英语阅读的微技能
培养学生“捕捉关键信息”的英语阅读微技能
培养学生“捕捉关键信息”的英语阅读微技能作者：陈婷婷来源：《教育实践与研究·中学课程版》2020年第04期摘要：在英语学习中，阅读能力是语言能力的一个重要方面。
任何一篇文章都要有主要信息structural information和次要信息information key words。
主要信息是文章的关键信息，是作者竭力想要传达给读者的信息，是文章的灵魂;次要信息是为主要信息服务的辅助性信息，对主要信息起进一步具体诠释和补充的作用。
关键词：中学英语;主要信息;次要信息;关键信息;思维品质中图分类号：G633.51 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-010X（2020）11-0060-02一、捕捉关键信息对于英语阅读的意义《义务教育英语课程标准》对初中阶段的英语阅读能力提出了明确的目标：能根据上下文的意思，推测生词的意义;能掌握所读材料的大意，抓住要点，获取关键信息;能在整体理解文章的基础上进行适当的推理和判断，领会作者的意图;能从各种媒体中获取基本信息。
二、捕捉关键信息的策略和方法首先，通过读题目，捕捉关键信息，理解文章的主旨大意。
其次，通过跳读，聚焦高复现的词语，捕捉关键信息，理解文章内容。
最后，精读环节，关注文章what、when、who、where、why、how關键信息，关注时间脉络或步骤变化顺序比如first、then、next等，理解文章结构和内容后，在此基础上，关注key information words等次要信息，进一步掌握和理解细节内容。
三、课堂教学课例人教新目标八年级上册Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake（2a-2e）Reading教学目标：学生能学会描述节日及相关食物的做法，理解中国和北美文化之间的不同。
教学设计：（一）教师带领学生唱拍手歌，导入今天的主题——感恩节。
歌词设计巧妙，把感恩节典型食物——火鸡、感恩节的意义、时间、庆祝方式融入其中，既起到热身作用，又能激发学生的学习兴趣、初步了解感恩节，为本课教学打下基础。
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中的有效渗透
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中的有效渗透在英语教学中，阅读是一个至关重要的技能。
通过阅读，学生可以扩大词汇量、提高阅读理解能力、增进对文化的理解等。
一些学生在阅读时可能会遇到困难，比如词汇量不足、阅读速度慢等。
针对这些问题，我们可以通过一些微技能来有效渗透教学，提高学生的阅读能力。
第一，词汇量扩展。
在阅读中，词汇是非常重要的。
如果学生对一些词汇不了解，就会影响对整个文章的理解。
所以，扩大词汇量是非常必要的。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些小技巧来帮助学生扩大词汇量，比如通过词根词缀来帮助学生记忆单词，通过词汇卡片来进行记忆等。
这些小技巧可以帮助学生更好地记忆和掌握词汇，从而提高阅读能力。
第二，阅读速度提升。
阅读速度影响着阅读的效率，而阅读效率又直接影响着对文章的理解。
所以，提升阅读速度是非常重要的。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些练习来帮助学生提升阅读速度，比如阅读计时，通过设置时间来要求学生在规定时间内完成阅读，逐步提高阅读速度。
通过阅读一些简单的文章来进行速读练习，也可以帮助学生提高阅读速度。
阅读理解能力。
阅读不仅仅是单纯地读懂文章，更重要的是理解文章的含义。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些小技巧来帮助学生提高阅读理解能力，如通过提问的方式来引导学生深入理解文章，通过让学生进行分段阅读，每段阅读完后进行思考总结等。
这些小技巧可以帮助学生更好地理解文章，提高阅读理解能力。
第四，文化背景了解。
在英语阅读中，很多文章都涉及到一些文化背景知识，而这些知识又对文章的理解起着至关重要的作用。
在教学中，老师可以通过一些小技巧来帮助学生了解英语国家的文化背景，比如通过观看视频、听音频等方式来了解英语国家的风俗习惯，通过阅读相关的文化背景知识来提高学生的文化素养。
这些小技巧可以帮助学生更好地理解文章，提高阅读理解能力。
阅读微技能在英语阅读教学中具有非常重要的作用。
通过这些微技能，可以帮助学生更好地理解文章，提高阅读速度，扩大词汇量等。
高中英语“三读”微技能阅读课课堂教学模式简介
高中英语“三读”微技能阅读课课堂教学模式简介1 高中英语“三读”微技能阅读课课堂教学法的提出（原因、背景）高中英语教学有听力课、说话课、阅读课、语法课、写作课等课型，不同的课型有不同的教学模式。
古人云：“读万卷书，行万里路。
”哲人也说：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。
”余秋雨说：“阅读的最大理由是想摆脱平庸，早一天就多一份人生的精彩，迟一天就多一天平庸。
”英语阅读可以扩大学生的知识面，英语阅读可以提高学生对语言的兴趣，英语阅读还可以扩大词汇量，英语阅读可以增加学生对该国家的文化背景的了解。
通过大量的英语阅读，可以形成良好的语感。
历年高考英语阅读占到70%的份额。
因此，让学生体验阅读的快乐，养成终生阅读的良好习惯，是我们英语阅读课堂所要研究和追求的目标。
阅读教学是我国高中英语教学最普通的课型，但传统阅读教学存在以下问题：1.1 偏重语法教学，学生缺乏阅读兴趣。
教师只是利用阅读教材将所要讲解的语法、词汇一一呈列在学生面前，将完整而有意义的文章分解成若干个零散的知识点传授给学生。
在整个教学过程中，学生始终处于被动状态。
学生的学习主体性受到了严重的约束和压制。
从而对阅读课的教学不感兴趣甚至产生厌倦情绪。
1.2 囫囵吞枣式的阅读教学。
与上述情况恰好相反，另外一部分教师要求学生先阅读文章，再完成课后的相关问题，最后教师在全班校对答案正误，一堂阅读教学课就结束了。
1.3 问题的设计缺乏层次性，不能有效的检测阅读效果。
课堂内我们经常看到的课文阅读题是以下两种：①以Who /What /When /Where 提出的问题；②回答Yes /No，True /False 的判断题。
教师利用这些问题采用一问一答的方式组织课堂教学，无法将学生引入到对课文的深层次理解。
根据教育部最近颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》的要求，高中英语教学应着重培养学生以下几方面能力：在人际交往中得体地使用英语的能力，用英语获取和处理信息的能力，用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力以及批判性思维能力。
