[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编106.doc
考研英语历年翻译真题
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
考研英语一翻译真题汇总
考研英语一翻译真题汇总1.But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.该句式在结构上相对比较简单：前半部分是由even 引导的让步状语从句，后半部分则为 嵌套了signs的同位语从句，用来对signs 的内容进行解释说明：而在同位语从句中，从句内部的主语为 the global predominance of the language，谓语部分为 may fade;词汇方面predominance在之前的真题阅读中曾数次出现过，因此考生不会对该词陌生;再将其他的修饰成分进行语序调整，句子的大意就可以得出：但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2.His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.该句式在结构上考察了结果状语从句结构 so...that...”句式。
句子的主干为His analysis should end any self-contentedness among those，而在其后跟着一个由who 引导的是个定语从句among those who ...additional languages capabilities，用以限定修饰前面的those。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编80(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编80(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．civil law正确答案：民法2．mass transit正确答案：公共交通；大容量公共运输(工具)3．wage theory正确答案：工资理论4．mock epic正确答案：讽刺史诗5．counterespionage正确答案：反间谍活动6．high seas正确答案：公海；远海7．CYO正确答案：首席元老(Chief Yearly Officer)8．irrigation and drainage正确答案：灌溉与排水9．ICN正确答案：国际护士理事会(International Council of Nurses)10．ILO正确答案：国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization) 11．IAEA正确答案：国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency) 12．polar front正确答案：极锋13．higher down payment正确答案：高首付14．have kissed the Blarney stone正确答案：能说会道；善于花言巧语15．fat chance正确答案：没有机会，希望渺茫汉译英16．QE (Quantitative Easing)正确答案：量化宽松17．innovative growth正确答案：创新增长18．Sunny Finance Policy正确答案：阳光财政19．visa upon/on arrival正确答案：落地签证20．national treatment正确答案：国民待遇21．state visit正确答案：国事访问22．Sunsetting Industry正确答案：夕阳工业23．The Internet Finance正确答案：互联网金融24．new model of major power relationship正确答案：新型大国外交25．Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTA AP) 正确答案：亚太自由贸易区。
英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编16
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编16(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Chinese—English Translation．不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。
在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。
在北平即使不出门去罢，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。
从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花(朝荣)的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：It is more than a decade since I last experienced autumn in the North. When I am in South, the approach of each autumn will bring me the memories of the reed catkins at Tao Ran Pavilion, the shadowy willows in Diao Yu Tai, the chirp of insects in West Hills, the night moon in Yu Quan, and the bells in Tan Zhe Temple. Suppose you live in a rented ramshackle house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on rising early at dawn, sitting in the courtyard with a cup of strong tea, see an azure sky high above and hear the pigeons hovering overhead. Facing east under the locust trees, you can count the sun beams through their leaves or gaze at the trumpet-like blue petals of morning glories halfway on a broken wall, which brings you a perfect sense of autumn.）解析：2.Chinese-English Translation．(华中师范大学2010研，考试科目：写作翻译) 艺术收藏家顾泽艺术收藏高下首先取决于收藏家的审美品位。
考研英语翻译历年真题
1、1994年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.According to the new school of scientists; technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71Science moves forward; they say; not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 72 "In short" ; a leader of the new school contends; "the scientific revolution; as we call it; was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "73Over the years; tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo; Newton; Maxwell; Einstein; and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to; and derived great benefit from; craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes ; genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy; an astronomer of the second century; whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. 74 Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story; according to the new school of scientists; was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses .Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. 75Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa 反之 often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.