英语音标：字母组合th的读音规则总结
英文字母及字母组合发音规律
5.-ild [aild] child ; wild
6.-ind [aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但 window[ind])
7.-ing [iŋ] king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making
2.ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday
3.al+绝大多数辅音字母 [ɔ:]
small ; wall ; call ; 或[ɔ: l] also ; always *al后面是k时，只发[ɔ:] talk ; walk ；chalk *al+f或m时，al发[a:] half ; calm *-al在词尾非重读[（ə）l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音 在后[æ l])
10.-ist[i s t] 例： list ; fist ;
(四)元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时[əu] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad *-oar在重音时[ɔ:] 例：blackboard ;
2.-oi，-oy在重音时[ɔi] *-oy 例：boiler ; point ; join ; oil .*-oi 例：boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal
8.-(a)tion [(ei) ʃn] nation ; pronunciation ; information ； *-stion [tʃn] question *-sion [ʃn]或[ʒn] mission使命 ; precision精密
字母组合th的发音规律教案20
妙招名称字母组合th的发音规律
妙招针对的重难点问题学段学科教材版本章节
针对的
重难点问题名称
小学英语译林版四字母组合th的发音规律
背景介绍介绍妙招生成的背景，针对工作中的什么困惑？
英语学习不像母语，缺乏使用的时间和空间，孩子对于发音只是单纯地建立在跟老师读，跟录音读的基础上，却不明白为什么这么读，导致事倍功半。
因此，为了提高孩子学习的主动性和能动性，教师应该“授之以渔”。
妙招描述详细描述您的妙招是什么，如何准备？
字母组合th的发音分类：
1.在th后以字母组合-er结尾的单词中，th ，比如father,together。
2.一般情况下，在代词、冠词、介词、连词或副词中的字母组合读，比如with,these,therebefore,the。
3.字母组合th在数词中读，比如three,third,thirteen,fourth。
4.除上述词之外，一般位于词首的读
5.以th结尾的单词，读，比如truth,both,wealth。
6.在复核词中，th的读音与在原词中的读音相同，比如something,anything,nothing.
实施过程介绍妙招在课堂中的使用方法（如什么时机使用，教师应注意什么）
对于孩子来说，音标的学习不是一朝一夕就能学会，教师应该将音标教学渗透在平时的教学过程中，不要心急，慢慢地引导孩子去认识，去学会。
就算孩子刚接触英语，什么都不明白，我们也要坚持着做，只有坚持，才有收获的那一天。
重难点妙招设计单。
辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音规则总结
辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音规则总结字母组合ble：读[bl] 如：'able，'table，'possible，字母c：通常情况下，读[k] 如：cap，cup，cold，clothes，在e，i，y之前，读[s] 如：nice，'city，'bicycle，也有少数读[∫]如：'ocean，'special，'precious，字母组合ch：通常情况下，读[t∫]如：teach，child，change，chair，也有少数读[k] 如：school，'chemical，'headache，字母组合ck：读[k] 如：'quickly，cock，back，pick.字母组合cle：读[kl] 如：' uncle，'circle，'bicycle，字母组合deg：读[d3] 如：bridge，judge，'knowledge，字母g：通常情况下，读[g] 如：get，big，game，bag，有时，在e，i，y之前，读[d3] 如：'danger，'energy，engi'neer.字母组合ge：在词尾时读：[d3] 如：age，change，'village，huge，字母组合gh：在词尾时读[f] 如：langh，cough，e'nough有时读不发音，如：light，thought，caught字母组合gn：读[n]，如：sign，de'sign，cam'paign，字母j：通常情况下，读[d3] 如：job，'july，jar，just.字母组合kn：读[n] 如：know，knife，knee，knit，字母n：通常情况下，读[n] 如：not，kind，line，son.在g，k之前，或在[k]音之前，读[η] 如：sing，young，wrong，thing，也有少数读：[ηg] 如：'english，'england，'language，字母组合nk：读[ηk] 如：tank，ink，think，bank，字母组合ph：读[f] 如：'photo，'telephone，'physics.字母组合ple：在词尾读[pl] 如：'apple，'people，ex'ample.字母组合qu：读[kw] 如：quick，'quiet，'question，字母s：在清辅音后，读[s] 如：works，stops，books，roofs.在浊辅音后，读[z] 如：boys，years，'teachers，songs，字母组合sc：在e，i之前，读[s] 如：'science，scent，'scissor，字母组合sh：读[∫] 如：fish，she，wash，sheep，字母组个sion：在词尾元音之后，读[3n] 如：con'clusion，in'vasion，字母组合ssion：在词尾读[∫n] 如：ex'pression，dis'cussion，字母组合stle：在词尾读[sl] 如：'castle，' whistle，'rustle，字母组合tal：在词尾读[tl] 如：'capital，'hospital，字母组合tain：在词尾读[tn] 如：'britain，'certain，字母组合th：在虚词，或一部分代词中，读[e] 如：with，the，they，then，though，在实词中，读[θ] 如：three，bath，think，youth，字母组合tion：读[∫n] 如：'nation，'station，'dictionary，字母组合tle：在词尾读[tl] 如：'gentle，'battle，'bottle,字母组合ture：读[t∫ε] 如：'picture，'nature，'mixture，字母组合tch:读[t∫] 如：catch，watch，'kitehen，字母组合wh：通常情况下，读[w] 如：when，white，wheat，where，在o之前，读[h] 如：who，whose，whole，whom，字母组合wr：读如：write，wrong，wrist，字母x：在词尾，或在清辅音之前，读[ks] 如：six，box，text，'exercise，在两个元音之间，而重音在后一个元音上时，读[gz] 如：e'xam，e'xample，e'xactly.字母y：在词首读[j] 如：yes，yet，year，your.26个英文字母中，元音字母有5个:A,E,I,O,U: 剩下的字母都叫做辅音字母。
