考生掌握 3 000多个英语单词。
因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
一、名词后缀1．动词＋ -ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员3．动词＋-ment→名词punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词warm adj.温暖的warmth n．温暖grow v．生长growth n．生长5．形容词＋-y→名词difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实6．形容词＋-ness→名词kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良7．动词＋-ance→名词annoy vt.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份9．-ing结尾的名词garden n．花园gardening n．园艺greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFrom the (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad (impress) on her and if she won the (elect) to become chairman of the Environment (organize), he could not get her (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got (inspire) from his wife’s , he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful (help)！I’m sure I will be the (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition , poor nutrition caused the (die) of the poor (lonely) was another problem because they had no (relate) or friends to his (brave) and (persevere), he managed to gain the (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. settlement (settle)．He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to (happy) and success.二、形容词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)agriculture n．农业agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词＋-ive→形容词decide v．决定；下决心decisive adj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋-able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)change v．变化；兑换changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋-f ul→形容词care n．小心；关心careful adj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心；关心careless adj.粗心的(6)名词＋-ly→形容词friend n．朋友friendly adj.友好的(7)名词＋-y→形容词dirt n．污物；脏物dirty adj.脏的(8)名词＋-ous→形容词danger n．危险dangerous adj.危险的2．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋-ing分词easy-going 随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋-ed kind-hearted 善良的；好心的(3)名词＋-ed分词water-covered 被水覆盖的(4)副词＋-ed分词well-written 写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋-ed three-legged 三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思1．It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C) ( )2．The good working condition in this city is attractive.( )3．You can rely on him because he is reliable.( )4．Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.( )5．It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.( )答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的；靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的；不眠的 5.有霜的Ⅱ.语篇填空A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is (communicate)．She is (act) in answering the teachers’ questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite (impress) and (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a (create) and (help) example, she once led a 7. homeless (home) child to her home and made the child her younger , she spent (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well is (friend) to those who have difficulty with their in all, Lucy is the most (fame) girl in her school.B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no English-speaking (说英语的) people local people are good-looking (相貌好看的), easy-going (随和的) andhard-working (勤劳的)．Our hostess was old-aged (年老的)，white-haired (白发苍苍的) andsun-burnt (被太阳晒伤的)．She gave me home-made (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking self-satisfied (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very well-known (着名) and wide-spread (广泛流传) around was exhausted when I fell into the ready-made (准备好了的) bedshe prepared for me.三、动词词缀1．前缀-en＋形容词→动词enrich v．丰富enlarge v．变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋-en→动词shorten v．缩短widen v．加宽3．-fy结尾的动词simplify v．简化classify v．归类4．-ize结尾的动词realize v．认识到popularize v．普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思1．Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.( )2．The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.( ) think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.( )4．You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.( )答案：1.使能够 2.使关系正常化 3.拓宽视野 4.使惊惧Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Try your best to memorize (memory) these new words.2．The question must be simplified (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3．It costs a lot of money if we plan to purify (pure) the waste water.4．He quickened (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5．You can enlarge (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un- 不，非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的dis- 不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in- 不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect 不正确的im- 不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir- 不，非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il- 不，非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non- 不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的；连续不断的mis- 错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis-＋动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意un-＋动词(意义相反) uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服2．表示否定意义的后缀名词＋-le ss→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处；用途useless adj.无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的home n．家homeless adj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思A was that the high temperature caused the big , Miss Wang knew it was not the true she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the Miss Wang knew that her appeal was ,_ she felt rather decided to the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some believed that the truth must be now.1．____________4．____________答案：1.错误观念 2.驳回；不准许 3.失望的；沮丧的4．揭露 5.揭露；揭发Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)The speech seemed to be (stop) and the listeners became very (patient)．When the speaker said that oil was -renewable (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was (practice) and (bear) to listen to him any (believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern also thought that the speaker was (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some (understand)．So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。