精美译文新学派的科学家认为;技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量..71他们说;科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识;不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西..72新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之;我们所称谓的科学革命;主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用;这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及..73工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了..为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说;像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅..鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用..那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心..74伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空;以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转;而不是围绕地球..但是;在新学派科学家看来;这件事中真正重要的因素是制造镜片的机械长期以来不断的改进和发展..联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去..75政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入;还是相反;这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量..题目解析：71 、Science moves forward; they say; not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.结构分析：宾语从句的主句Science // moves forward; // 主句插入结构they say; // 并列结构 1 not so much 原因状语结构through // 多重定语the insights / of great men / of genius // 并列结构2 as 原因状语结构because of // more ordinary things // 举例like / improved techniques and tool.词义推敲：move forward：向前发展..they say：间接引语作插入结构——前置..they：指代the new school of scientists技巧：单复数对应：according to – saynot so much... as... 是as … as …和……一样多的否定形式;理解为：“与其……倒不如……”..through因为技巧：not so much... as是个并列结构;也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同;所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为;由于..the insights / of great men / of genius：天才伟人的真知灼见..多重后置定语——后浪推前浪;从后往前翻译..insights：the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration 洞察力；心智的敏锐——真知灼见;远见卓识genius：天才more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things;也是先翻译定语;再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西..like：such as参考译文：新学派科学家们说;科学之所以发展;与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见;不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西..得分重点：插入结构;并列结构;原因状语结构72、 "In short" ; a leader of the new school contends; "the scientific revolution; as we call it; was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "结构分析：直接引语作宾语从句介词短语作状语“In short;” // 主句a leader / of the new school // contends; // “直接引语中的主语the scientific revolution; // 插入结构as we call it; 直接引语中的谓语// was largely // 多重定语the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments // 定语从句主语that // 谓语expanded // the reach / of science // 介词短语作方式状语in innumerabledirection.”词义推敲：in short 简而言之a leader of the new school contends：新学派的一位领导人物说/认为school学派..contend：to maintain or assert 主张或声称the scientific revolution：科学革命revolution：A sudden or momentous change in a situation 大变革在一情况下的突然或瞬时改变as we call it我们所称之谓的;我们所说的largely：for the most part; mainly 大部分地；主要地the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments 一系列器具的改进、发明和使用..a series of一系列expand扩大;张开reach range or scope of influence or effect. 影响力产生影响或效果的范围或领域参考译文：“简而言之”;新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说;“我们所谓的科学革命;主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用;而这些改进、发明和使用 / 这使科学发展的范围无所不及 / 使科学发展无所不及 / 在无数方面拓展了科学的领域..”得分重点：插入结构;定语从句;方式状语73 、Over the years; tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.结构分析：73 介词短语作时间状语Over the years; // 主语tools and technology / 反身代词themselves // 后置定语as / 多重定语 a source of / fundamental innovation 谓语 // 被动结构have largely been ignored // 方式状语by historians / and philosophers of science.词义推敲：over the years 多年来a source of fundamental innovation：根本革新的源泉fundamental：of or relating to the foundation or base; elementary 基础的基础或基本的或与此有关的；根本的innovation：the act of introducing something new 革新介绍新东西的行为tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ... 很大程度上被忽视philosophers of science 科学思想家们参考译文：多年来;工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了..得分重点：反身代词;被动结构74、 Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.结构分析：74 主句专有名词Galileo's greatest glory // was // 表语从句that 时间状语in 1609 // 从句主句he // was // the first person // 多重定语to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens // 目的状语to prove // 宾语从句that 并列结构1 主语the planets // 谓语revolve // around the sun // rather than 并列结构 2 省略结构revolvearound the earth.