英语字母组合发音规律总结
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seekeat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean pleasehe she mepiece receive ceiling2) [i] 发音字母i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious3) [] 发音字母abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man4) [e] 字母组合ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third birdturn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world6) [ε] 字母组合er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasurefamiliar collar dollartogether tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite aro und account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listenfamulus Saturday7) [a:] 字母组合ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm8) [] 发音字母u o ou ooup supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love abovetrouble rough flourishblood flood9) []字母组合al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walkshort more lord horse for forty sport door floor storeauthor caught autumnfour mourn court boughtwarm quarrel quarter10) [] 发音字母o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash11) [u:] 字母组合oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full12) [u] 字母组合oo ou u olook good foot bookshould couldput full bull pull pushwomen whose13) [ei] 发音字母a ay ea ai eyname cake late gate plane Aprilplay say may waygreat breakrain paint plainthey grey14) [ai] 发音字母i ybike fine find die nine light night highmy try fly eye15) [au] 字母组合ou owhouse out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town16) [εu] 发音字母o ow oahome cold go no phone host ghostknow low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) [] 字母组合oy oiboy toy joyoil soil voice choice18) [iε] 字母组合eerbeer deer ear idea near here fierce19) [] 字母组合ear airpear bear chair air fair care there where20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower2 容易混淆的元音[A] [e]bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said[i：] [ei]real rail greet great mean main read raid[e] [ai]bet bite red write said side head hide[aU] [R：]house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q]found fond down done gown gone town ton3辅音1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push2) [b] book big boot bike bread break3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)school schedule schema (字母组合ch)6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junksing king morning evening10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag blackworld cold could goal soul11) [r] read red right run room write12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wifecough laugh rough physic photo phone13) [v] very evening even every voice vestof14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)15) [z] zoo zebra zero zapclose nose hose suppose pause those whose16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth17) [T] that this those these though18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush washnation attention stationsocial specialsure19) [V] pleasure20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who21) [w] when