多轴加工

数控工艺培训教程西南科技大学专业课程—数字控制技术及高级数控编程西安交通大学多轴加工1、概述多轴加工通常为四轴、五轴加工，即刀具运动包含X、Y、Z、A、B或C等方向其中四个坐标以上的联动。

用于加工复杂零件，如具有复杂形状的透平叶轮、大曲率空间凸轮等。

1、概述(续)‰ 曲线五轴加工‰ 钻孔五轴加工‰ 侧壁五轴加工‰ 曲面五轴加工‰ 流线五轴加工‰ 旋转四轴加工ÊToolpath→Multiaxis1、概述(续)‰ 刀具路径: 层切、行切、往复切、U V线切、等高线切等，分别适用于粗加工、精加工、清根加工。

‰ 用刀方法: 底刃、侧刃、前倾、后倾、侧倾。

例如，用球头刀加工曲面，由于越接近刀尖线速度越小，甚至为零，加工质量不高，所以需要把刀具倾斜以提高加工质量。

1、概述(续)创建多轴镗铣加工的一般步骤：‰进入相关加工方式‰选择待加工几何体‰设定加工参数‰验证刀位轨迹‰生成G代码程序2 切削方向¾切削方向：沿曲面箭头所定义的方向3 刀具轴控制方式¾刀具轴控制方式9 领先/滞后曲面9 直线9 点9 曲线9 曲面3 刀具轴控制方式(续)9 Lead/Lag Surface由lead angle值决定刀具轴的方向Êlead angle值为负¾刀柄滞后于刀尖Êlead angle值为正¾刀柄领先于刀尖Êlead angle值为03 刀具轴控制方式(续)9 Point（点）：使刀轴始终通过该点来控制刀轴矢量。