词义推敲：Galileo 伽利略——专有名词greatest glory was that：最伟大的成就是glory：a highly praiseworthy asset 引以为豪的东西——成就;业绩;贡献that：引导表语从句不做成分;没有实际含义..而汉语又没有这样的形式上的要求;所以不译..turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens 把新发明的望远镜对准天空turn … on 转向——对准;观察to prove that：用以证明;去证明that 引导宾语从句;既不作成分;也没有实际含义..rather than而不是the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth 行星围绕太阳转;而不是围绕地球转revolve：绕转;旋转参考译文：伽利略的最光辉业绩/伟大的成就在于他在1609年/在1609年他是第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空;以证实/证明行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的..得分重点：表语从句;宾语从句;专有名词;并列结构75、Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa 反之often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.结构分析：75、并列结构 1 主语从句 Whether // 主语the Government // 谓语should increase // 多重定语the financing of / pure science 介词短语作状语结构/ at the expense of / technology // 并列结构2 or // 固定短语vice versa // 状语结构often // 谓语depends on // the issue/ of 宾语从句which // 指代关系被动结构is seen // as the driving force.词义推敲：whether … or …究竟是……还是……the Government：特指Federal Government..increase the financing of：增加对……的资金投入finance：to supply funds to 给…提供资金pure science 纯理论科学at the expense of 由……付费;以……为代价vice versa 反之亦然 relations being reversedincrease the financing of pure science at the expense of technology － vice versa 还是通过 / 以减少对纯理论科学的投入而增加对技术的投入 // 还是相反the issue of：……问题issue：a point or matter of discussion; debate; or dispute 争议;辩论争议、争论、争执的要点或事件of which：它们中的pure science 和technology中的哪一个引导宾语从句;因为：1、which 是宾语从句的主语;而不是定语从句的宾语；2、of which 的结构无法还原到后面的从句；3、which不等于issue;不是定语从句引导词;而是疑问代词..is seen as：被动结构;可以翻译成主动结构——“把哪一方看成”the driving force 驱动力参考译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入/牺牲技术作为代价来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入;还是相反;这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量..得分重点：主语从句;并列结构;宾语从句;被动结构2、1995年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting; classifying; assigning; or promoting students; employees; and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books; magazines; the daily press; and even in congress. 71The target is wrong; for in attacking the tests; critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools ; with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable ; meaningless; or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades; research productivity; sales records; or whatever is appropriate. 72How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ; reliability ; and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick; objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned ; the skills he has developed; or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has; qualitatively; the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 73Whether to use tests. other kinds of information; or both in a particular situation depends; therefore; upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74In general; the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used; they provide a rapid means of getting comparableinformation about many people Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized; but there are many things they do not do.75For example; they do not compensate for gross social inequality; and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.精美译文：标准化教育测试或心理同在广泛应用于协助选拔、委派或提拔学生、雇员和军事人员;这些测试一直是某些人近年来在书本、杂志、日报;甚至国会中进行抨击的目标..71把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的;因为在抨击这类测试时;批评者没有注意到其弊病来自测试使用者对测试不解或使用不当..这些测试本身只是一种工具..它的各种特性可以在规定条件下用适当的精度来测定..测试的结果是在有价值的、无意义的、还是误导的;部分取决于这种工具本身;但主要取决于测试使用者..所有对未来表现的有见识地的预测都是以在某种程度上了解有关过去的表现为基础的:学校学习成绩、研究效益、销售记录或任何符合需要的信息..72这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实;这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性;以及解释这些信息的技能和才智..任何仔细记分的人都知道;所得到的信息总是不完全的;而且这些预测也总是会有错误的..应该根据这种观点去考察标准化测试..标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法;这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识、他所获得的技能;或者他是属于哪一类型的人..这样得到的信息;从性质上讲;与其它种类的信息一样具有优点或缺点..73因此;在某一特定情况下;究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息;或是两者兼用;须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定;也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素..74一般来说;当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时;测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时;测试的效果则最差..