(机械设计理论)中英文对照 Machine design theory
机械设计名词术语中英文对照表(doc 20页)
机械设计名词术语中英文对照表(doc 20页)机械设计名词术语中英文对照表阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm 安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key 变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar 摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear 摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion 摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact 保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement 背锥 back cone ；normal cone背锥角 back angle 背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale 比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain 闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm 变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed 变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel 变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient 标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear 表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel 并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series 齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth 齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum 齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum 齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness 齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width 齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve 齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear 齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit 齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear 齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio 齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor 齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper 重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio 冲床 punch （1 页）传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system 传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft 串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation ; creation 创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load 唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing 从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower 从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell 从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear 粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread 大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer 打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving 带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake 单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing 单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector 当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load 刀具 cutter导数 derivative 倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat 导程 lead导程角 lead angle 等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion 等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam 等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force 等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent 等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis 低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line （疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket 垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring 顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal 动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity 动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance 动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics 动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction 动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch 端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt 多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses 惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life 额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad 发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters 法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module 法面压力角 normal pressure angle （2 页）法向齿距 normal pitch 法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm 法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining 反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal 非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone 分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential 复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining 复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference 刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator 惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation 技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD 机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD 机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism 抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair 空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain 空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程 Reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel联组V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal螺纹 thread (of a screw)螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋角 helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line绿色设计 green design ; design for environment 马耳他机构 Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字 Maltese cross脉动无级变速 pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力 fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷 fluctuating load铆钉 rivet迷宫密封 labyrinth seal密封 seal密封带 seal belt密封胶 seal gum密封元件 potted component密封装置 sealing arrangement面对面安装 face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计 design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力 nominal stress模块化设计 modular design, MD模块式传动系统 modular system模幅箱 morphology box模糊集 fuzzy set模糊评价 fuzzy evaluation模数 module摩擦 friction摩擦角 friction angle摩擦力 friction force摩擦学设计 tribology design, TD摩擦阻力 frictional resistance摩擦力矩 friction moment摩擦系数 coefficient of friction摩擦圆 friction circle磨损 abrasion ;wear; scratching末端执行器 end-effector目标函数 objective function耐腐蚀性 corrosion resistance耐磨性 wear resistance挠性机构 mechanism with flexible elements 挠性转子 flexible rotor内齿轮 internal gear内齿圈 ring gear内力 internal force内圈 inner ring能量 energy能量指示图 viscosity逆时针 counterclockwise (or anticlockwise) 啮出 engaging-out啮合 engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点 contact points啮合角 working pressure angle啮合线 line of action啮合线长度 length of line of action啮入 engaging-in牛头刨床 shaper凝固点 freezing point; solidifying point 扭转应力 torsion stress扭矩 moment of torque扭簧 helical torsion spring诺模图 NomogramO 形密封圈密封 O ring seal盘形凸轮 disk cam盘形转子 disk-like rotor抛物线运动 parabolic motion疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏置式 offset偏( 心) 距 offset distance偏心率 eccentricity ratio偏心质量 eccentric mass偏距圆 offset circle偏心盘 eccentric偏置滚子从动件 offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件 offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接 matching评价与决策 evaluation and decision频率 frequency平带 flat belt平带传动 flat belt driving平底从动件 flat-face follower平底宽度 face width平分线 bisector平均应力 average stress平均中径 mean screw diameter平均速度 average velocity平衡 balance平衡机 balancing machine平衡品质 balancing quality平衡平面 correcting plane平衡质量 balancing mass平衡重 counterweight平衡转速 balancing speed平面副 planar pair, flat pair平面机构 planar mechanism平面运动副 planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构 planar linkage平面凸轮 planar cam平面凸轮机构 planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮 parallel helical gears普通平键 parallel key其他常用机构 other mechanism in common use起动阶段 starting period启动力矩 starting torque气动机构 pneumatic mechanism奇异位置 singular position起始啮合点 initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承 gas bearing千斤顶 jack嵌入键 sunk key强迫振动 forced vibration切齿深度 depth of cut曲柄 crank曲柄存在条件 Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构 crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear曲率 curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature曲面从动件 curved-shoe follower曲线拼接 curve matching曲线运动 curvilinear motion曲轴 crank shaft驱动力 driving force驱动力矩 driving moment (torque)全齿高 whole depth权重集 weight sets球 ball球面滚子 convex roller球轴承 ball bearing球面副 spheric pair球面渐开线 