2021届 高考英语阅读微技能突破：推理判断：2020全国卷易错题+对点练习 含答案
2021年高考英语阅读微技能突破：推理判断2020全国卷易错题+对点练习项目二：基于错题重做：2020真题阅读（二）推理判断题学生版：1、（2020全国卷1 ）文章大意：这是一篇说明文。
短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight....24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.教师版：(正确答案：D）一、词汇重点familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；亲密suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑transformative adj. 变化的，变形的lie in在于…mental register心理状态a give and take 互相交换pull one's weight 尽自己本分；尽职责，做好自己的工作二、句子结构分析There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.主干：There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion.分析：that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship中that引导同位语从句。
教学设计方案(人教版英语九年级阅读理解技巧)
人教版英语九年级中考重点题型之阅读理解兴国县第五中学赖清芳阅读理解题型阅读理解题型: 1.细节理解题 2. 推理判断题 3.主旨归纳题 4.词义猜测题阅读理解微技能一、细节理解题1、Question forms1）疑问句式: 以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
2）是非题的形式: 常含true (except)，not right/correct (except)等词语。
3）不完整的陈述句式: To keep healthy，people are advised ________.2、Answering skills1）直接查找细节A. Visit MikeB. Give Mike a callC. Write to MikeD. Send Mike an email62. How much does it cost to join the photography club?A. ₤15B. ₤8C. ₤3D. Free2）在文中找出相应的句子，通过间接转述得出答案。
63. Which of the following is true according to the ads above?A. You are sure to get a camera to join the photography club.B. Talent is the most important for actors in the theatre group.C. The running groups have running competitions every Wednesday.D. Actors must take part in the theatre group’s activities twice a week.3）在文中找出相应的句子，多点归纳。
B1 In 2007, Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world. He was just 23 years old—and he built the plane himself. How did he achieve this?2 Irving’s interest in flying started when he was 15. He was working in his parents’ bookstore in Miami, Florida. One of the customers was a pilot, Gary Robinson. One day, Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying. Irving didn’t think he was smart enough. But the next day, Robinson took Irving to an airport. He showed Irving inside the cockpit (驾驶舱) ofa Boeing 777. That experience changed Irving’s life.3 Irving really wanted to fly, but flight school was expensive. To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs. He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools. At home, he practiced flying on a video game. In the end, he got enough money for flight school.4 At flight school, Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly. But he wasn’t finished. Next, he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world.5 Building the plane was difficult. Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts. Most said no, but he persisted (顽强地坚持) in asking. Three years later, he had parts worth $ 300,000. Columbia, an airplane company, agreed to build a plane using the parts. Soon, his airplane was ready to fly.6 On March 23，2007, Irving began his round -the -world trip. After 97 days—with 145 hours in the air—he landed backin Miami. A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him.7 Irving saw many young people in the crowd, and this had a powerful effect (影响) on him. He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams.8 “Everyone told me what I couldn’t do，"says Irving. “They said I was too young, that I didn’t have enough money. But even if no one believes in your dream,” he says, “you have to pursue (追求) it."65. Put the events about Irving in the correct order.a. Irving got the parts for his plane.b. Irving flew around the world.c. Irving met Gary Robinson.d. Irving learned to fly.A. c-d-a-bB. c-a-d-bC. b-c-a-dD. b-c-d-aD1 How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century.2 As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people ’s in the other group.3 The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks.4 Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai (迪拜)，for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea(韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature.73. Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer.①the USA②Dubai③Switzerland ④South Koreaa. Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside.b. About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year.c. A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built.d. 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.A. ①—a ②—d ③—b ④—cB. ①—d ②—c ③—a ④—bC. ①—a ②—c ③—d ④—bD. ①—d ②—c ③—b ④—a3、Summary细节理解和细节判断题解题技巧：Skimming(寻读法)1.细心审题，直接就题找答案；2.变通理解，间接转述找答案；3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案二、推理判断题1、Question forms1) The passage implies (暗示) that_______.2) We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.3) What can we infer (推论) according to the passage?4) What can we know about…from the passage?5) What does the writer think of…?2、Practice(B篇) 64. Why was Gary Robinson important in Irving’s life?A. He got Irving interested in flying.B. He sent Irving to a flight school.C. He helped Irving build a plane.D. He taught Irving how to fly.(B篇) 66. What can we know about Irving’s personality according to the passage?A. Clever and honest.B. Humorous and responsible.C. Polite and powerful.D. Hard-working and persistent.C1. Some people ski (滑雪) down mountains. Others climb huge rocks or photograph dangerous animals. Why do people enjoy risky activities like these?2. Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good. Psychologist (心理学家) Marvin says that this kind of explorers (探险者) are always looking for change and excitement. When people do something new or risky, a chemical (化学物质) in the brain creates a pleasant feeling. They love this feeling and want to experience it as often as possible.3. Other people don’ t take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal. For example, Mike Fay went on a dangerous 2,000 -mile special journey in central Africa. He worked to help save the wildlife there. Fay’s expeditions