姜堰中学高考专题定语从句

高三英语语法专项讲座（一）定语从句卞学华唐瑜一、定语从句的三个基本概念1. 定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或整个句子。

3. 关系词：代替先行词，用来连接先行词和定语从句，同时在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

This is the boy that we are looking for.二、判断关系词的方法1. 看是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。

2．看先行词指人还是指物。

3. 根据关系词在从句中所作的成分。

The person who often comes to help me is my father.I’ll never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which has a great effect on my later life.三、关系词的基本用法1. 关系代词that 的用法先行词是人或物，that 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

The student that is studying English often gives me books that I want very much.China isn’t the country that it used to be.2．关系代词which 的用法先行词是物，which在从句中作主语、宾语In fact the Swede didn’t understand the three questions which were asked in French.3．关系代词who/whom 的用法先行词是人，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只作宾语I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.Do you know the woman whom we met at the gate?4．关系代词whose的用法先行词是人或物，whose在从句中作定语。

whose + n. = of which/whom + the + n.或the + n. of + which/whom（用非限制性定语从句）His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.Please pass me the dictionary of which the cover is black.或Please pass me the dictionary, the cover of which is black.5. 关系副词when的用法先行词是表时间的名词，when在从句中作时间状语。

That’s the day when my father was born in America.6. 关系副词where的用法先行词是表地点的名词，where 在从句中作地点状语。

--- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?--- You should try the barber’s where I go. It’s only 15.7. 关系副词why 的用法先行词是reason, why 在从句中作原因状语。

Do you know the reason why he was late for the party?8. 关系代词but的用法but在从句中一般只作主语，but = that…notIn the world there is no one but has a few faults.四、定语从句的注意事项1．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较He has a strange character, which makes him hard to get along with.That is Tom’s father, who works in Shanghai.2. 注意定语从句谓语动词的形式关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致。

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.下列两种情况须特别注意⑴在“one of + 复数名词”后面，定语从句的谓语用复数⑵在“the (only) one of +复数名词”后面，定语从句的谓语用单数He is one of the students who have passed the exam.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the woman who wears evening dress.3. 关系词常可省略的情况⑴关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时⑵先行词是某些表示时间的名词（如time等）时⑶先行词the way后面的关系词作状语时（可理解为省略关系词that或in which）It’s time we went to school.That’s the way he treated his parents.4. 由“介词+whom/which”引出的定语从句介词的选用：⑴看介词和从句中的动词、形容词的习惯搭配；⑵看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配；⑶看从句谓语部分与前面先行词之间的搭配；⑷表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of。

（注意：该结构中的关系代词一般不用that/who, 且其中的whom/which 不可省。

）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.Is this the dictionary on which you spent five dollars?5. 先行词指“物”时，用that一般不用which的情况⑴先行词是不定代词all, none, little, much, everything, nothing 等时⑵先行词被形容词最高级修饰时⑶先行词被序数词或the last, the only the very修饰时⑷先行词既有物又有人时⑸关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.They talked about the things and persons that they remembered in the school in the past.She was the only person in her office that/who was invited to the ball.6. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较相同点：⑴先行词都可以指代整个主句；⑵都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

不同点：⑴as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；⑵as有“正如…”之意，而which表示“这一点”。

As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.My father has returned from abroad, which makes our family very happy.7. 与the same连用的关系词比较the sam e…as 与the sam e…that: 一般说来，前者表示“同类”，后者表示“同一”。

Tom took away the camera because it was just the same camera that he lost last week.五、“似是而非”定语从句第一组①It was the small city where I once worked.②It was in the small city that I once worked.强调句型可以还原：若将It is/was和that/who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。

第二组①She is such a pretty girl as I daren’t look directly at.②She is such a pretty girl that I daren’t look directly at her.比较such…as与such…that：前者引导的是定语从句，须作主语、宾语、表语等，后者引导的是结果状语从句，that不可作成分。

第三组①I still live where I was born.②I still live in the town in which/where I was born.③I still have a question where I was born.where引导定语从句时，其前须有地点名词，where常可用“介词+which”取代；where 引导的从句前如无地点名词，则不是定语从句，where就不可用“介词+which”取代。

第四组①As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month..②It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month..③What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month..as引导的定语从句位于句首时，与主句之间须用逗号隔开；it作形式主语时，其后一般不用逗号。

what引导的主语从句位于句首时，其后一般不用逗号，主语从句后须有谓语动词。