spherical involute球面运动 spherical motion球销副 sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器 polar coordinate manipulator燃点 spontaneous ignition热平衡 heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮 herringbone gear冗余自由度 redundant degree of freedom柔轮 flexspline柔性冲击 flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统 flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化 flexible automation润滑油膜 lubricant film润滑装置 lubrication device润滑 lubrication润滑剂 lubricant三角形花键 serration spline三角形螺纹 V thread screw三维凸轮 three-dimensional cam三心定理 Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽 grinding wheel groove砂漏 hour-glass少齿差行星传动 planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学 design methodology设计变量 design variable设计约束 design constraints深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing生产阻力 productive resistance升程 rise升距 lift实际廓线 cam profile十字滑块联轴器 double slider coupling; Oldham‘s coupling 矢量 vector输出功 output work输出构件 output link输出机构 output mechanism输出力矩 output torque输出轴 output shaft输入构件 input link数学模型 mathematic model实际啮合线 actual line of action双滑块机构 double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构 double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮 hyperboloid gear双头螺柱 studs双万向联轴节 constant-velocity (or double) universal joint双摇杆机构 double rocker mechanism双转块机构 Oldham coupling双列轴承 double row bearing双向推力轴承 double-direction thrust bearing松边 slack-side顺时针 clockwise瞬心 instantaneous center死点 dead point四杆机构 four-bar linkage速度 velocity速度不均匀( 波动) 系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 速度波动 speed fluctuation速度曲线 velocity diagram速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity塔轮 step pulley踏板 pedal台钳、虎钳 vice太阳轮 sun gear弹性滑动 elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器 elastic coupling ; flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器 rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒 sleeve梯形螺纹 acme thread form特殊运动链 special kinematic chain特性 characteristics替代机构 equivalent mechanism调节 modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承 self-aligning roller bearing 调心球轴承 self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承 self-aligning bearing调速 speed governing调速电动机 adjustable speed motors调速系统 speed control system调压调速 variable voltage control调速器 regulator, governor铁磁流体密封 ferrofluid seal停车阶段 stopping phase停歇 dwell同步带 synchronous belt同步带传动 synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体 convex凸轮 cam凸轮倒置机构 inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构 cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线 cam profile凸轮廓线绘制 layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线 pitch curve凸缘联轴器 flange coupling图册、图谱 atlas图解法 graphical method推程 rise推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing退刀槽 tool withdrawal groove退火 anneal陀螺仪 gyroscopeV 带 V belt外力 external force外圈 outer ring外形尺寸 boundary dimension万向联轴器 Hooks coupling ; universal coupling 外齿轮 external gear弯曲应力 beading stress弯矩 bending moment腕部 wrist往复移动 reciprocating motion往复式密封 reciprocating seal网上设计 on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism位移 displacement位移曲线 displacement diagram位姿 pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段 steady motion period稳健设计 robust design蜗杆 worm蜗杆传动机构 worm gearing蜗杆头数 number of threads蜗杆直径系数 diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构 worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构 worm cam interval mechanism 蜗杆旋向 hands of worm蜗轮 worm gear涡圈形盘簧 power spring无级变速装置 stepless speed changes devices无穷大 infinite系杆 crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡 field balancing向心轴承 radial bearing向心力 centrifugal force相对速度 relative velocity相对运动 relative motion相对间隙 relative gap象限 quadrant橡皮泥 plasticine细牙螺纹 fine threads销 pin消耗 consumption小齿轮 pinion小径 minor diameter橡胶弹簧 balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律 modified trapezoidal acceleration motion修正正弦加速度运动规律 modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical gear斜键、钩头楔键 taper key泄漏 leakage谐波齿轮 harmonic gear谐波传动 harmonic driving谐波发生器 harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the helical gear 心轴 spindle行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数 advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置 planetary transmission行星轮 planet gear行星轮变速装置 planetary speed changing devices行星轮系 planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构 positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实 virtual reality虚拟现实技术 virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计 virtual reality design, VRD虚约束 redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量 allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角 allowable pressure angle许用应力 allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构 cantilever structure悬臂梁 cantilever beam循环功率流 circulating power load旋转力矩 running torque旋转式密封 rotating seal旋转运动 rotary motion选型 type selection压力 pressure压力中心 center of pressure压缩机 compressor压应力 compressive stress压力角 pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器 jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling 雅可比矩阵 Jacobi matrix摇杆 rocker液力传动 hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器 hydraulic couplers液体弹簧 liquid spring液压无级变速 hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构 hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链 generalized kinematic chain移动从动件 reciprocating follower移动副 prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节 prismatic joint移动凸轮 wedge cam盈亏功 increment or decrement work应力幅 stress amplitude应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 factor of stress concentration应力图 stress diagram应力—应变图 stress-strain diagram优化设计 optimal design油杯 oil bottle油壶 oil can油沟密封 oily ditch seal有害阻力 useless resistance有益阻力 useful resistance有效拉力 effective tension有效圆周力 effective circle force有害阻力 detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动 cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion预紧力 preload原动机 primer mover圆带 round belt圆带传动 round belt drive圆弧齿厚 circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm圆角半径 fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器 disc friction clutch圆盘制动器 disc brake原动机 prime mover原始机构 original mechanism圆形齿轮 circular gear圆柱滚子 cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副 cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构 barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮 cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器 cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧 conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子 tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears圆锥角 cone angle原动件 driving link约束 constraint约束条件 constraint condition约束反力 constraining force跃度 jerk跃度曲线 jerk diagram运动倒置 kinematic inversion运动方案设计 kinematic precept design运动分析 kinematic analysis运动副 kinematic pair运动构件 moving link运动简图 kinematic sketch运动链 kinematic chain运动失真 undercutting运动设计 kinematic design运动周期 cycle of motion运动综合 kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数 coefficient of velocity fluctuation 运动粘度 kenematic viscosity载荷 load载荷—变形曲线 load—deformation curve载荷—变形图 load—deformation diagram窄V 带 narrow V belt毡圈密封 felt ring seal展成法 generating张紧力 tension张紧轮 tension pulley振动 vibration振动力矩 shaking couple振动频率 frequency of vibration振幅 amplitude of vibration正切机构 tangent mechanism正向运动学 direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构 sine generator, scotch yoke织布机 loom正应力、法向应力 normal stress制动器 brake直齿圆柱齿轮 spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear直角三角形 right triangle直角坐标操作器 Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数 diametral quotient直径系列 diameter series直廓环面蜗杆 hindley worm直线运动 linear motion直轴 straight shaft质量 mass质心 center of mass执行构件 executive link; working link质径积 mass-radius product智能化设计 intelligent design, ID中间平面 mid-plane中心距 center distance中心距变动 center distance change中心轮 central gear中径 mean diameter终止啮合点 final contact, end of contact周节 pitch周期性速度波动 periodic speed fluctuation 周转轮系 epicyclic gear train肘形机构 toggle mechanism轴 shaft轴承盖 bearing cup轴承合金 bearing alloy轴承座 bearing block轴承高度 bearing height轴承宽度 bearing width轴承内径 bearing bore