helped create 13 national parks.4. For other people, such as extreme athletes (极限运动员), taking risks is part of their job. Sports psychologist Shane says extreme athletes see the world differently. In a dangerous activity, most people probably do not feel in control. Extreme athletes are different: they feel in control in dangerous situations. The danger can even help them. For example, skier Daron Rahlves says that being afraid makes him try harder to succeed.5. Most of us are not extreme athletes or explorers. However, we still take risks in our lives. Some of us take social risks, such as speaking in front of a large group of people. Sometimes, we take financial risks, such as buying a house. And sometimes we take career risks, such as leaving a job or starting a business. Most people take risks in some areas of life, but not in others. What kind of risk-taker are you?68. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The brain.B. Something new.C. A chemical.D. A pleasant feeling3、Summary推理判断解题技巧：Guessing and Inferring(猜测和推断)如何推测文章的观点或结论★ 答题窍门：这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。
高中英语：推断写作手法-阅读微技能训练(原版卷)
阅读微技能训练---推断写作手法（一）【典型例题1】(2018年河南天一大联考D)When you receive a vaccine(疫苗), you are injected with a weak strain of a virus, to support the development of resistance to something much more severe that you might meet down the road. Similarly, self-doubt is a process by which you can see opportunities for failure ahead of time, but also the possibilities of facing and defeating it. Self-doubt prepares you against the things that might ruin you later on.1.How is this paragraph developed?A. By listing examplesB. By making comparisonsC. By making classifications.D. By analyzing cause and effect.【典型例题2】(2015年安徽E)Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity（兴旺）in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.2. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ___________.A. using examplesB. making comparisonsC. analyzingD. describing processes【典型例题3】（2019年河北衡水中学七调）W e put all these plastics into the environment and we still don’t really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics ona regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.3.How did the author support his opinion in this paragraph?A. He presented statistics.B. He cited quotes from leading experts.C. He used examples from his own experience.D. He used the strategy of comparison and contrast.passage 4 (2018年聊城一模B)With golden sunshine and a gentle breeze (微风), autumn is the most beautiful seasons in the year. This is a great time to go outside and have fun. Go to a valley to see red maple trees, go and pick fruit in an orchard or find an open field to fly your kite in.However, for many high school students, these great activities may be just a dream. With plenty of work to do, they spend all their hours indoors, struggling for a high mark in their exams. Of course, study is one of the most important