这些测试如能恰当使用;就能提供一种快速的方法来获得有关许多人的可比性信息..有时这些测试能鉴别出一些学生;他们很高的潜在能力过去一直没有被承认..但是也有入场多事情这些测试是不能胜任的..75例如;测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此;它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人;如果在较好的环境下成长的话;会有多大才干..题目解析：71 、The target is wrong; for in attacking the tests; critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.结构分析：71 主句The target // is // wrong; // 原因状语从句for // 状语结构in // attacking // the tests; // 从句的主句critics // divert attention from // the fault // 定语从句主语that // 谓语固定短语lies with // ill-informed / or incompetent users.词义推敲：The target 根据上下文;这里特指标准化测试for in attacking the tests：因为在抨击测试的过程中for：因为in：在…过程中attack：攻击;抨击..critics：one who forms and expresses judgments of the merits; faults; value; or truth of a matter 评论家形成并表达对某一事物的优点、错误、价值或真实性的判断的人divert attention from 原义是引开;引申为没有注意到;忽略lies with 在于ill-informed 不甚了解;消息不灵通的参考译文：把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的;因为在抨击这类测试时;批评者没有注意到 / 忽略了测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当 / 批评家没有注意到错误是由消息不灵通或者不能胜任的使用者造成的..得分重点：插入结构;原因状语从句;定语从句72 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ; reliability ; and appropriateness of theinformation used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.结构分析：72 主语从句How well // 从句的主语the predictions // 从句的谓语被动结构will be validated // by later performance // 谓语并列结构1 固定短语depends upon // 多重定语the amount; / reliability; / and appropriateness // of the information / used // 并列结构2 and 省略结构dependson // the skill / and wisdom // 定语从句with which // 指代关系it // 被动结构is interpreted.词义推敲：How well the predictions will be validated by：在多大程度上为……所证实be validated by：为……所证实..被动结构——最好少用“被”字..validate：to establish the soundness of; orroborate 证实建立…的正确性；确证depends upon 取决于the amount; reliability; and appropriateness of the information used：所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性amount：a number 数字；数量reliability 可靠性;信度——validity效度appropriate：suitable for a particular person; condition; occasion; or place; fitting 适合于…的适合于某特定的人;条件;事件或地点的；适宜的with which it is interpreted定语从句Which指代the skill and wisdom..it指代the information..参考译文：这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实;这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性;以及解释这些信息的技能和才智..得分重点：主语从句;被动结构;并列结构;省略结构;定语从句73、Whether to use tests. other kinds of information; or both ina particular situation depends; therefore; upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.结构分析：73 主语并列结构 1 Whether // to use // tests; / other kinds of information; // 并列结构2 or 省略结构to use指代关系both // 方式状语in a particular situation // 谓语固定短语并列结构11depends; // 插入结构therefore; // upon // 多重定语the evidence / from experience / concerning comparative validity // 并列结构22 and 省略结构dependsupon // 举例such factors // as cost / and availability.词义推敲：Whether to use ...; or to use 究竟是使用……还是使用……or both：或是两者兼用both：指代前句的tests; other kinds of informationin a particular situation 在某一特定情况下particular：separate and distinct from others of the same group; category; or nature 特定的;个别的与同一团体、范畴或种类的其他部分分离和区分出来的the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity：多重后置定语——后浪推前浪;可以翻译为：“关于相对效度的来自经验的证据”such factors as... 诸如……等因素参考译文：因此;在某一特定情况下;究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息;或是两者兼用;须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定/取决于与相对效度有关的来自经验的证据;也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素..得分重点：并列结构;省略结构;插入结构74、In general; the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.结构分析：74 介词短语作状语结构In general; // 主句并列结构1 the tests //work // most effectively // 时间状语从句when // 从句的主语the qualities / 非谓语作后置定语to be measured // 谓语被动结构can be most precisely defined // 并列结构 2 and 省略结构the tests workleast effectively // 时间状语从句when // 从句中的主语从句what // 指代关系is to be measured or predicted // 谓语被动结构can not be well defined.词义推敲：In general 一般的说;大体上work most effectively 最为有效the qualities to be measured：所要测定的特征qualities：特征;特性;品质;品德..作“质量”解时;是抽象名次;没有复数..measure：测量; 测度; 估量; 分派; 权衡; 调节be most precisely defined：很精确界定..precisely 精确地;恰好地;明确地definite：to specify distinctly 清楚地规定and least effectively：测试效果最差..省略了前面的the tests workwhat is to be measured or predicted not be well defined：当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地定义时参考译文：一般的说;当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时;测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时;测试的效果则最差..