diameter轴承寿命 bearing life轴承套圈 bearing ring轴承外径 bearing outside diameter轴颈 journal轴瓦、轴承衬 bearing bush轴端挡圈 shaft end ring轴环 shaft collar轴肩 shaft shoulder轴角 shaft angle轴向 axial direction轴向齿廓 axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷 static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic axial load rating 轴向基本额定静载荷 basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承 axial contact bearing轴向平面 axial plane轴向游隙 axial internal clearance轴向载荷 axial load轴向载荷系数 axial load factor轴向分力 axial thrust load主动件 driving link主动齿轮 driving gear主动带轮 driving pulley转动导杆机构 whitworth mechanism转动副 revolute (turning) pair转速 swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节 revolute joint转轴 revolving shaft转子 rotor转子平衡 balance of rotor装配条件 assembly condition锥齿轮 bevel gear锥顶 common apex of cone锥距 cone distance锥轮 bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆 milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear子程序 subroutine子机构 sub-mechanism自动化 automation自锁 self-locking自锁条件 condition of self-locking自由度 degree of freedom, mobility总重合度 total contact ratio总反力 resultant force总效率 combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理 theory of constitution组合齿形 composite tooth form组合安装 stack mounting组合机构 combined mechanism阻抗力 resistance最大盈亏功 maximum difference work between plus and minus work纵向重合度 overlap contact ratio纵坐标 ordinate组合机构 combined mechanism最少齿数 minimum teeth number最小向径 minimum radius作用力 applied force坐标系 coordinate frame。
机械设计专业术语中英文对照
阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)变速speed change变速齿轮change gear change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment of force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承multi-row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyad发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound (or combined) gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism复杂机构complex mechanism杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link; frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code 滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercutting函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear train积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanism行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation技术系统technique system机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machine design机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mechanical design机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算力矩factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism 减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交*带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanism抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism可*度degree of reliability可*性reliability可*性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮two-dimensional cam临界转速critical speed六杆机构six-bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design design for environment马耳他机构Geneva wheel Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion wear; scratching末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective function耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements 挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise) 啮出engaging-out啮合engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramO 形密封圈密封O ring seal盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏( 心) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平衡balance平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality平衡平面correcting plane平衡质量balancing mass平衡重counterweight平衡转速balancing speed平面副planar pair, flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel key其他常用机构other mechanism in common use 起动阶段starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇异位置singular position行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)起始啮合点initial contact , beginning of contact 气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (torque)全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulator燃点spontaneous ignition热平衡heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮herringbone gear冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom柔轮flexspline柔性冲击flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化flexible automation润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricant三角形花键serration spline行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)三角形螺纹V thread screw三维凸轮three-dimensional cam三心定理Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽grinding wheel groove砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学design methodology设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance升程rise升距lift实际廓线cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling; Oldham‘s coupling 矢量vector输出功output work输出构件output link输出机构output mechanism输出力矩output torque输出轴output shaft输入构件input link数学模型mathematic model实际啮合线actual line of action双滑块机构double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant-velocity (or double) universal joint 双摇杆机构double rocker mechanism双转块机构Oldham coupling双列轴承double row bearing双向推力轴承double-direction thrust bearing松边slack-side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point四杆机构four-bar linkage速度velocity速度不均匀( 波动) 系数coefficient of speed fluctuation速度波动speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)塔轮step pulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sun gear弹性滑动elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器elastic coupling flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acme thread form特殊运动链special kinematic chain特性characteristics替代机构equivalent mechanism调节modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing调速speed governing调速电动机adjustable speed motors调速系统speed control system调压调速variable voltage control调速器regulator, governor铁磁流体密封ferrofluid seal停车阶段stopping phase停歇dwell同步带synchronous belt同步带传动synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体convex凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeV 带V belt行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling universal coupling 外齿轮external gear弯曲应力beading stress弯矩bending moment腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion往复式密封reciprocating seal网上设计on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagram位姿pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段steady motion period稳健设计robust design蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear涡圈形盘簧power spring无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices无穷大infinite系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡field balancing向心轴承radial bearing向心力centrifugal force相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹fine threads销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弹簧balata spring行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)修正梯形加速度运动规律modified trapezoidal acceleration motion 修正正弦加速度运动规律modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear斜键、钩头楔键taper key泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear谐波传动harmonic driving谐波发生器harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism 虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality design, VRD虚约束redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构cantilever structure悬臂梁cantilever beam循环功率流circulating power load旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selection压力pressure压力中心center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器hydraulic couplers液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic stepless speed changes行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)液压机构hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链generalized kinematic chain移动从动件reciprocating follower移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint移动凸轮wedge cam盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration应力图stress diagram应力—应变图stress-strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion 预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic precept design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度kenematic viscosity载荷load载荷—变形曲线load—deformation curve载荷—变形图load—deformation diagram窄V 带narrow V belt毡圈密封felt ring seal展成法generating张紧力tension张紧轮tension