高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义(十一)宾补、定语与词类的关系(含真题练习与解析)
2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（十一）宾补、定语与词类的关系（含真题练习与解析）5.宾补与词类宾补由形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式或分词构成。
通常位于宾语之后，对宾语的意思进行补充说明。
宾语和补足语一起构成复合宾语。
如：1) We recommand Bob mornitor of our class.（名词词组作宾补）2) His effort made their work easier .（形容词作宾补）3) We often find him sleeping all day.（现在分词短语作宾补）4) Don’t make the workers work day and night . （不带to的不定式作宾补）5) The mother doesn’t want her son in danger .（介词短语作宾补）：宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
最为明显的例子就是2)、3)、4）“他们的工作轻松”、“他在睡觉”、“工人们干活”。
6.定语定语由名词所有格、形容词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词、数词、介词短语、副词、不定式、分词、定语从句等构成。
对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用。
如：1) Yuan Long Ping’s hobby is violin.(名词所有格作前置定语)2) His mother is a teather.(形容词性物主代词前置)3) she is a beautiful girl.(形容词作前置定语)4) I bought two books yesterday .（数词作前置定语）5) The notice on the blackboard is very important.（介词短语作后置定语）6) People here love fishing.（副词作后置定语）7) There is nothing to do this week . (不定式作后置定语)11.You’re an excellent player.主系定表标出下列句子的所有句子成分，并说明其词性或结构。
高中英语语法大全(最新版全国通用)
全日制高中英语语法大全学习提纲时态一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Mi ss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
新高考英语语法知识点归纳
新高考英语语法知识点归纳新高考英语语法主要包括词汇、句子结构、时态和语态、动词、名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、介词、连词、倒装句、虚拟语气等知识点。
下面将对这些知识点进行详细介绍。
一、词汇1. 同义词与近义词的辨析：如begin和start、buy和purchase等。
2. 词性转换：如动词变名词、名词变动词等。
3. 前缀和后缀的应用：如un-、dis-、mis-、-able、-ful等。
二、句子结构1. 主谓一致：主语为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
2. 并列连词的使用：如and、but、or等。
3. 从句的引导词及从句的语序：如that、whether、who、which等。
三、时态和语态1. 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时的用法和表示方式。
2. 被动语态的构成和使用。
四、动词1. 不定式的用法：如作主语、宾语、表语等。
2. 动词短语的替换：如take a shower和have a shower等。
五、名词1. 可数名词和不可数名词的区别：可数名词有单数和复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。
2. 名词所有格的构成：如单数名词加's，复数名词加'。
3. 名词的复数形式：规则复数和不规则复数形式。
六、代词1. 主格和宾格的用法：如I和me、he和him等。
2. 反身代词的构成和使用：如myself、himself等。
3. 物主代词的用法和形式：如mine、yours、his等。
七、冠词1. 不定冠词a和an的选择：a用于以辅音开头的词，an用于以元音开头的词。
2. 定冠词the的使用：指特定的人或事物时使用the。
八、形容词和副词1. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成和使用：如-er和-est、more和most等。
2. 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和使用：如-ly和more。
九、介词1. 常用介词的搭配：如in、on、at等。
英语词类及句子成分解释--语法归纳
英语词类及句子成分一、词类：能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。
根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。
分为：名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。
（一）名词：（noun）表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
例如：foreigner外国人soap 肥皂Newton牛顿law 法律freedom自由peace 和平英语名词可分为两大类：1。
普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
例如：teacher 教师market市场rice 大米magazine杂志sound 声音production生产2。
专有名词(proper noun)：是指点特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。
其第一个字母必须大写。
例如：Hemingway海明威Russia 俄罗斯New York 纽约United Nations联合国普通名词：可数名词(countable noun)，不可数名词(uncountable noun)可数名词：有单数，复数。
复数形式的构成:在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。
例如：shop→shops商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆toy→toys 玩具leaf→leaves树叶英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。
例如：man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据（二）冠词:(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。
种类：不定冠词(indefinite article)，定冠词(definite article)不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。
a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。
例如：a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会a double room一个双人间 a useful book 一本有用的书an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人定冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。
十大词类之句法功能-备战新高考英语复习语法知识点全面梳理(全国通用)
Lesson 2
词类
英语名称
作用
例词
名词
Noun（缩写为 n.）
表示人或事物的名称
party 政党 China 中国
形容词
Adjective（adj.）
表示人或事物的特征、性质 good 好的
great 伟大
动词
Verb (v.)
表示动作或状态
eat 吃
实
have 有
词
副词
Adverb (adv.)
1.6 数词
It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
十
大
“How many do you want? ”“ I want two.
词 类
实词
She was the first in the writing competition.
My parents hold a party for my eighteenth birthday.
英语 一、英语听力：要坚持每天听1、调整并保持听力状态很重要。建议考前， 考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量。 2、真题最好反复演练。最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试 题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题。 3、听写训练。做一些真题的听写训练。基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听 一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里。另外值 得一提的是，在正式考试中，做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百 分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案。据统计，第一次选择往往比 改动后的选择更可靠。
十
Students today seem to know very little about geography.
2022最新高考英语重点语法归纳
2022最新高考英语重点语法归纳高中语法主要有主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句等。
以下是小编整理的2022最新高考英语重点语法归纳，欢迎大家借鉴与参考!高中有哪些重点的英语语法知识点人称代词的用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When h e arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：I saw her with them , at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。
(her做宾语，them 做介词宾语，her作主语补语)a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?b. -- Me .--我。
(me作主语补语= It's me.)说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。
现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换1) 宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?---- Not me.--我可不要了。
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I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
句子成分
英语的句子成分一般包括
主语
谓语
宾语
定语 补语 状语 表语 同位语
主语(Subject) 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物。 书本是知识的源泉。 Book is the resource of knowledge. 主语通常是一些代表事物性或实体性的名词。 除了名词可担任主语外，还有代词、数词、 动词不定式、动名词、从句均可作主语.它的位置 一般在句首．但在there be结构、疑问句（当主 语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助 动词或情态动词后面。 What he has said is true.