得分重点：并列结构;时间状语从句;被动结构;省略结构;主语从句75For example; they do not compensate for gross social inequality; and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.结构分析：75 状语结构举例For example; // 主语 they // 并列结构 1 do not compensate for // gross social inequality; // 并列结构2 and thus // do not tell // 宾语从句how able // 从句的主语an underprivileged youngster // 谓语might have been // 虚拟条件句的倒装结构had he grown up // 介词短语作状语结构under more favorable circumstances.词义推敲：they 指代“测试”compensate for 弥补compensate：to serve as or provide a substitute or counterbalance 补偿;弥补作为代替品或平衡物使用或提供gross social inequality 明显的/巨大的社会不公gross：glaringly obvious; flagrant 公然的十分明显的；罪恶昭着的inequality：不公平;不平等tell：说明;表明underprivileged youngster：物质条件差的/处于社会底层的/没有特权的年轻人had he grown up = if he had grown up虚拟语气中条件句的倒装grow up：成长;兴起;形成under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下circumstance：the sum of determining factors beyond willful control 客观形势;情况除意志控制外的决定因素的总和favorable：有利的;赞成的;讨人喜欢的参考译文：例如;测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此它们不能说明如果一个物质条件差的年轻人;如果在较好的环境下成长的话;会有多大才干/多么的有本事/多么的能干..得分重点：并列结构;宾语从句;虚拟语气的倒装结构3、1996年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.71Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of socialneeds. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some ; how-ever ; are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take; by persons in authority; act to alter the growth pattern of different areas.This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72This trend began during the Second World War; when several govemments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted; however; that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scien-tific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.73This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support ; like all government support ; requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utilityis more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science; but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally; the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74However; the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past; giving rise to new standards of elegance.精美译文：科学研究的各种领域的相关发展;存在若干原因..71在这些原因中;有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求..另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果..然而;有些发展速度的差异其原因就不尽合理;这是因为某些权威人干对科学理论研究应采取何种形式有先入为主的想法;这些想法起了改变不同科学领域的发展模式的作用..这是一个新问题;也许并非是不可避免的问题;但其趋势却令人担忧..72这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间;当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的..然而;人们可以预见;往往会出现一些问题要求科学做出具体的回答..因此;将科研机构视为一种资源或一台机器;应维持其良好的运行状态..这样做通常是很有价值的..73给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持;看来通常能有效地解决这个问题..此种资助也与所有政府资助一样;需要决定合适的投资对象..根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的..但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中;要做出抉择就特别困难..资助机构的目标是支持“好”的科学;而不资助“坏”的科学;那是值得赞扬的..然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的..人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来..74然而;世界就是如此;完美的体系一般是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的..75同过去一样;将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象;给完美以新的标准..题目解析：71 Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.结构分析：71 并列结构1 Some of / these causes // are // completely 多重定语reasonable results / of social needs. 简单句并列结构2 Others // are // 多重定语reasonable consequences of / particular advances // in science / 分词短语作后置定语being / to some extent / self-accelerating.词义推敲：some of these causes：其中一些原因cause：the producer of an effect; result; or consequence 缘故;原因一种影响、结果或后果的制造者result：the consequence of a particular action; operation; or course; an outcome 结果;后果一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果；结果others：指代关系.. = other causes 其它原因reasonable consequences：合理结果;必然结果consequence：something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition 结果一种行为或情况在逻辑上或自然而然产生的结果to some extent 在一定程度上self-accelerating 自我加速accelerate 加速;促进;增加数量参考译文：在这些原因中;有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求/社会需求的合理结果;另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果..