pulley振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正切机构tangent mechanism正向运动学direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构sine generator, scotch yoke织布机loom正应力、法向应力normal stress制动器brake行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直角三角形right triangle直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm直线运动linear motion直轴straight shaft质量mass质心center of mass执行构件executive link; working link质径积mass-radius product智能化设计intelligent design, ID中间平面mid-plane中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中心轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, end of contact周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent axial load行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)轴向当量静载荷static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic axial load rating 轴向基本额定静载荷basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact bearing轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearance轴向载荷axial load轴向载荷系数axial load factor轴向分力axial thrust load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mechanism转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed rotating speed转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平衡balance of rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self-locking自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum difference work between plus and minus work 纵向重合度overlap contact ratio行业专用术语中英对照(机械设计类)纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanism最少齿数minimum teeth number 最小向径minimum radius作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frame。
机械设计名词术语中英文对照表
机械设计名词术语中英⽂对照表Chinese English阿基⽶德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹⾯、凹度 concavity扳⼿ wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包⾓ angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥⾓ back angle背锥距 back cone distance⽐例尺 scale⽐热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表⾯质量系数 superficial mass factor表⾯传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表⾯粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism并⾏⼯程 concurrent engineering并⾏设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发⽣器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应⼒ residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism差速器 differential常⽤机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能⼒ bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺⼨系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶⾼ addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根⾼ dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插⼑ pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚⼑ hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数⽐ gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插⼑ rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、⽆声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动⽐ transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动⾓ transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation ; creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗⽛螺纹 coarse thread⼤齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推⼒轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位⽮量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load⼑具 cutter导数 derivative倒⾓ chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程⾓ lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效⼒ equivalent force等效⼒矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动⼒学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫⽚密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动⼒学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动⼒粘度 dynamic viscosity动⼒润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压⼒ dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端⾯ transverse plane端⾯参数 transverse parameters端⾯齿距 transverse circular pitch端⾯齿廓 transverse tooth profile端⾯重合度 transverse contact ratio端⾯模数 transverse module端⾯压⼒⾓ transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应⼒ symmetry circulating stress对⼼滚⼦从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对⼼直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower对⼼移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对⼼曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转⼦ rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发⽣线 generating line发⽣⾯ generating plane法⾯ normal plane法⾯参数 normal parameters法⾯齿距 normal circular pitch法⾯模数 normal module法⾯压⼒⾓ normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向⼒ normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting⽅案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel⾮标准齿轮 nonstandard gear⾮接触式密封 non-contact seal⾮周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation⾮圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合⾦ powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程⾓ lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋⾓ helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分⼦ numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应⼒ combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group⼲涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转⼦ rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling⾼度系列 height series⾼速带 high speed belt⾼副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter⾼度系列 height series功 work⼯况系数 application factor⼯艺设计 technological design⼯作循环图 working cycle diagram⼯作机构 operation mechanism⼯作载荷 external loads⼯作空间 working space⼯作应⼒ working stress⼯作阻⼒ effective resistance⼯作阻⼒矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link⿎风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性⼒ inertia force惯性⼒矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性⼒平衡 balance of shaking force惯性⼒完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性⼒部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear⼴义机构 generation mechanism⼴义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹⽣成 path generation轨迹发⽣器 path generator滚⼑ hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚⼦ roller滚⼦轴承 roller bearing滚⼦半径 radius of roller滚⼦从动件 roller follower滚⼦链 roller chain滚⼦链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发⽣器 function generator函数⽣成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合⼒ resultant force合⼒矩 resultant moment of force⿊箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环⾯蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电⼀体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器⼈ robot机器⼈操作器 manipulator机器⼈学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动⼒分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动⼒设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动⼒学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械⼿ manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation机械⽆级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压⼒⾓ pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘⽖ pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹⾓ crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算⼒矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism减速⽐ reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋⾯ involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发⽣线 generating line of involute渐开线⽅程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压⼒⾓ pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应⼒ repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring⾓加速度 angular acceleration⾓速度 angular velocity⾓速⽐ angular velocity ratio⾓接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing⾓接触推⼒轴承 angular contact thrust bearing⾓接触向⼼轴承 angular contact radial bearing⾓接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平⾯ correcting plane接触应⼒ contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截⾯ section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥⾓ pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平⾯ radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静⼒ static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部⾃由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形⽛嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺⼨系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开⼝传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空⽓弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺⽅程 Reynolds‘s equation离⼼⼒ centrifugal force离⼼应⼒ centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离⼼密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action⾪属度 membership⼒ force⼒多边形 force polygon⼒封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism ⼒矩 moment⼒平衡 equilibrium⼒偶 couple⼒偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连⼼线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal螺纹 thread (of a screw)螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋⾓ helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line绿⾊设计 g r e e n d e s i g n ; d e s i g n f o r e n v i r o n m e n t。