things for teenagers. But life is definitely much more than that.Sometimes we spend so much time studying that we forget how to make life wonderful. In doing so, we lose the real purpose of life —to be a valuable and happy person. To enjoy just how great it is to be alive, we have to put down our books and pens and look around us. Students, take some exercise to improve your health, talk with your parents and friends for understanding and walk around outside to refresh (振作) your body and mind.Going out and enjoying the beautiful countryside often helps our creativity in our work. Chinese craftsman, Lu Ban created a saw to help woodworkers. But if he hadn't walked outside, he would not have been inspired by a kind of toothed (锯齿状的) grass. We could also suppose if Newton hadn't rested under that apple tree, then he wouldn't have been hit by an apple, and his classic (经典的) theories would not have come out.Going out is not only a break from hard work, but a chance to add to life experience. So come on, give your brain a good rest. Step out of the books and get your bag ready for an autumn outing. We are sure you will get much more than knowledge from the exciting journey.1. In which paragraph does the writer make a summary about his opinion?A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 4.2.Why is going out a dream for many high school students?A．They are unhappy to do so.B．Their parents don’t allow them to do so.C．They have too much work to do for getting high marks in the exams.D．They think study is the most important thing for them.3.Which of the following ISN’T the reason for high school students’ going out?A．To improve their health. B．To invent a new product.C．To develop their creativity. D．To refresh themselves.4.The passage is developed mainly by______________.A. describing the beautiful scenery in AutumnB. pointing out the present situation of high school studentsC. making predictions (做预测)D. reasoning and giving examples5.What can you learn from the passage?A. We should take an optimistic attitude towards life.B. Nature is power.C. Going out can make high school students get more.D. The author isn’t happy with our education at all.1/ 1。
英语阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧
阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧教学目标➢ 1. 通过文章中的关键词、句，把握语篇的内容、主旨、作者的观点、态度及意图等。
➢ 2. 让学生掌握一定的阅读理解的解题技巧，提高学生分析问题、解决问题和综合运用英语语言的能力。
➢ 3.培养学生自主学习能力；让学生获得成功感的同时增强对英语阅读的信心。
1.考察写作目的的设问方式（1）考查整篇文章的写作目的The writer writes this passage in order to _____.T he writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The purpose of this article is to …The passage is intended to…(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.2.常见的写作意图⑴整篇文章的写作意图：to persuade readers to buy something; 说服读者接受某种观点to sell a product or a service; 推销一种产品﹑一种服务to attract more visitors / readers / audience(旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍)(让读者得到某种启示或教育)to inform readers of some information（告知读者某些信息）⑵某处的写作意图文章的开头：作者在文章开头提出问题一般是为了让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关to draw the readers’ attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion）三.. 标题类主旨大意题1.标题的设问方式①The best title / headline for this passage is②The text could be entitled …2. 选择标题的原则①新颖性原则，能够吸引眼球。