what where window wind wood22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridgejoy enjoy join July June junk25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods4容易混淆的辅音[v] [w]vest west vet wet vine wine very well[s] [W]sink think mass math miss myth sort sought[z] [T]close cloth breeze breathe[n] [N]thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing添加一点:9) []字母组合al or au our ar awsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walkshort more lord horse for forty sport door floor storeauthor caught autumnfour mourn court boughtwarm quarrel quarterdraw saw flaw23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）catch watch match （字母组合tch)5 字母，组合音节发音规律1）a [ei] [æ] [[] [a:] [R]late private grade bake grape nation station pageactive hand bank fan parent family glad flagaccept about above formative machine cinemafast last glass class past fatherwash what watch want2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不发音appreciate extremely secret she me heletter left message generate pebbledecide pretty previous result restoreproblem prosperous student confidentactive table late wife store lecture3）i [ai] [i]high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancécity unit 4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]lode host cold note okay old homelose do who whose provelove some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]university refuse unique universe hugeput push pull full bullbut brush bucket duck bubblesupport suggest6）c [k] [s]country camp camera courage cablecity ceiling celebrate cell cease7）g [g] [dV] [N]girl grade glass glade bag flagvillage vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening8) l [l] 读音不同listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal9) n [n] [N]moon night noodle numberuncle hungry angry young10) r [r] [[](美语发音)right read write grade progresscard board door floor form north11）y [j] [i] [ai]yellow year yell young yolkuniversity country pretty happydyke dying fly buy by my12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]farm card garden markdollarwarm quarrel quarter13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great breakidea realize14) ear [[:] [i[]learn earth earn heardhear near clear ear fear15) er [[:] [[] [i[]deserve serve her personteacher driver anger singerserious experience mysterious fierce 16）ere [i[] [Z[]here mere fere serethere17) ir [[:] [ai]shirt girl skirtadmire desire18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]room tool cool moon noon goof foodgood foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flooddoor floor19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]short form corn born forwork world worm word worsttractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ R:] [J[]door floormoor poor boor21) our [J[] [R:]hour tour flour bourn lourpour court four mourn22) ou [au] [Q] [[]house mouth mouse sound foundenough trouble touchdelicious gracious prosperous23) ow [[J] [au]window meadow know show lownow town how down cow24) se [z] [s]nose suppose gose lose pose rosemouse house25) th [W] [T]thank think thought clothclothes that this then than26) sion [F[n] [V[n]propulsion tension progression passionprotrusion provision conclusion television27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见)station nation translation attentionquestion6关于语音的几个概念:Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来.AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和John Al bert Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