中英文单词对照
Chapter 1 Introduction 绪论双语教材bilingual textbook机械原理theory of machine and mechanisms机械学mechanology机构学mechanism机械设计及理论machine design and theory of machine机械machinery机器machine机构mechanism内燃机internal-combustion engine活塞piston曲轴crankshaft构件link, member零件part, element螺母nut螺栓bolt垫片washer轴承bearing轴瓦bearing, bush连杆coupler, connecting rod机械设计的步骤mechanical design procedure微型机械（微米级）micromachine小型机械minimachine机器组成constitution of machine机械运动学kinematics of machinery机械动力学dynamics of machinery过程process机械设计machine design国际机械原理联合会international federation for theory of machines and mechanisms单缸四冲程内燃机one-cylinder four-stroke cycle combustion engine吸气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke压力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust strokeChapter 2 Structural Analysis of Planar Mechanisms 平面机构的结构分析机构组成constitution of mechanism机构分析structure analysis原动机prime machine, prime power原动件driving link, input link从动件driven link, output link机架frame, fixed link连架杆link connected with frame, side link相对运动relative motion接触contact运动副kinematical pair运动副的分类classification of kinematical pairs低副lower pair高副higher pair转动副turning pair, revolute pair移动副sliding pair, prismatic pair滚滑高副sliding-turning pair二副杆binary link三副杆ternary link平面机构plane mechanism空间机构spatial mechanism运动链kinematical chain平面运动链plane chain空间运动链spatial chain闭链closed chain开链unclosed chain, open chain自由度degree of freedom, mobility约束constraint虚约束overconstraint redundant constraint局部自由度partial degree of freedom, passive degree of freedom,redundant degree of freedom复合铰链multiple pin joints, compound hinges机构运动简图schematic diagram of mechanism, kinematic sketch颚式破碎机jaw crusher machine长度比例尺length scale刚性构件rigid link柔性构件flexible link活动构件moving link高副低代replacement of higher pair by lower pair机构的结构分析structure analysis of mechanism杆组link groupII级杆组class II link groupIII级杆组class III link group复杂机构complex mechanism等效机构equivalent mechanism平面机构自由度计算公式Grueble criterion for degree of freedom of plane mechanism空间机构自由度计算公式Kutzback criterion for degree of freedom of spatial mechanismChapter 3 Kinematic Analysis of Planar Mechanisms 平面机构的运动分析图解法graphical method相对运动图解法graphical method of relative motion瞬心法velocity analysis by instantaneous centers解析法analytical method运动分析kinematic method线位移displacement, linear displacement线速度velocity, linear velocity线加速度acceleration, linear acceleration转角angle角位移angular displacement角速度angular velocity角加速度angular acceleration位移方程displacement equation速度方程relative velocity equation加速度方程relative acceleration equation绝对速度absolute velocity相对速度relative velocity牵连速度implicative velocity, velocity of the base point法向速度normal velocity切向速度tangential velocity哥式加速度coriolis component of acceleration, coriolis acceleration 位移分析displacement analysis速度分析velocity analysis速度影像velocity image加速度影像acceleration image加速度分析acceleration analysis重合点coincident points瞬心instant center, instantaneous center速度瞬心velocity center绝对瞬心absolute center相对瞬心relative center瞬心多边形instantaneous center polygon用运动副直接连接的两构件瞬心prime center三心定理aronhold-kennedy theorem极点pole速度比例尺velocity scale加速度比例尺acceleration scale速度多边形velocity polygon加速度多边形acceleration polygon矢量vector标量scalar大小与方向magnitude and direction直角坐标系rectangular coordinate封闭矢量环closed vector loop矩阵matrix线性代数方程linear algebraic equation线性方程组linear equations非线性方程组non-linear equations数学模型mathematical model计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD)计算机程序computer programChapter 4 Force Analysis of Planar Mechanisms 平面机构的力分析力分析force analysis静力分析static analysis动力分析dynamic analysis作用力applied force力矩moment驱动力driving force阻抗力resistance force重力gravity惯性力inertia force约束反力reactive force, reaction分离体free-body diagram二力构件two-force member三力构件three-force member力作用线action line of force平衡方程equation of equilibrium摩擦friction摩擦系数coefficient of friction当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction干摩擦dry friction平面摩擦friction on plane斜面摩擦friction on inclined plane矩形螺纹摩擦friction on square-threaded screw三角螺纹摩擦friction o v-threaded screw滑动摩擦sliding friction接触表面contacting surface磨损wear摩擦力friction force摩擦角friction angle当量摩擦角equivalent friction angle总反力total resultant force轴颈摩擦pin friction, friction in journal bearing摩擦圆friction circle达朗伯原理d’alember’s principle惯性力矩inertia torque, moment of inertia质心center of mass, mass center转动惯量mass moment of inertia离心力centrifugal force水平力horizontal force切向力tangential force法向力normal force自锁self-locking机械效率mechanical efficiency自锁机构self-locking mechanism输入功率input power输出功率output powerChapter 5 Synthesis of Planar Linkages 平面连杆机构及其设计运动综合精确综合近似综合型综合数综合尺度综合精度结构误差按行程速比系数综合四杆机构按连杆的对应位置综合四杆机构按连架杆的对应位置综合四杆结构按连杆曲线综合四杆机构刚体导引函数发生轨迹生成连杆机构linkage平面连杆机构plane linkage空间连杆机构spatial linkage四杆机构four-bar linkage曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker linkage双曲柄机构double-crank linkage双摇杆机构double-rocker linkage曲柄滑块机构slider-crank linkage曲柄摇杆机构rocking-block linkage摆动导杆机构rocking guide-bar linkage转动导杆机构移动导杆机构正弦机构正切机构双滑块机构双转块机构平行四边形机构曲柄存在的条件压力角pressure angle传动角transmission angle极位夹角angle between the limiting position极限位置extreme position, limiting position行程速比系数coefficient of travel speed variation, advance to return time ratio 急回特性quick-return characteristics急回运动quick-return motion急回机构quick-return mechanism死点dead point机构演化机构变异机架变换移动定轴转动一般平面运动Chapter 6 Design of Cam Mechanisms 凸轮机构及其设计凸轮cam高速凸轮high-speed cam从动件follower滚子roller滚子半径radius of roller滚子中心center of roller平底长度length of flat-face直动从动件translating follower摆动从动件oscillating follower滚子从动件roller follower尖顶从动件knife-edge follower平底从动件flat-faced follower, flat follower曲底从动件spherical-faced follower对心直动从动件盘形凸轮机构disk cam with radial translating roller follower对心直动尖顶从动件盘形凸轮机构disk cam with radial translating knife-edge follower偏置直动从动件盘形凸轮机构disk cam with offset translating roller follower偏置直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮机构摆动滚子从动件盘形凸轮机构disk cam with offset oscillating follower摆动尖顶从动件盘形凸轮机构摆动平底从动件盘形凸轮机构摆动滚子从动件盘形凸轮机构直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮机构摆动滚子从动件圆柱凸轮机构运动规律follower motion多项式运动规律polynomial motion一阶多项式运动规律二阶多项式运动规律3-4-5次多项式运动规律等速运动规律uniform motion, straight-line motion等加速、等减速运动规律parabolic motion, constant acceleration motion 三角函数运动规律trigonometric function motion摆线运动规律cycloidal motion简谐运动规律simple harmonic motion正弦运动规律sine acceleration motion, sine motion余弦运动规律cosine acceleration motion, cosine motion组合运动规律combination of follower motion位移线图displacement diagram位移方程displacement equation速度线图velocity diagram加速度线图acceleration diagram盘形凸轮disk cam, plate cam移动凸轮translating cam, wedge cam等径凸轮等宽凸轮共轭凸轮圆柱凸轮圆锥凸轮反转法原理principle of inversion包络线envelope实际廓线基圆base circle偏距offset偏距圆offset circle理论廓线基圆prime circle理论廓线pitch curve实际廓线cam profile曲率curvature凸轮廓线的曲率半径运动失真尖点sharp point, cusp外凸曲线内凹曲线滚子中心点开始点initial point升程rise travel回程return travel行程stroke从动件位移follower displacement凸轮转角cam angle停顿dwell升程运动角rise angle, angle of ascent回程运动角return angle, angle of decent休止角repose angle, angle of dwell刀具中心轨迹刚性冲击rigid impulse柔性冲击flexible impulseChapter 7 Design of Gear Mechanisms 齿轮机构及其设计齿轮机构gear mechanism平行轴齿轮parallel gears相交轴齿轮intersecting gears交错轴齿轮skew gear圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear锥齿轮bevel gear蜗轮warm gear蜗杆warm直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear齿廓曲线tooth profile齿廓啮合基本定律fundamental law of toothed gearing, law of gearing 发生线generating line渐开线involute渐开线性质involute property渐开线函数involute function渐开线方程involute equation中心距distance of centers标准中心距standard distance of centers实际安装中心距mounted