2. 表示转折关系的并列连词：
but “但是”； however “然而”；
yet “然而”； nevertheless “然而” 等。 He worked hard, but he failed at last. I’d like to go with you. However, my hands are full. She failed many times.Nevertheless, she went on with experiment. This is a glorious yet difficult task
另：介词还能与其他词类搭配形成短语，如： look at/for/ into/ after get on with ….. devote oneself to …. make use of….. have difficulty in …… be interested in….. be satisfied with….. be proud of…..
5.指示代词 This is a map. Why did you give this to his wife? My advice is this: don’t give up. These houses belong to the company. 6.疑问代词 Who donated the money to the sick girl? Which do you like better? Who is the girl standing over there? Whose pen is lost?
7.关系代词 The woman who is standing over there is my mother. This is the house which I visited yesterday. He lent me a book whose author was very famous.
3. 表示选择关系的并列连词：
or “或者”； either…or… “要么…要么…”
We will die without air or water.
Either you or I am right.
4.表示因果关系的并列连词： so, for I heard a noise, so I got out of bed and turned on the light. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet .
英语十大词类 及其应用
英语中的单词可以分为十大词类：
实词
1 名词 n. teacher, book等。 2 代词 pron. we ,me, he 等。 3 数词 num. two,fifth 等 4 动词 v. work, study, live 等。 5 形容词 adj. good, big, beautiful 等。 6 副词 adv . fast, quickly等。
谓语(Predicate)
谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”, 由动词来担任.一般放在主语之后由简单动词或者动词 短语构成． 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. They are students. 他们是学生。
动词：表示主语的动作或状态
及物动词（clean,play)
实义动词
动词 系动词 情态动词
不及物动词 look,smile
助动词( do,does,did,will,would, have has,had,be)
形容词：表示人或事物的性质或状态 The news is absolutely shocking to us. He is a reliable person. Why did you leave the bag open? 副词：表示动作的特征或性质特征。 The workers are checking the machines carefully. He is out at the moment.
3.反身代词 He taught himself English. The boy himself cooked the meal. 4.不定代词 Something might have happened to him. He has done all for you. This is all that he has done for you. Most students like pop music. Their children all hope to visit Taiwan some day.
一词多类
不少词可以属于几个词类，例如：smoke(名
词) (烟尘)，(动词) (吸烟)；own(形容词) (自 己的)，(动词) (拥有)；just(副词) (刚才)，(形 容词) (正义的)；key(名词) (钥匙)，(形容词) (主要的)，等。
句子
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第 一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？
数 词
（1）基数词—表示数量的多少one,two,ten （2）序数词—表示数的顺序 first,second, twelfth 其前要加上冠词the。序数词的缩写形 式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first--31st等。
(1)年、月、日、时刻,年代表达法 2005年4月10日-April 10,2005 5月1日-May 1， 5:30-half past five， 8:45-a quarter to nine， 1870’s(1870s) 1990’s(1990s) (2)分数\小数和百分数的表达方法 o.15-zero point one five 40% forty percent 56% fifty-six percen （3）分数表示法的构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表 分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数 词用复数。例如： 1/3 one-third；3/37 three thirty-sevenths.
感叹词
感叹词(interjection)是表示喜怒哀乐等感情
的词，例如：oh, well, why, hello等。 上述十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副 词、动词、数词等都有实义，故称为实词 (notioal word)；而介词、冠词、连词、感叹 词等没有实义，故称为虚词(form word)。
1.表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：
and, as well as, “和” ； both…and… “…和…两个都”； not only…but also… “不但…而且…” neither…nor… “既不…也不…” 等。
They work and live in Shenzhen. He is a scientist as well as a poet. A man should have both courage and perseverance. He can neither read nor write. He is not only clever but also diligent. She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar.
冠词：表示名词的泛指或特指。 I bought a computer. The computer is very nice. 介词：放在名词，代词，动名词等前面构成介 宾结构（介词短语） The man in the library is Bill’s father. I will pick you up at 6:00 am. They found the purse at the school gate. The book is on the desk.
8.连接代词 Who will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided. I don’t know which book is better. You can take whatever you like. I want to know whose room is cleaner.
连词：连接词，短语或句子，不充当句子成分。
并列关系 and, both..and…
并列连词 转折关系 but, yet 选择关系 or, either..or… 因果关系 so, for 从属连词 引导状语从句的所有的引导词 引导名词性从句 的三个词： that, whether, if
一、并列连词
7 冠词 art. a, an, the等。 8 介词 prep. in, on,by,with等。 虚词 9 连词 conj. and, but等。 10 感叹词 interj. Oh,ah等。