英语字母组合发音规律秘诀 (2)
英语字母组合发音规律秘诀1．开音节1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。
例：be，he。
2）以辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。
例：make，like。
*在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
2．闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，*字母a，ea/ei/e /i:/i /ai/o /ou/u /ju:/元音字母读音例词a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[Eu]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[E]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday，但u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper。
但u在闭音节中[∧]buscupjumpmuchluncha在[w]a在i在-nd-ldo在-st-ldo在mnvth[i]i[ai][ju(:)]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue 在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作音。
四、-r音节元音字母组合1、在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词⑴、ar 一般发音[α:]carfarmdarksharpener在[w]音后面[c:]warmquartertowards⑵、or 一般发音[c:]fortymorningshort在[w]音后面[E:]wordworkerworse⑶、erirur [E:] certainlybirdThursday⑷、辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律(通用)
英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音he hi go no do be tree three hello闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head单元音：（12个）1、/ i:/ 1、字母e在开音节中：be, he, we, these, metre, relay, recycle, eve2、字母i的特殊发音：police, machine3、字母组合ee ：sweep, between, agree, sleep, seen, feel, feed, cheese, keeper, bee, see,tree, three4、字母组合ea：please, (New) Zealand, weak, leaf, wheat, bleat, dream, disease, beach,least, tea, seat, read5、字母组ie ：field, believe, thief, piece6、字母组ei ：receive7、字母组ey：key8、字母组合e-e：Pete, mete, these, Chinese2、/ ɪ / 1、字母a在弱读中：village, passage, palace, necklace, encourage2、字母e在弱读中：ticket, basket, behind, enjoy, business, subject, refuse, repair, replay,forest, toilet, wallet, racket, pocket, result,3、字母i在闭音节中：bring, did, ill, pick, fifty, English, ticket, village, picnic, pumpkin,tourist, riddle, it, is, six, this4、字母i的特殊发音：practice, opposite, practice, cousin, rabbit 但possible发音为/ ə /5、字母i在“ve”前：live, give6、字母u的特殊发音：busy, business7、字母组合ai 弱读：mountain, captain8、字母组合ie：cookie9、字母组合ay 弱读：Sunday, Monday10、字母组合ey ：monkey, money11、字母y 弱读：sorry, baby, lucky, any, very, study, fifty3、/ e / 1、字母a的特殊发音：many, any2、字母e在闭音节中“e”发短音：bell, left, leg, when, went, check, invent, unless, collect3、字母组合ea ：bread, heavy, head, ready, death, already, instead, feather, leather, weather4、/ æ /1、字母a在闭音节中：that, ladder, matter, man, rabbit, panda, bank, channel, cat, cap,back2、字母a在“ve”前：have5、/ ɜ:/ 1、字母组合or在字母“w”后：work, word, world, worse, worth, worker2、字母组合er在重读音节中：her, German, term, thermos, prefer, person, serve, nervous3、字母组合ir：girl, bird, third, circle, shirt, skirt4、字母组合ur：turn, nurse, disturb, surf, Thursday5、字母组合ear：heard, earth, early, year, learn, search6、/ ə / 1、字母a在弱读：banana, England, elephant, animal, another, madam, several, probably,human, island, machine, comfortable2、字母e在弱读中：broken, moment, even, accident, happen, quarrel3、字母o在弱读中：conductor, opposite, tonight, melon, police, produce, collect, protect, pollute4、字母u弱读中：unless, suppose, success5、字母组合ou：famous, nervous6、字母组合or在弱读中：forget7、字母组合er做后缀时：under, teacher, ruler, brother, sister, father, mother, supper8、字母组合er在弱读中：concert, western, desert, shepherd7、/ɑ:/ 