机械设计外文翻译中英文

机械设计外文翻译中英文
机械设计外文翻译中英文

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机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人

类需求的应用技术科形状和详细结构的基本主要研究产品的尺寸、学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域,构思,还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。机械设进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。还必须在机械制设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性,计是一项创造性的工作。材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。工程材料、图、运动学、发现和科技机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、如前所诉,知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处,只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效必须先确定人们是否需因而,应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前,益。要这种产品。系统分析应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决式更为重要。定的。另一方面,应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如,即使将一个小数点的位置放错,也会使正确的设计变成错误的。当新的方而且愿意承担一定的风险,一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法,所花费法不适用时,就使用原来的方法。因此,设计人员必须要有耐心,因为为要求屏弃许多陈旧的,的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计,一位机由于许多人墨守成规,这样做并不是一件容易的事。人们所熟知的方法。在此过程中应该认真选择原有械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法,的、经过验证的设计原理,将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生,之后,才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此,一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时,也就没如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法,伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是,有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。即使产不受各种约束。应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性,在设计的初始阶段,只有也会在设计的早期,生了许多不切实际的想法,即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。这样,才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常,要提出几套设计方案,然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中,采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。

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设计人员的基本职责是努心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。因为实际上并不存在着一个对力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作,所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。在开始另一个重要问题,设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。这一并得到批准。阶段,设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商,,需要解决般是通过口头讨论,草图和文字材料进行的。为了进行有效的交流下列问题:)所设计的这个产品

是否真正为人们所需要?(1 此产品与其他公司的现有同类产品相比有无竞争能力?2()生产这种产品是否经济?(3)产品的维修是否方便?(4)5)产品有无销路?是否可以盈利?(产品的设计、制造和销售只能在只有时间能对上述问题给出正确答案。但是,设计工程师还应该通过零件图和装配对上述问题的初步肯定答案的基础上进行。图,与制造部门一起对最终设计方案进行磋商。,在制造过程中会出现某个问题。可能会要求对某个零件尺寸或公差作一通常工程上的更改必须要经过设计人员批准,些更改,使零件的生产变得容易。但是,在产品的装配时或者装箱外运前的试验中才以保证不会损伤产品的功能。有时,总是存在着发现设计中的某种缺陷。这些事例恰好说明了设计是一个动态过程。更好的方法来完成设计工作,设计人员应该不断努力,寻找这些更好的方法。选择过程应该是一个对材料的工程材料的选择已经显得重要。此外,近些年来,而一些原有的材料的能够获得的数新材料不断出现,连续不断的重新评价过程。工人的健康及安全等方面经常会对材料的回收利用、量可能会减少。环境污染、可能会要求使用不同材料选择附加新的限制条件。为了减轻重量或者节约能源,对产品维修保养方便性要求的提高和顾客的反馈的材料。来自国内和国际竞争、由于材料选用不当造成的产等方面的压力,都会促使人们对材料进行重新评价。材料与材料加工之间的相互依赖关此外,品责任诉讼,已经产生了深刻的影响。为了能在合理的成本和确保质量的前提下获系已经被人们认识得更清楚。因此,确定和使用材设计工程师的制造工程师都必须认真仔细地选择、得满意的结果,料。..

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)a制造任何产品的第一步工作都是设计。设计通常可以分为几个明确的阶段:()生产设计。在初步设计阶段,设计者着重考虑cb)功能设计;(初步设计;(然后决定这种思想是否可行;通常要设想和考虑几个方案,产品应该具有的功能。关于材料在此阶段,如果可行,则应该对其中一个或几个方案作进一步的改进。如果没有的话,是否有性能符合要求的材料可供选择;选择唯一要考虑的问题是:是否有较大的把握在成本和时间都允许的限度内研制出一种新材料。在这个阶段要绘制出在功能设计和工程设计阶段,要做出一个切实可行的设计。通常要制造出样机或者实物模型,相当完整的图纸,选择并确定各种零件的材料。并对其进行试验,评价产品的功能、可靠性、外观和维修保养性等。虽然这种试验可能会表明,在产品进入到生产阶段之前,应该更换某些材料,但是,绝对不认真仔细地考虑能将这一点作为不认真选择材料的借口。应该结合产品的功能,所选用成本和可靠性。一个很有成就的公司在制造所有的样机时,产品的外观、这样对并尽可能使用同样的制造技术。的材料应该和其生产中使用的材料相同,公司是很有好处的。功能完备的样机如果不能根据预期的销售量经济地制造出则这种样机或者是样机与正式生产的装置在质量和可靠性方面有很大不同,来,选择和设计工程师最好能在这一阶段完全完成材料的分析、就没有多大的价值。在生产设计阶段材料的更因为,确定工作,而不是将其留到生产设计阶段去做。换是由其他人进行的,这些人对产品的所有功能的了解不如设计工程师。