用于加工口小腔大的区域。

3 刀具轴控制方式(续)9 Curve（曲线）类似于Point 方式来控制刀轴矢量，使刀轴在切削过程中始终对准控制曲线上的点。

在此可以通过设定Lead Angle和Side Angle（侧角）参数值来辅助曲线方式控制刀轴，系统将自动计算最好的刀具方位。

其中Side Angle（侧角）平面垂直于Lead Angle平面。

Driving multi-axis machines is all about control Both sets of toolpaths follow this formatCUTCONTROLWhat does the toolfollow?TOOL AXISCONTROLHow is the tool axiscontrolled?TOOL TIPCONTROLWhat controls thedepth of the tool?CNC Software‟s multi-axis interfaceCurve 5 axisTool axis controlCurve 5 axisA1. Tool axis control lines.MCXCurve 5 axisTool axis control lines. Selection order doesn‟t matter, Directiondoes. Vector direction should point toward the tool holderCurve 5 axisCurve 5 axisA2. Tool axis control surface.MCXCurve 5 axisTool axis control Surface. All vectors are normal to the definedtool axis control surfaceCurve 5 axisA3. Tool axis control Plane.MCXCurve 5 axisTool axis control PlaneCurve 5 axisTool axis control PlaneCurve 5 axisA4. Tool axis control from point.MCXCurve 5 axisTool axis control From PointCurve 5 axisA5. Tool axis control to point.MCXCurve 5 axisTool axis control To PointCurve 5 axisA6. Tool axis control chain.MCXCurve 5 axisTool axis control Chain / Step along whole chainAdditional tool axis control options Point generators: adds tool axis vectors basedon an incremental distance or angleDistanceLead / Lag: adjusts tool axis vector forward orbackward relative to the cut directionSide tilt: adjusts tool axis vector left or rightrelative to the cut directionAxis limits: limit or lock an axis vector Point GeneratorsPoint Generators add vectors based on change in vector angle ordistance between vectorsPoint GeneratorsAngle: If active, additional tool axisvectors are generated between tool axisvectors if they change more than the anglespecified here.Distance: If active, additional tool axisvectors are generated between tool axisvectors which have a distance greater thanthe distance specified herePoint GeneratorsA7. Curve5ax using point generators.MCXLead / Lag - Side tiltAdditional tool axis control optionsOP10 side tilt.MCXLead / Lag - Side tiltAdditional tool axis control optionsOP10 side tilt.MCXA8. Curve 5 axis using axis limits.MCXAdditional tool axis control optionsAxis limitsAxis LimitsAdditional tool axis control optionsAxis LimitsThink of the limiting area as 0 and 10degree lines rotated around the Z axis creatingcone surfaces. The axis is relative to worldcoordinates. Additional tool axis control optionsAxis LimitsRoughing OptionsMultiple depths and passes optionsCurve 5 axisDepth cutsMultiple depthsA9. Curve 5axis multiple depths.MCXRoughing optionsTool axis control Lines Multiple depthsSwarf 5 axis / cut controlCut control Tip controlTool axis control Swarf 5 axisSwarf 5 axis walls surfaces.MCXSwarf 5 axisWalls are defined by the green surfaces. A plane controls thetool tipSwarf 5 axisSwarf 5 axisSwarf 5 axis walls chains.MCXSwarf 5 axisWalls are defined using lower and upper chainsTool tip is controlled by surfacesSwarf 5 axisSwarf 5 axis tip control lower rail.MCXSwarf 5 axisTip control uses the lower railSwarf 5 axisFlow 5 axis and Port 5 axis / cut controlDrives the tool along the XY or UV surface dataCut control - Tool axis control - Tip controlCut control Tool axis control Tip controlFlow 5 axis and Port 5 axis / cut control Drives the tool along the XY or UV surface dataCut control - Tool axis control - Tip controlFlow 5 axisOP 10 Flow 5axis.MCXMsurf 5axMsurf5ax cut pattern cylinder.MCXMsurf 5 axis / cut controlUse a surface or defined primitive surface to calculate the flow of toolmotion.Cut control - Tool axis control - Tip controlMsurf 5 axisCut Pattern: CylinderMsurf 5 axisDepth cut parametersMsurf 5 axisDrill 5 axis / cut controlCut control - Tool axis control - Tip controlDrill 5 axisDrill 5 axis points and lines.MCXDrill 5 axisEntity Type: Points and Lines define drilllocation and tool axisDrill 5 axisRotary 4 axisRotary 4ax normal to surface.MCXRotary 4 axisRotary 4 axisRotary 4 axisRotary 4 axis through point.MCXRotary 4 axisUse center pointRotary 4 axisRotary 4 axisRotary 4ax axial.MCXRotary 4 axisAxial cut methodRotary 4 axisModuleWorks multi-axis interfaceCut controlTool axis controlTip controlCut Control / Parallel cutsThe "parallel cuts" option will create tool paths that areparallel to each other. The direction of the cuts isdefined by the two angles. The angles in XY and in Zdetermine the direction of the parallel cuts of the toolpathImagine slicing an apple: You can slice it with a knife parallel from topto down or from left side to right side. The pictures in the dialogsymbolize how to set the desired cutting direction using the angles. Cut Control / Cuts along curve With this pattern the generated tool path isorthogonal to a leading curve. That means thatwhen your selected curve is not a straight linethe cuts are not parallel to each other. Cut Control / Morph between 2 curvesThis option will create a morphed tool path between two leading