1、字母a在字母“n”前：dance, can’t, shan’t, France, answer, chance, banana2、字母a在字母“s”“ss”前：ask, past, basket, class, glass, last, grass, basketball3、字母a在“th”前：father, rather, path4、字母组合ar：hard, car, large, bookmark, mark, regard, barn, chart, cart, hard, garden,park5、字母组合al特殊发音：half6、字母组合au特殊发音：laugh7、字母组合are：are8、字母组合ea r：heart8、/ ʌ / 1、字母o在“m, n, th”前：come, some, front, month, son, Monday, monkey, money,another, brother, mother, nothing, other, none, wonder 但tomb / u:/2、字母o特殊发音：does, love, among, colour, discover3、字母u在闭音节中：must, sun, duck, uncle, puzzle, nut, dumpling, conductor, fun,butter, club, cup, much4、字母组合ou / ʌ /：trouble, young, double, country, cousin, rough, encourage, tough5、字母组合oo / ʌ / 特殊发：blood, flood9、/ɔ:/1、字母组合ough /ɔ:/：bought, thought2、字母组合or 的一般发音：for, short, boring, storm, corn, corner, order, important, nor,horse, forty, morning3、字母组合ar /ɔ:/ 在字母“w”或音标/w/后：war, quarter, towards4、字母组合al /ɔ:/ 一般发音：wall, tall, ball, fall, hall【注：字母组合al /ɔ:l/特殊发音also, already, always, salt, so-called, although】5、字母组合oor /ɔ:/：floor, door6、字母组合ore /ɔ:/：before, more, score7、字母组合our /ɔ:/：four, yours, course, fourth8、字母组合au /ɔ:/：August, autumn, pause, audience, caught, taught9、字母组合aw /ɔ:/：draw, law10、/ ɒ / 1、字母a在“w”前“wh”后：what, wash, want, watch, wallet, 但：water /ɔ:/2、字母o在闭音节中：John, doctor, office, soccer, rock, concert, foggy, across, possible,cost, cotton, teapot, rocket, of, not, box, long3、字母组合au / ɒ / 特殊发音：because11、/ u:/ 1、字母o在“wh”后：who, whose, whom2、字母o的特殊发音：move, do, two, improve, lose3、字母u在“l”前后：blue, ruler, flu, rule4、字母u的特殊发音：June, truth, pollute, true5、字母组合ou：group, soup, through6、字母组合oo 的一般发音：afternoon, room, broom, zoo, moon, pool, school, noodle,spoon, tool, tooth, cool, shoot, too7、字母组合oo的特殊发音：food, seafood8、字母组合ew的特殊发音：drew12、/ ʊ / 1、字母u的特殊发音：put, push, sugar, full, pull2、字母组合oo，一般在字母“k, d, t”前：book, look, good, foot, cook, wood3、字母组合oo / ʊ / 弱读中：classroom, bedroom, sitting-room, cookie双元音：（8个）1、/eɪ/1、字母a在开音节中“a”发字母本：name, page, date, lazy, café, wave, cake, face, plate(以及单词：paper, baby, table, radio)2、字母组合ea /eɪ/：great, break3、字母组合ai一般情况下：train, fail, mainland, rail, straight, rain, maid, tail4、字母组合ei /eɪ/：eight, eighth5、字母组合ay /eɪ/ 在重读中：day, today, display, may, play, away6、字母组合ey /eɪ/：they2、/aɪ/1、字母i在开音节中：quite, side, outside, invite, dive, twice, mine, bike, like, nice, time(以及单词：driver, Friday)2、字母i在“nd”前：kind, behind, find, mind, blind, China, Chinese,3、字母组合ie /aɪ/：die, lie4、字母组合ei /aɪ/ ：neither, either5、字母组合i(gh) /aɪ/：high, light, right, night, bright6、字母y在重读音节中：my, why, sky, by, fly3、/ɔɪ/1、字母组合oi：noise, join, oil, voice, toilet, coin, spoil, toil, boil2、字母组合oy：boy, toy, enjoy, hoyden, loy4、/əʊ/1、字母“o”在开音节中：hope, nose, ago, alone, piano, notice, mobile, home, those,go, no, so, over2、字母o在字母“ld”前。
英语读音规则(详细)
比较全面地归纳了英语单词及语句的读音规律，希望能对你有所帮助。
1、巧记读音规则（元音字母读音规则，辅音字母读音规则，由于词形变化、同源词音节增减而引起读音变化）2、英语字母、字母组合读音与英语单词重音3、英汉发音差异及美式、英式音标差别（含句子语调）巧记读音规则一、元音字母读音规则1．元音字母a在重读开音节中读/ei/例如make，name等；a在重读闭音节中读/æ/，例如map，that等。
其他主要情况有如下几种：（1）在非重读相对开音节中，a的发音：（2）a的后面是ss，st，sk，sp，th，f，n时，则读/a:/。
例：class，pass，task，grasp，chance，plant，cast，after，path，但entrance中的a发/ə/音。