distance of centers节点pitch point节圆pitch circle分度圆reference circle, standard pitch circle基圆base circle齿顶圆addendum circle齿根圆dedendum circle齿数number of teeth模数module齿距circular pitch基节base pitch法节normal pitch齿厚tooth thickness齿槽宽width of space, space width任意圆周上的齿厚齿顶高addendum齿根高dedendum全齿高whole depth顶隙clearance侧隙backlash齿顶高系数coefficient of addendum顶隙系数coefficient of clearance基圆直径diameter of clearance分度圆直径diameter of reference circle节圆直径diameter of pitch circle齿顶圆直径diameter of addendum circle齿根圆直径diameter of dedendum circle公法线长度length of common normal小齿轮pinion外齿轮external gear齿条rack内齿轮internal gear, ring gear啮合mesh, engaging啮合点engaging point, meshing point啮合线line of action啮合角meshing angle, angle of obliquity正确啮合条件condition of correctly engaging重合度contact ratio滑动系数slip ratio齿轮加工forming of gear teeth, gear manufacture成形法form milling范成法generating盘形刀具disk milling cutter指形刀具finger cutter齿条刀具rack-shaped cutter干涉inerference根切undercutting不发生根切的最少齿数minimum number of teeth to avoid undercutting标准齿轮standard gear变位齿轮nonstandard gear, modified gear变位系数coefficient of offset变位offset正变位positive offset负变位negative offset正变位齿轮positive offset modified gear负变位齿轮negative offset modified gear不发生根切的最小变位系数smallest coefficient of offset to avoid undercutting 分度圆分离系数齿顶高降低系数无侧隙啮合方程分度圆分离方程基圆柱渐开面渐开螺旋面螺旋thread螺旋角helix angle左旋left-hand右旋right-hand法面normal plane端面transverse plane, plane of rotation法向参数normal parameter端面参数transverse parameter法向压力角normal angle端面压力角transverse angle法向模数normal module端面模数transverse angle法向基节normal base pitch端面基节transverse base pitch法向齿厚normal tooth thickness端面齿厚transverse tooth thickness法向齿顶高系数coefficient of normal addendum端面齿顶高系数coefficient of transverse addendum法向顶隙系数coefficient of normal radical clearance端面顶隙系数coefficient of transverse radical clearance 法向重合度normal contact ratio端面重合度transverse contact ratio当量齿轮equivalent spur gear当量齿数number of teeth of the equivalent spur gear 法向力normal force径向力radial force轴向力axial force人字齿轮herringbone gear螺旋齿轮crossed helical gear阿基米德蜗杆achimedes worm蜗杆直径系数quotient of warm diameter主截面main section螺纹升角lead angle直齿锥齿轮straight-tooth bevel gear曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear球面渐开线spherical involute轴角shaft angle齿顶圆锥face cone节圆锥pitch cone齿根圆锥root cone节锥角pitch cone angle锥距cone distance锥顶common apex顶锥角face angle根锥角root angle齿顶角addendum angel齿根角dedendum angle背锥back cone平面锥齿轮crown gear准双曲面锥齿轮hypoid gearChapter 8 Gear Trains 轮系及其设计轮系gear train定轴轮系ordinary gear train单式轮系simple gear train复式轮系compound gear train回归轮系reverted gear train周转轮系epicyclic gear train差动轮系differential gear train行星轮系planetary gear train混合轮系compound epicyclic gear train, combined gear train串联轮系tandem combined gear train封闭轮系closed combined gear train传动比angular velocity ratio, speed ratio太阳轮sun gear行星轮planet gear系杆planet carrier, arm转化机构inversion gear train, converted gear train轮系效率efficiency of gear train少齿差行星传动planetary gear train with small tooth difference摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel摆线齿轮cucloidal gear谐波传动harmonic drive波数number of wave波发生器wave generator刚轮rigid circular spline柔轮flex spline, flexible wheel惰轮idle gear平行齿轮传动parallel move gearing减速器reducerChapter 9 Introduction of Screws, Hook’s Couplings and Inermittent Mechanisms 螺旋机构、万向联轴器、间歇运动机构简介螺旋传动 screw drive螺旋机构 screw mechanism往复移动 rectilinear motion差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism滚珠螺旋机构 roller screw mechanism万向联轴器 universal joints, hook ’s coupling单万向联轴器 single universal joint十字叉 cross piece叉头 yoke双万向联轴器 double universal joints间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism自动机械 automatic machinery间歇转动 intermittent rotation棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘轮 ratchet wheel, ratchet棘爪 pawl无声棘轮 silent ratchet wheel槽轮机构 Geneva wheel mechanism锁紧盘 locking plate内槽轮机构 inverse Geneva wheel mechanism运动系数 action coefficient蜂窝煤机 beehive coal tool machine不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gear mechanism分度凸轮机构 indexing cam mechanism圆柱形分度凸轮机构 cylindrical cam indexing mechanism蜗杆形分度凸轮机构 worm-cam indexing mechanism(1) Gear Teeth FormingThere are many methods of forming the teeth of gears, such as shell molding, investment casting, permanent-mold casting, die casting, centrifugal casting. Gears can also be formed by using the power-metallurgy process or by using extrusion; a single metal bar can be formed and then sliced into gear. Usually gears are cut with either form cutters or generating cutters.(2) Advantages and Disadvantages of Helical GearsHelical gears are more expensive than spur gears but offer some advantages. They operate quieter than spur gears because of smooth and gradual contact between their angle surfaces as the teeth come into mesh. Spur gear teeth mesh along their entire face width at once; the sudden impact of tooth on tooth causes vibration. Also, for the same gear diameter and module, a helical gear is stronger due to the slightly thicker tooth form in a plane perpendicular to the gear axis.The one of the disadvantages of helical gear is that they produce an axial thrust force which is harmful to the bearings. Therefore, the helix angle is limited from οο15~8.When motion is to be transmitted between shafts which are not parallel, the spur gears can not be used. Two crossed-helical gears of the same hand can be meshed with their axed at an angle, the helix angles can be designed to accommodate any skew angle between the nonintersecting shafts.(3)Characteristics of Worm GearsWorm and worm gear are used to transmit motion between two shafts which are nonparallel, nonintersecting, usually at a shaft angles of90. The worm gears have many advantages, such as larger gear ratios, small package, carrying high loads. Perhaps the major advantage of the worm set is that it can be designed to be impossible to backdrive, that is to say, it can be designed as a self-locking worm set. Therefore, worm gears are most widely used in industry. The major disadvantages is that the efficiency is lower, usually at 40% to 85%. The friction loss may result in overhearing and serious wear.(4)Classification of Gear TrainsA gear train is a combination of gears used to transmit motion from one shaft to another. Even a single pair of gear is, strictly speaking, a gear train, though the term usually suggests that there are three or more moving gears. The gear train becomes necessary when it is required to obtain large speed ratio with a small space.Gear-box is used in automobile. There are many pairs of gears to transmit different motion. Quartz watch has gear trains in which the hour hand, minute hand and second hand rotate as their definite gear ratios to indicate the times.A gear train is any collection of two or more meshing gears, such as spur gears, bevel gears, worm gears and their combination of different kinds of gears. If all gear axes remain fixed relative to the frame, train is an ordinary gear train. If one of the gear axes rotates to the frame, this gear train is an epicycle gear train.The designer is frequently confronted with the problem of transferring power from one shaft to another while maintaining a definite ratio between the velocities of rotation of the shafts. Another requirement might be the transmission of a specified angular for this purpose, which will operate quietly and with very low friction losses. Smooth and vibrationless action is secured by giving the proper geometric shape to the outline of the teeth. The proportions of the gear tooth, as well as the sizes of the teeth, have been standardized. This procedure has simplified design calculations and has reduced the required number of cutting tools to a minimum. The proper material must be selected to obtain satisfactory strength, fatigue, and wear properties. Ease of manufacture and ease of inspection are necessary if production costs are to be kept at their lowest level. All these problems must be taken into account by the designer.滚动轴承Rolling bearing一、轴承滚动体rolling element保持架cage, retainer内圈inner ring外圈outer ring滚动轴承rolling bearing单列轴承single row bearing双列轴承double row bearing球轴承ball bearing深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing推力球轴承thrust ball bearing单列双向推力球轴承single row double-direction thrust ball bearing双列单向推力球轴承double row single-direction thrust ball bearing角接触轴承angular contact bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing滚子轴承roller bearing圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing滚针轴承needle roller bearing推力滚子轴承thrust roller bearing向心球轴承radial ball bearing角接触轴承angular contact bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing向心轴承radial bearing角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing单列深沟球轴承是球轴承中最普遍的种类，应用及其广泛。