得分重点：并列结构;多重定语72This trend began during the Second World War; when several govemments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.结构分析：72 主句This trend // began // 介词短语作时间状语during the Second World War; // 定语从句when // several govemments // came to / the conclusion // 同位语从句that the specific demands // 定语从句that 主语a government // 谓语wants to / make 介词短语作状语结构of // its scientific establishment // 同位语从句的谓语cannot generally 被动结构be foreseen // in detail.词义推敲：this trend 这种趋势when引到定语从句;前面一般有表示时间的名词作先行词..从句如果是过去时;那么可以译作：“当时”;“其时”；从句如果是将来时;那么可以译作：“到时”;“届时”..came to the conclusion 得出了一个结论that 引导同位语从句the specific demands 具体要求make… of…向……提出scientific establishment 科研机构establishment：a public or private institution; such as a hospital or school 私人公共机构一个公共或私人机构;如医院或学校cannot be forseen 无法预见in detail 详尽参考译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间;当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的..得分重点：同位语从句;定语从句;被动结构73This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.结构分析：73 主句This // 被动结构seems mostly effectively done // 介词短语作方式状语by supporting // a certain amount / of research // 并列结构 1 not related to // immediate goals // 并列结构 2 but of possible consequence // 介词短语作时间状语in the future.词义推敲：This指代“problem”;这一问题..mostly effectively done：有效解决..mostly：generally; usually 普遍地；通常地done 解决by doing sth. 通过……;以……not … but …不是……而是……;没有……但有……not related to 与……无关relate：to bring into or link in logical or natural association 使有联系使有逻辑的联系或有自然的联系。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．Domesticating translation正确答案：归化翻译，又名归化2．Pre-editing正确答案：预编辑3．Explicitation正确答案：外显化4．Poly-system theory正确答案：多元系统理论5．Under-translation正确答案：欠额翻译6．accuracy正确答案：正确性7．competence正确答案：能力8．correspondence正确答案：对应9．direction of translation正确答案：翻译方向10．informative texts正确答案：信息类文本汉译英11．借用正确答案：Borrowing12．可比语料库正确答案：Comparable Corpus13．文化置换正确答案：Cultural Transportation 14．自然语言正确答案：Natural Language15．语法分析正确答案：Syntax Analysis16．中间语言正确答案：Interlanguage17．隐形正确答案：Invisibility18．显型翻译正确答案：Overt Translation19．术语库正确答案：TDB(Terminology Database) 20．视译正确答案：Sight Interpretation 21．配字幕正确答案：Subtitle22．文本类型学正确答案：Text Typology 23．可接受性正确答案：Acceptability 24．冗余正确答案：Redundancy 25．赞助正确答案：Sponsorship。
考研英语历年翻译真题
一.1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．dynamic equivalence正确答案：动态对等2．miss the boat正确答案：坐失良机3．spill the beans正确答案：泄漏秘密4．semiotic dimension正确答案：符号学层次5．postscript正确答案：附录，后记6．outsourcing正确答案：外包7．transliteration正确答案：音译8．tit for tat正确答案：以牙还牙9．black sheep正确答案：害群之马10．over-translation正确答案：过度翻译11．MOU正确答案：Memorandum of Understanding谅解备忘录12．GDP正确答案：Gross Domestic Product国内生产总值13．POW正确答案：Prisoner of War战俘14．CPU正确答案：Central Processing Unit中央处理器15．LC正确答案：Library of Congress(美国)国会图书馆汉译英16．电子商务正确答案：electronic commerce17．对冲基金正确答案：hedge funds18．次贷危机正确答案：subprime crisis19．山寨手机正确答案：emulational mobile phone20．暗箱操作正确答案：black case work21．本末倒置正确答案：put the cart before the horse 22．破釜沉舟正确答案：burn one’ s bridges23．网恋正确答案：online love affair24．和谐社会正确答案：harmonious society25．科学发展观正确答案：Scientific Outlook on Development。
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[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编106
汉译英
1 多数科学家相信，石油是由数万亿年之前亿万个生活在海洋里的微小动植物遗体的分解物形成的。
在这些生物死亡之后，遗体即腐烂，经过数百万年之后，便在海洋底部形成了矿泥层；由于地壳运动的挤压和由此产生的热量的共同作用，这些矿泥层就变成了石油。
石油分馏物(组成称为石油的混合物的东西)及其副产品多得不可胜数：有小汽车用的汽油，火车、公共汽车和载重卡车的柴油，航空汽油，各种发动机用的润滑油，发电站和轮船用的重油，铺路的沥青，制造塑料、合成纤维乃至合成食品的石油化学产品，等等。
今天，没有石油产品的世界几乎是不可想象的。
2 中国西部论坛秉承交流信息、聚合智慧、共谋发展的宗旨，架起了一座让世界了解西部、让西部走向世界的桥梁，构建了一个世界与西部、东部与西部、西部与西都相互沟通、平等交流的平台。
中国西部论坛随着西部大开发的启动而诞生，也将随着西部大开发的推进而延续。
我相信各位极具创造精神、富有远见卓识的专家学者、企业家和政要们，必将为中国西部大开发提出宝贵的意见和建议，使中国西部论坛闪烁着智慧的光芒。
3 互联网成为人们获取新闻信息的重要途径。
中国的通讯社、报社、广播电台、电视台等利用资源优势和品牌优势开展网络新闻传播，满足人们的新闻信息需求，已形成人民网、新华网、央视网、中国广播网等一批综合新闻信息服务网站，不仅扩大了权威新闻信息传播的广度，而且为传统媒体自身发展拓展了新的空间。
一批著名的商业网站也成为人们获取新闻信息的重要渠道。
据统计，80％以上的网民主要依靠互联网获取新闻信息。
网络媒体的发展不仅提高了新闻传播的时效性、有效性，而且在报道重要新闻事件中发挥了独特作用，充分满足了人们的信息需求。
4 新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积166．49万平方公里，占中国国土面积的六分之一，陆地边境线5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。
据2000年统计，新疆人口为1925万人，其中汉族以外的其他民族为1096．96万人。
新疆自古以来就是一个多民族聚居和多种宗教并存的地区，从西汉(公元前206年一公元24年)起成为中国统一的多民族国家不可分割的组成部分。
5 维持生命必须的食物有三类。
一是碳水化合物。
碳水化合物广泛存在于动、植物，包括糖、淀粉及纤维分子(cellulose)，为人类提供能量。
碳水化合物还能合成生物过程所必须的葡萄糖和酶(enzymes)。
二是脂肪。
脂肪是比碳水化合物更为“浓缩”的食物能量，但是，它只作为储存能量而不是立即可用的能量。
三是蛋白质。
蛋白质是由含碳、氢、氧和氮元素的大分子组成的。
蛋白质主要不是用于提供能量，而是组成生命所必须的结构物质。