（3）any，many，ate中的a发/e/音。
a在闭音节中，前面是辅音/w/时读作/7ɔ:/，例：want，warm，warn．（4）ar常读/a:/，例：yard，carpet，garment，farm；但在辅音/w/ 之后常读作/ɔ:/，例：war，warm，warn．（6）字母组合are常读/3εə/音，例如：bare，hare，care，glare，dare。
字母组合alə辅音字母时，al常读/ɔ:/，但在shall中al读/æ/；在half，calm中发/a:/音。
2．元音字母e在重读开音节中，读/ i:/，例：we，be，these，e在重读闭音节中读/e/，例：help，member，then，beg；但在arithmetic中，e发/ə/音，元音字母e的字母组合读音：（4）eer常读/iə/，例：deer，cheer，pioneer，engineer，volunteer（志愿者）。
（5）字母组合ex的读音规则：a．以字母组合ex开头的词，若ex后接一个元音字母且重音不落在第一个音节上，则ex 的发音为/igz/。
英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律(通用)
英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律单元音：（12个）1、/ i:/ 1、字母e在开音节中：be, he, we, these, metre, relay, recycle, eve2、字母i的特殊发音：police, machine3、字母组合ee ：sweep, between, agree, sleep, seen, feel, feed, cheese, keeper, bee, see, tree, three4、字母组合ea：please, (New) Zealand, weak, leaf, wheat, bleat, dream, disease, beach, least, tea, seat, read5、字母组ie ：field, believe, thief, piece6、字母组ei ：receive7、字母组ey：key8、字母组合e-e：Pete, mete, these, Chinese2、/ ɪ / 1、字母a在弱读中：village, passage, palace, necklace, encourage2、字母e在弱读中：ticket, basket, behind, enjoy, business, subject, refuse, repair, replay, forest, toilet, wallet, racket, pocket,result,3、字母i在闭音节中：bring, did, ill, pick, fifty, English, ticket, village, picnic, pumpkin, tourist, riddle, it, is, six, this4、字母i的特殊发音：practice, opposite, practice, cousin, rabbit 但possible发音为/ ə /5、字母i在“ve”前：live, give6、字母u的特殊发音：busy, business7、字母组合ai 弱读：mountain, captain8、字母组合ie：cookie9、字母组合ay 弱读：Sunday, Monday10、字母组合ey ：monkey, money11、字母y 弱读：sorry, baby, lucky, any, very, study, fifty3、/ e / 1、字母a的特殊发音：many, any2、字母e在闭音节中“e”发短音：bell, left, leg, when, went, check, invent, unless, collect3、字母组合ea ：bread, heavy, head, ready, death, already, instead, feather, leather, weather4、/ æ /1、字母a在闭音节中：that, ladder, matter, man, rabbit, panda, bank, channel, cat, cap, back2、字母a在“ve”前：have5、/ ɜ:/ 1、字母组合or在字母“w”后：work, word, world, worse, worth, worker2、字母组合er在重读音节中：her, German, term, thermos, prefer, person, serve, nervous3、字母组合ir：girl, bird, third, circle, shirt, skirt4、字母组合ur：turn, nurse, disturb, surf, Thursday5、字母组合ear：heard, earth, early, year, learn, search6、/ ə/ 1、字母a在弱读：banana, England, elephant, animal, another, madam, several, probably, human, island, machine,comfortable2、字母e在弱读中：broken, moment, even, accident, happen, quarrel3、字母o在弱读中：conductor, opposite, tonight, melon, police, produce, collect, protect, pollute4、字母u弱读中：unless, suppose, success5、字母组合ou：famous, nervous6、字母组合or在弱读中：forget7、字母组合er做后缀时：under, teacher, ruler, brother, sister, father, mother, supper8、字母组合er在弱读中：concert, western, desert, shepherd7、/ɑ:/ 1、字母a在字母“n”前：dance, can’t, shan’t, France, answer, chance, banana2、字母a在字母“s”“ss”前：ask, past, basket, class, glass, last, grass, basketball3、字母a在“th”前：father, rather, path4、字母组合ar：hard, car, large, bookmark, mark, regard, barn, chart, cart, hard, garden, park5、字母组合al特殊发音：half6、字母组合au特殊发音：laugh7、字母组合are：are8、字母组合ea r：heart8、/ ʌ / 1、字母o在“m, n, th”前：come, some, front, month, son, Monday, monkey, money, another, brother, mother, nothing,other, none, wonder 但tomb / u:/2、字母o特殊发音：does, love, among, colour, discover3、字母u在闭音节中：must, sun, duck, uncle, puzzle, nut, dumpling, conductor, fun, butter, club, cup, much4、字母组合ou / ʌ /：trouble, young, double, country, cousin, rough, encourage, tough5、字母组合oo / ʌ / 特殊发：blood, flood9、/ɔ:/1、字母组合ough /ɔ:/：bought, thought2、字母组合or 的一般发音：for, short, boring, storm, corn, corner, order, important, nor, horse, forty, morning3、字母组合ar /ɔ:/ 在字母“w”或音标/w/后：war, quarter, towards4、字母组合al /ɔ:/ 一般发音：wall, tall, ball, fall, hall【注：字母组合al /ɔ:l/特殊发音also, already, always, salt, so-called, although】5、字母组合oor /ɔ:/：floor, door6、字母组合ore /ɔ:/：before, more, score7、字母组合our /ɔ:/：four, yours, course, fourth8、字母组合au /ɔ:/：August, autumn, pause, audience, caught, taught9、字母组合aw /ɔ:/：draw, law10、/ ɒ / 1、字母a在“w”前“wh”后：what, wash, want, watch, wallet, 但：water /ɔ:/2、字母o在闭音节中：John, doctor, office, soccer, rock, concert, foggy, across, possible, cost, cotton, teapot, rocket, of, not,box, long3、字母组合au / ɒ / 特殊发音：because11、/ u:/ 1、字母o在“wh”后：who, whose, whom2、字母o的特殊发音：move, do, two, improve, lose3、字母u在“l”前后：blue, ruler, flu, rule4、字母u的特殊发音：June, truth, pollute, true5、字母组合ou：group, soup, through6、字母组合oo 的一般发音：afternoon, room, broom, zoo, moon, pool, school, noodle, spoon, tool, tooth, cool, shoot, too7、字母组合oo的特殊发音：food, seafood8、字母组合ew的特殊发音：drew12、/ ʊ / 1、字母u的特殊发音：put, push, sugar, full, pull2、字母组合oo，一般在字母“k, d, t”前：book, look, good, foot, cook, wood3、字母组合oo / ʊ / 弱读中：classroom, bedroom, sitting-room, cookie双元音：（8个）1、/eɪ/1、字母a在开音节中“a”发字母本：name, page, date, lazy, café, wave, cake, face, plate (以及单词：paper, baby, table,radio)2、字母组合ea /eɪ/：great, break3、字母组合ai一般情况下：train, fail, mainland, rail, straight, rain, maid, tail4、字母组合ei /eɪ/：eight, eighth5、字母组合ay /eɪ/ 在重读中：day, today, display, may, play, away6、字母组合ey /eɪ/：they2、/aɪ/1、字母i在开音节中：quite, side, outside, invite, dive, twice, mine, bike, like, nice, time (以及单词：driver, Friday)2、字母i在“nd”前：kind, behind, find, mind, blind, China, Chinese,3、字母组合ie /aɪ/：die, lie4、字母组合ei /aɪ/ ：neither, either5、字母组合i(gh) /aɪ/：high, light, right, night, bright6、字母y在重读音节中：my, why, sky, by, fly3、/ɔɪ/1、字母组合oi：noise, join, oil, voice, toilet, coin, spoil, toil, boil2、字母组合oy：boy, toy, enjoy, hoyden, loyal4、/əʊ/1、字母“o”在开音节中：hope, nose, ago, alone, piano, notice, mobile, home, those, go, no, so, over2、字母o在字母“ld”前。
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英语音标：字母组合th的读音规则总结1．在th后以字母-er结尾的单词中，th读浊辅音/J/。
例：altogether/&：lt+'geJ+/，farther/'fa J+/，feather/'fe J+/，
whether/'we J+/，either/'ai J+/，gather/'g J+/
2．一般情况下，在代词、冠词、介词、连词或副词中的字母组合th，读浊辅音/J/。
例：within/wi'Jin/，without/wi'Jaut/，these/Ji：z/，therefore/'>J#+f&：/，al-though/&：lJ+u/，those/ J+ uz/，the/ J+/，thus/ J)s/
发音特殊的单词：through/Iru：/，throughout/'Iru：aut/
3．字母组合th在数词（包括基数词和序数词）中读清辅音/I/。
例：three/Iri&：/，thirty/'I+：ti/，thirteen/'I+：'ti：n/，
third/ I+：d/，fourth/f &：I/，fiftieth/'fiftii I/，
thousand/'Iauz+nd/，hundredth/'h)ndr+dI/
4．除上述单词外，一般位于词首的th读/I/。
例：theatre/'Ii+t+/，thick/Iik/，thin/Iin/，throat/Ir+ut/，theory/'Ii+ri/，thrust/Ir)st/，thread/Ired/，thorough/')r+/，Thursday/'I+：zdi/
5．以th结尾的单词，th读清辅音/I/。
例：truth/tru：I/，worth/w+ ：I/，breath/breI/，
both/b+uI/，cloth/kl&I/，path/pa ：I/，wealth/welI/，
length/leRI/，strength/streRI/
发音特殊的单词，例：smooth/smu：J/
6．在复合词中，th的读音与在原词中的读音相同。
例：something / 's)mIiR/，anything/'eniIiR/，
nothing/'n^)IiR/
还有前面提到的within，without等。
7．其他无规则可循的词分列如下：
maths/m^$Is/，arithmetic/+'riIm+tik/，clothing/kl+uJiR/，clothes/kl+uJz/，southern/'s)J+n/，northern/'n &：J+n／，worthy/'w+：Ji/，author/'&：I+/，sympathy/'simp+Ii/。