机械设计简介中英文翻译
机械设计简介中英文翻译Mechanical design is the application of science and technology to devise new or improved products for the purpose of satisfying human needs. It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size, shape and construction details, but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture, marketing and use of the product.People who perform the various functions of mechanical design are typically called designers, or design engineers. Mechanical design is basically a creative activity. However, in addition to being innovative, a design engineer must also have a solid background in the areas of mechanical drawing, kinematics, dynamics, materials engineering, strength of materials and manufacturing processes.As stated previously, the purpose of mechanical design is to produce a product which will serve a need for man. Inventions, discoveries and scientific knowledge by themselves do not necessarily benefit people; only if they are incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived. It should be recognized, therefore, that a human need must be identified before a particular product is designed.机械设计简介机械设计是为了满足人类需要而制定出的新产品或者改进旧产品时对科学与技术的应用。
机械设计名词术语中英文对照表
机械设计名词术语中英文对照表燃点spontaneous ignition热平衡heat balance, thermal equilibrium人字齿轮herringbone gear冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom柔轮flexspline柔性冲击flexible impulse, soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system, FMS 柔性自动化flexible automation润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricantS三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw三档third gear三维凸轮three-dimensional cam三心定理Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽grinding wheel groove砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学design methodology设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance升程rise升距lift实际齿数actual number of teeth实际廓线cam profile实际啮合线段长度effective length of line of action十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling, Oldham‘s coupling 矢量vector输出功output work输出构件output link输出机构output mechanism输出力矩output torque输出轴output shaft输入构件input link数学模型mathematic model实际啮合线actual line of action双滑块机构double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant-velocity (or double) universal joint 双摇杆机构double rocker mechanism双转块机构Oldham coupling双列轴承double row bearing双向推力轴承double-direction thrust bearing松边slack-side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point四杆机构four-bar linkage速度velocity速度不均匀( 波动) 系数coefficient of speed fluctuation速度波动speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocityT塔轮step pulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sun gear弹簧[刚度]系数spring constant弹性滑动elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器elastic coupling, flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acme thread form特殊运动链special kinematic chain特性characteristics梯形螺纹；爱克米螺纹acme, acme thread替代机构equivalent mechanism调节modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承self-aligning ball bearing 调心轴承self-aligning bearing调速speed governing调速电动机adjustable speed motors 调速系统speed control system调压调速variable voltage control 调速器regulator, governor铁磁流体密封ferrofluid seal停车阶段stopping phase停歇dwell同步带synchronous belt同步带传动synchronous belt drive 凸的，凸面体convex凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism 凸轮机构cam , cam mechanism 凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove 退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeVV 带V beltW外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling, universal coupling 外齿轮external gear弯曲应力beading stress弯矩bending moment腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion往复式密封reciprocating seal网上设计on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagram位姿pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段steady motion period稳健设计robust design蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear涡圈形盘簧power spring无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices无穷大infiniteX系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡field balancing向心轴承radial bearing向心力centrifugal force相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹fine threads销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弹簧balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律modified trapezoidal acceleration motion修正正弦加速度运动规律modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear斜键、钩头楔键taper key泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear谐波传动harmonic driving谐波发生器harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear 心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality design, VRD虚约束redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress, permissible stress悬臂结构cantilever structure悬臂梁cantilever beam循环功率流circulating power load旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selectionY压力pressure压力中心center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling 雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器hydraulic couplers液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链generalized kinematic chain移动从动件reciprocating follower移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint移动凸轮wedge cam盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration应力图stress diagram应力—应变图stress-strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion 预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic precept design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation 运动粘度kenematic viscosityZ载荷load载荷—变形曲线load—deformation curve载荷—变形图load—deformation diagram窄V 带narrow V belt毡圈密封felt ring seal展成法generating张紧力tension张紧轮tension pulley振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正常齿高制system of normal addendum正公差positive allowrance正切机构tangent mechanism正向运动学direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构sine generator, scotch yoke织布机loom正应力、法向应力normal stress制动器brake直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直角三角形right triangle直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm直线运动linear motion直轴straight shaft质量mass质心center of mass执行构件executive link, working link质径积mass-radius product智能化设计intelligent design, ID中间平面mid-plane中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中心轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, end of contact周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent axial load 轴向当量静载荷static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic axial load rating 轴向基本额定静载荷basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact bearing轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearance轴向载荷axial load轴向载荷系数axial load factor轴向分力axial thrust load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mechanism转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed, rotating speed转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平衡balance of rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley, bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self-locking自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency, overall efficiency 组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum difference work between plus and minus work 纵向重合度overlap contact ratio纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanism最少齿数minimum teeth number最小向径minimum radius作用点application point；action spot ;application point ;point of ac tion ;working point作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frameG杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度stiffiness; rigidity; severity; toughness刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series高速档 a higher gear，top