初中英语中考题型攻略题型二《阅读理解(练)》
题型二 阅读理解
文章详见《面对面》 • P208 Paragraph 8
8. The word “hazardous” in this paragraph probably means “ C ”.
A. wet
B. common
C. dangerous
D. burnable
题型二 阅读理解
方法 3 通过同义词或近义词猜测词义 Paragraph 9（2019广东省卷阅读B节选）
c. challenging.
d. boring.
题型二 阅读理解 阅读微技能2 词（组）义猜测（每年D篇必考1道）
方法 1 根据上下文语境猜测词义 Paragraph 5（2019云南阅读A节选）
Parents are selfless（无私的）. They even make great sacrifices to
Matt Lamb could have been one of those people. In 1987， Matt owned and ran his own restaurant in Chicago. But that year， a doctor told Matt that he had a cancer. So he closed the restaurant a year later and pursued his true passion（激情）—painting. Soon， Matt’s art drew national attention. 7. The underlined word “pursued” in this paragraph means “___A____”. A. took up B. put up C. gave up D. woke up
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对学生英语阅读的微技能培养对学生英语阅读的微技能培养：在阅读教学过程中教师应把注意力集中在培养学生的阅读能力上,指导学生有意识地运用阅读策略, 帮助学生掌握阅读技能, 培养学生阅读的动力和能力, 激发自主阅读的兴趣, 让学生有自主选择权, 让学生成为阅读的主体。
阅读是获取英语语言知识和训练基本技能的主要途径。
掌握一定的阅读微技能并适时、适当、适量对之进行评价, 是提高英语阅读水平, 进一步提高英语学习的重要途径。
阅读的微技能包括: 扫描的技能、领会大意、绕过生词理解文章涵义、发现事实、把握顺序、利用语境、归纳总结和学会推测等能力。
教师应充分考虑各项阅读微技能的配置问题, 在指导学生阅读时, 将发展阅读各项微技能的顺序考虑进去, 按照一定的顺序首先发展难度较低的微技能, 然后进阶到难度较高的微技能,最后实现各种微技能的综合运用。
这样, 学生的阅读能力才能真正发展起来。
学生的阅读微技能培养包括:一、预测能力的训练与评价教师可在课堂教学的具体活动中训练学生的这一主动思考的能力。
可操作的方法有: 通过读前活动将学生引入特定的情景中, 找出阅读定位; 通过标题或关键词启发学生已有的相关背景知识; 也可以在读完一段后预测作品的其余内容, 或在读完作品的大部分后续写结尾。
在学生仔细阅读一篇文章之前, 可以让他们猜想一下会在文章中读到那些内容。
比如一些和文章题目相关的专业知识是否可以帮助他们预测文章中可能包含的内容。
看完题目, 可以想一下关于这个题目学生知道多少, 不知道多少。
或者可以设想一些看完文章后学生是否能够回答的问题。
这些准备可以帮助他们更快、更准确地确定文章的主旨。
Ex ample: How to Give a Good Speech? 根据标题我们就可猜测该篇是有关演讲技巧的文章。
Ex ample: The students are good at reading and writing , but when it comes to listening speaking , it is another case. 根据but 这个词我们可以预测到学生在听说能力上存在着困难。
二、浏览浏览就是将文章快速地读一遍然后找到文章的主旨。
文章的下列部分应该值得注意: 标题、副标题、有关作者的细节、摘要、介绍性的段落、每一段的第一、二句话和最后一句话。
关注这些部分可以使你了解文章的主旨, 对文章有一个总体而非细节的了解。
这种阅读方法可以被描述为快速地看一本书、一个章节或一篇文章等, 来决定它是否符合你的要求。
三、扫描扫描和浏览不同, 扫描是为了寻找某些特定的词句而不是文章的整体, 关注的是细节而非主旨。
当你阅读一篇文章时, 你可能仅仅想找一个百分数或者某个特定历史时间的发生时间, 而不是这篇文章的主旨。
扫描可以帮你更有效地找到这些信息。
四、详细的阅读第二遍和第三遍阅读文章的时候, 应该注意次要的主旨和那些支持、解释和发展主旨的细节部分。
这也可以说是更加全面的阅读, 一个更慢更认真的阅读过程。
这一阶段你可以试着猜一下不熟悉的单词的意思。
五、培养猜词能力教师应使学生认识到根据上下文推断词义的重要性。
猜词的具体方法有: 利用构词法来辨认同义词、反义词; 利用关联词在文中的作用进行逻辑推断, 把握其在语篇层次上所起的连接、指代、反证等作用, 从而提高语篇分析能力。
通常你不太可能认识一篇文章中所有的单词, 尤其是在读第一遍的时候,你可以利用上下文和自己所拥有的专业知识来猜测这些单词的意思。
在你第一遍阅读文章的时候, 最好不要停下来查字典, 这会打断你的阅读进程和理解。
通常随着阅读的进行, 你会理解这些原本不认识的单词和短语。
字典将在后面的阶段使用。
在利用上下文猜测单词意思的时候, 要先参考离该单词最近的内容, 再逐渐扩大到更大的范围。
最近的内容就是该单词所在的句子, 或者是这个句子的前后两个句子。
更大的范围包括该段落的其他句子甚至该文章的其他段落。
这些内容都可以为你猜测单词提供重要的信息。
如: Among all the malig nancies, lung cancer is the big gest killer : mo re t han 100, 000 Amer icans die of this disease each year. 根据lung cancer is the bigg est killer 这句可以猜出ma.. lignancies 是malignancy 的复数形式, lung cancer 是绝症, 属于malignancies 中的一种, 因此malig nancies 是恶性肿瘤。
六、把握中心意思你应该练习识别包含在文章中的中心意思。
在扫描的过程中你可能已经确认了一些中心意思, 在读第二和第三遍的时候, 你可以更加全面地理解它们。
文章的每个段落都包含一个中心意思, 它们往往都涉及到段落的主题。
阅读材料所提供的练习会帮助你确定和理解文章的中心意思。
判断一篇文章的重要性和是否满足你的需要, 理解中心意思是非常重要的,同时你也可以理解文章的结构。
Ex ample:Afternoo n teais now part o f o rdinary life fo r many people in Brita in. What co uld be better than inviting a few f riends and making them after no on tea on a sunny afternoon?本段只有两句话, 句句在谈论英国的下午茶, 所以本段的to pic 就是afterno on tea.七、推断有时作者在文章里的表达并不是直接的, 作者会暗示一些东西并把它留给读者去推断和理解。
当作者这样做时, 它需要读者有一定的知识面比如专业或文化方面的知识。
推断作者的意图在理解一篇文章的过程中有时是很重要的。
八、理解文章的结构文章的结构有很多种, 把握这些结构可以帮助学生更好地理解文章。
比如作者希望着重指一种情况, 讨论一个问题或者计划一个解决方案, 往往都会使用特殊的文章结构。
或者作者想要比较两种观点, 那么就会从两种适用的文章结构中来选择一种。
与文章结构有关的另一个特征是作者对时间的运用。
如果描写一系列的事件或者一个过程, 作者往往会使用时间顺序, 事件会在它们发生的时间被叙述。
也有一些作者会用其他的方法来叙述这样的一系列事件, 比如用过去和现在对比的方法。
九、确定作者的意图一旦理解了文章的结构, 学生会更清楚地理解作者的意图。
文章的结构会受到作者意图的影响, 作者的意图可能是告知或者劝说, 他会根据他的意图来为文章选择一种结构或风格。
作者也可能在一篇文章中体现两种意图告知和劝说,在这种情况下最好确定哪种意图是作者的主要意图。
十、评价作者的态度作者在文章中所表现的态度并不一定是中立的或者客观的, 尤其是在他们试图说服读者同意他们的意见时。
理解作者的态度和文章的主旨或者提供的信息之间的关系就显得尤为重要。
这是因为, 作者的态度会影响文章中信息的表达方式。
你应该着眼于确定作者态度的方法, 以及评价作者态度是保持中立还是带有偏见。
学生阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的动态的过程。
在阅读教学过程中教师应把注意力集中在培养学生的阅读能力上,指导学生有意识地运用阅读策略, 帮助学生掌握阅读技能, 培养学生阅读的动力和能力, 激发自主阅读的兴趣, 让学生有自主选择权, 让学生成为阅读的主体。
同时, 制定一定的测试性评价试题, 辅助英语阅读教学, 训练学生阅读水平, 检测阅读效果与教学效果, 改进教师教学方法, 使英语阅读的教与学朝着良性方向发展, 从而最终达到实现终身英语学习的目的。
书籍目录：Part I Word Guessing猜词Unit 1 Guessing Word from Cause and Result通过原因与结果关系猜词Unit 2 Guessing Word from Comparison and Contrast通过比较与对照的关系猜词Unit 3 Guessing Word from Synonym and 'Antonym通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词Unit 4 Guessing Word from Word Formation通过构词法猜词Unit 5 Guessing Word from Definition and Explanation通过定义和解释猜词Unit 6 Guessing Word from Description and Exemplification通过描述和例证猜词Part II Skimming for General Ideas捕捉中心思想Unit 1 Skimming for Topic Sentences捕捉主题句Unit 2 Skimming for Key Words捕捉关键词. Unit 3 Skimming for Titles捕捉标题Unit 4 Skimming for Main Ideas of Paragraphs捕捉段落大意Unit 5 Skimming for Main Ideas of the Articles捕捉文章中心思想Part III Scanning for Specific Information扫读具体信息Unit 1 Scanning for Numbers扫读数字Unit 2 Scanning for Certain Facts扫读特定事实Unit 3 Scanning for Logic Clues扫读逻辑提示Unit 4 Scanning for Chronological Order扫读时间顺序Unit 5 Scanning for Spatial Order扫读空间顺序Unit 6 Scanning for Relative lmportance扫读主次顺序Part IV Careful Reading for Deeper Meaning研读深层含义Unit 1 Careful Reading for Writer's Auitude研读作者意图Unit 2 Careful Reading for Implied Meaning揣摩寓意Unit Careful Reading for lnference研读时注意推断Unit Careful Reading for Conclusion研读作者结论Part V Background Knowledge Finding and Using寻找和使用背景知识Unit 1 Searching for Background lnformation扫读背景信息Unit 2 Understanding Charts，Diagrams，Signs and Notes理解表格、图表、标志和通告Unit 3 Understanding Hidden Messages with the Help of Background Knowledge 通过背景知识理解隐藏含义Unit 4 Understanding Humours and Jokes with the Help of Background Knowledge 通过背景知识理解幽默。