使它们在生产设计阶段中,与材料有关的主要问题是应该把材料完全确定下来,而且材料的数量能够与现有的设备相适应,能够利用现有设备经济地进行加工,比较容易保证供应。经验表明,不可避免地会出现对使用中的材料做一些更改的

情况。在制造过程中,在进行生产以后改换在大多数情况下,可采用某些便宜材料作为替代品。然而,在设计阶段做好材料选择工材料要比在开始生产前改换材料所花费的代价要高。在生产制造开始后出现了可供使用的新材料是更可以避免多数这样的情况。作,换材料的最常见的原因。当然,这些新材料可能降低成本、改进产品的性能。但是,必须对新材料进行认真的评价,以确保其所有性能都满足要求。应当记住,大部分的产品失效和新材料的性能和可靠性很少像现有材料那样为人们所了解。没有真正了解它们的产品责任事故案件是由于在选用新材料作为替代材料之前,长期使用性能而引起的。..

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在材料过产品的责任诉讼迫使设计人员和公司在选择材料时,采用最好的程序。)不了解或者不会使用关于材料应用方面的最程中,五个最常见的问题为:(a未能预见和考虑擦黑年品可能的合理用途(如有可能,(b)新最好的信息资料;在近年来的设计人员还应进一步预测和考虑由于产品使用方法不当造成的后果。许多产品责任诉讼案件中,由于错误地使用产品而受到伤害的原告控告生产厂所使用的材料的数据不全或是有些数据不确定,尤其(c)家,并且赢得判决);由(e)(d)质量控制方法不适当和未经验证;是当其长期性能数据是如此的时候;一些完全不称职的人员选择材料。对通过对上述五个问题的分析,可以得出这些问题是没有充分理由存在的结论。尽管采用最好的材料这些问题的研究分析可以为避免这些问题的出现指明方向。设计人员和工业界按照适当的程序进行选择方法也不能避免发生产品责任诉讼,材料选择,可以大大减少诉讼的数量。特点和加工方法有选择材料的人们应该对材料的性质,从以上的讨论可以看出,一个全面而基本的了解。

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Machine design theory

The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product project involves the application technical science. It to meet the human need the

the shape and the size, the technology each domain, mainly studies the product detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question.

the designs be usually called kind of machine design work to Carries on each personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so and mechanics material, materials on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge.

If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the not itself certainly discovery and technical knowledge The product. invention, the necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product

Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using product formulation analysis and a ability creative the product design, the system manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in all on earnest be precisely carries other design a good needs. On the hand, should operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.

A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends A successfully. brings cannot endeavor and the time the certainly guarantee

brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly ..

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the explore should unceasingly matter. A mechanical designer is not an easy

the choose originally, the method, should earnestly improvement existing product process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.

Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not can are solved, and the question to expect, only has after these flaws been able

a Therefore, the product superiority. new manifest goods come into the market performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk.

Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method.

In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must the Has the comparison. of design proposals, then perform propose several sets

in certain not finally designated, has used very possibility much in the plan which plan some ideas which accepts.

How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process.

Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the on the preliminary the consultation have to carry on the exchange and to personnel design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through In on. carries the writing material and discussion, the oral the schematic diagram order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem:

is Whether people? there the need truly this designs (1) whether product does for competitive ability

(2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products?

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(3) produces this kind of product is whether economical?

(4) product service is whether convenient?

(5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?

Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the above the carry on to and the sale only can in product design, the manufacture should engineer also question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project consultation the drawing, carries on detail drawing and the assembly through the together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal.

Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to the causes some changes, or the common difference makes some components size components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to the damage guaranteed cannot the personnel to authorize, pass through designs product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing flaw. kind of in the design some then foreign shipment experiment only discovers These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better supposed to be work, designs the personnel method to complete the design unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method.

Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, again unceasing material the continuously the the choice process should be to appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials material pollution, reduce. The environmental can obtain the quantity possibly can recycling aspect and so on use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the or weight reduce the material. In order to of new limiting condition to the choice from material. Comes request the use different saves the energy, possibly can domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customer''s aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select profound the has already had when created the product responsibility lawsuit, processing the material and addition, the material between In influence.

can to in order clearly. known interdependence is already by the people Therefore, obtain

premise under reasonable in the and guarantees quality the cost the to

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satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material.

Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide (c) design; (b) functional explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; into several emphatically designer stage, the In the preliminary design production design. consider conceive and function. should have Usually must considered the product several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question the Whether has choice of material is: which only must consider about the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If the limit and the time in no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost develops one kind of new material.

In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, on. so service maintenance and reliability, the outward appearance and the the Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the cannot absolutely materials, but, front in of, should replace certain production base this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the outward appearance, product carefully considers the the the function, earnestly when the company achievement very much reliability. cost and the Has the manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with as far technology as uses same, and the similar manufacture in its production be function The to much the company. the possible. Like this has advantage very

volume sales the act according to anticipated cannot prototype complete if economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype engineer is best can completely complete the value. Project does not have the great material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production ..

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design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. I

material the completely determine with production design stage, is should n the related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply.

In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials the on will carry in the majority situation, in to take the substitute. However,

to production before the have in to start production later to change the material to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use Certainly, these is replaces the material the most common reason. the new material new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the The the people. such understood for hand reliable very few pictures materials on majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes.

company the the personnel and designs The product responsibility lawsuit forces when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most material the cannot use about (a) did not understand or questions common are:

to able not been information paper; (b) has the application aspect most newly best foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the the forecast and supposed further to to possibility, designs the personnel also be consequence. creates method not when consideration because product application

the wrongly uses because many products responsibilities lawsuit case, ecent years and factory, produces the accuse receives plaintiff which the product the injury to

are

some entire data the (c) the wins decision); uses material not perhaps data

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机械专业外文翻译(中英文翻译)

外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed,belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost.Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so.Nowadays,bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine).The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance.An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth,soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits.For load sharing on multiple drives.torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology,at present many more reliable.Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1.1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters.With a full-voltage starter design,the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive.Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors.With direct fu11-voltage starters.no control is provided for various conveyor loads and.depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements,empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load.The maintenance-free starting system is simple,low-cost and very reliable.However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque;therefore.they are

冲压模具技术外文翻译(含外文文献)

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机械毕业设计外文翻译---装载机发展概况

外文资料翻译 学生姓名: 专业班级:机械设计制造及其自动化04级2班指导教师: 2008年6月

装载机发展概况 Abstract This paper have discussed s.s. ZL-50 type fork-lift truck mainly overall fictitious prototype design as well as some kinds of typical schoolwork operating modes imitate and emulate , include equipment and the overall parts needed build mould. In this design course, have applied ADAMS software and the software of PRO/ENGINEER. ADAMS software is used in the emulation of some kinds of schoolwork operating modes, and the software of PRO/ENGINEER is used to build mould mainly. Through the simulated emulation for some kinds of overall schoolwork operating modes, can see relatively distinctly the overall possible condition in actual schoolwork course that met , can in time modify , have reduced actual design time , have raised production efficiency. The innovation of this design Zhi is in in, imitate and have emulated fork-lift truck the 3 kinds of typical schoolwork operating mode in actual schoolwork, is effect again have imitated in actual schoolwork the hydraulic impact of use, so when being helpful to solve actual loading, the actual problem of meeting the stock that is hard to uninstall can so raise production efficiency. Key words: Fork-lift truck 、fictitious prototype , build mould, emulation, optimization、production efficiency Loader Development China's modern 20 wheel loaders began in the mid-1960s of the Z435. The aircraft as a whole rack, rear axle steering. After years of hard work, the attraction was the world's most advanced technology wheel loader on the basis of the successful development of the power of 162 KW of shovel-fit wheel loaders, stereotypes for Z450 (later ZL50), and in 1971 December 18, formally appraised by experts. Thus the birth of China's first articulated wheel loader, thus creating our industry loader formation and development history. Z450-type loader with hydraulic mechanical transmission, power shift, Shuangqiaoshan drive, hydraulic manipulation, articulated power steering, gas oil Afterburner brake wheel loaders, and other modern, the basic structure of the world's advanced level for the time . Basically represent the first generation of wheeled loading the basic structure. The aircraft in the overall performance of dynamic, and insertion force a rise of power and flexibility, manipulation of light, the higher operating efficiency of a series of advantages. 1978, Heavenly Creations by the Department in accordance with the requirements of machinery, worked out to LIUGONG Z450-based type of wheel loaders series of standards. The development of standards, with reservations Z

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