gear功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment 公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link, frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code 滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercuttingH函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment 合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force 黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks, shock-absorber 灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear trainJ积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanism机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machine design机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design, mechanical design 机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms 机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes 基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation 技术系统technique system棘爪pawl极限啮合点limit of action极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 极限位置extreme (or limiting) position计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩factored moment, calculation moment计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing, cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway检修门Access door交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing 角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch, pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener精加工余量allowance for finish精密度accuracy径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load 径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静密封static seal静平衡static balance静载荷static load局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanismK抗压强度compression strength 开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain 开链机构open chain mechanism 可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD 空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair 空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagramL雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket, sprocket-wheel, sprocket gear, chain wheel 联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling, shaft coupling两维凸轮two-dimensional cam邻角adjacent angle临界转速critical speed六杆机构six-bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design, design for environmentM马耳他机构Geneva wheel, Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load美国齿轮制造业协会AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers Association)铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计 design for product`s life cycle, DPLC名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨料磨损abrasive wear磨蚀剂abrasive磨损abrasion, wear, scratching, abrade末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective functionN耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)粘附adhere啮出engaging-out啮合engagement, mesh, gearing, action啮合点contact points啮合轨迹path of action啮合弧arc of action啮合角working pressure angle, angle of action 啮合曲面surface of action啮合区域zone of action啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point, solidifying point 扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramOO 形密封圈密封O ring sealP盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏( 心) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平衡balance平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality平衡平面correcting plane平衡质量balancing mass平衡重counterweight平衡转速balancing speed平面副planar pair, flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel keyQ其他常用机构other mechanism in common use起动阶段starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇异位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut切削精度cutting accuracy曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (torque)全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulator。
机械设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
机械设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译unavailable。
The first step in the design process is to define the problem and XXX are defined。
the designer can begin toXXX evaluated。
and the best one is XXX。
XXX.Mechanical DesignA XXX machines include engines。
turbines。
vehicles。
hoists。
printing presses。
washing machines。
and XXX and methods of design that apply to XXXXXX。
cams。
valves。
vessels。
and mixers.Design ProcessThe design process begins with a real need。
Existing apparatus may require XXX。
efficiency。
weight。
speed。
or cost。
while new apparatus may be XXX。
To start。
the designer must define the problem and XXX。
ideas and concepts are generated。
evaluated。
and refined until the best one is XXX。
XXX.XXX。
assembly。
XXX.During the preliminary design stage。
it is important to allow design XXX if some ideas may seem impractical。
they can be corrected early on in the design process。
【机械专业文献翻译】机械设计理论
Machine design theoryThe machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question.Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge.If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnelcarries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wronglyA good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority.Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method.In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process.Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagramand the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem:(1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability(2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products?(3) produces this kind of product is whether economical?(4) product service is whether convenient?(5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposalUsually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed thedesign is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method.Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customer''s aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material.Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designsusually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material.In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which useswith its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply.In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the productionmanufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes.The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence.In recent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performancedata is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material.Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity.May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。
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机械设计理论The machine design theoryThe machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question.Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge.If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphas ize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method.In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process.Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem:(1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability(2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products?(3) produces this kind of product is whether economical?(4) product service is whether convenient?(5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal.Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently.Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customer''s aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly.Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material.Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material.In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding.In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existingequipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply.In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes.The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence.In r ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material.Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs thepersonnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity.May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。