curves.Morphed means that the generated tool path is approximatedbetween the tilt curves and evenly spread over the surface. Thisoption is very suitable to machine steep areas for mould making. Cut Control / Parallel to curve Parallel to curve option willalign the cut direction alonga leading curve. Theneighbouring cuts areparallel to each other. Cut Control / Morph between 2 surfacesThis option will create a morphed tool path on your drive surface.The drive surface is enclosed by two check surfaces. Morphedmeans that the generated tool path is approximated between thecheck surfaces and evenly spread over the drive surface. Cut Control / Parallel to surface Parallel to surface meansthat the cuts of on yourdrive surface will begenerated parallel to acheck C Software developed toolpaths / Tool axis ControlCurve 5 ax optionsDrill 5 axoptionsSwarf 5 ax optionsThe walls defineboth the CutControl motionand tool axiscontrolCurve 5 ax options Flow 5 ax optionsMsurf 5 ax optionsCNC Software developed toolpaths / Tool axis ControlLines: Sets the tool axis parallel to the selected linesalong the toolpath. The tool axis interpolatesbetween defined lines along the cut control curve orsurfaceSurface or Pattern surface: Sets the tool axis directionnormal to the selected surface.Plane: The tool axis normal to a selected plane.From Point: All tool axis vectors originate from adefined pointTo Point: All tool axis vectors terminate at a definedpointChain: Tool axis vectors originate from a line, arc,spline, or chained geometry. Tool vectors can bemanipulated along the chain using the closest pointon a chain, or evenly spaced along the chainBoundary: The tool axis will be contained to a closedboundary.ModuleWorks developed toolpaths / Tool axis ControlNot b e tilted and stays normal to surfaced: If you don‟t tilt thetool axis, the surface normal and the tool axis direction arethe same.Be tilted relative to cutting direction: allows the option to definea lag angle to the cutting direction as well as lag angle atside of cutting direction.Tilted with the angle: The tool axis is will be tilted from thesurface normal towards the tilt axis. The tilt axis can be theX, Y and Z axis or any line created in the geometry.Tilted with fixed angle to axis: The tool axis is will be tilted fromthe tilt axis towards the surface normal. The tilt axis can bethe X, Y and Z axis. or any line created in the geometry.Tilted around axis: The tool axis has the same direction as thesurface normal, but is tilted a round the “world (Top)”defined axis. This axis can be the X, Y, Z or any line createdin your geometry.Tilted through point: The tool axis is always pointing from acreated point in your geometry to the surface point.Tilted through curve: the tool axis is aligned to a tilt curve. Thereare different option possible in which way this curve shallbe aligned to the curve.Tilted through lines: The tool axis will be approximated along it'stool path to lines you created in your geometry.Tilted from point away: The tool axis is always pointing awayfrom a created point in your geometry.Tilted from curve away: The tool points from the tilt curve away.Depending on your curve tilt type the tool orientation andalignment to the curve changes. Additional tool axis control optionsLead / Lag: adjusts tool axis vector forward orbackward relative to the cut directionSide tilt: adjusts tool axis vector left or rightrelative to the cut directionAxis limits: limit or lock an axis vectorPoint generators: adds tool axis vectors based onan incremental distance or angleAngleDistanceLead / Lag – Side TiltCNC Software developed toolpathsModuleWorks developed toolpathsAxis LimitsCNC Software developed toolpathsModuleWorks developed toolpathsPoint GeneratorsModuleWorks developed toolpathsCNC Software developed toolpathsCNC Software developed toolpaths / Tip Control Curve 5axisDrill 5 axisSwarf 5 axisFlow 5 axisMsurf 5 axisPort 5 axisTip Control and Gouge detection and avoidanceDepth cuts / Multi passCNC Software developed toolpath / Multiple depths and passes optionsDepth cuts / Multi pass ModuleWorks developed toolpaths / Multiple depths and passes optionsEntry Exit / Lead in Lead outCNC Software developed toolpathsModuleWorks developed toolpathsSpecialized toolpathsGouge check: Tool components - clearances.ROUGHING OPTIONSPLUNGE ROUGHING.MODADITIONAL CONTROLSABILITY TO CONVERT ANY 3 AXIS TOOLPA TH INTO 5 AXISSTOCK RECOGNITIONIt is the ability to …see‟ the stock model in order to create t hemost efficient toolpath by eliminating air-cuts.MOLD BOTTLE PENCIL TRACE MACHINING WITH A LEAD CURVEAPPLICATIONS CASES5 AXIS MACHINING OF A CAMSHAFT ON MULTITASKING LATHEAPPLICATIONS CASES4 AXIS MACHINING OF FLANGED TUBEAPPLICATIONS CASES5 AXIS ENGRA VINGAPPLICATIONS CASESTURBINE MACHININGPlunge Roughing Blade finishingIMPELLERSAn impeller is a rotating component of a pump which transfers energyfrom the motor that drives the pump to the fluid being pumped byforcing the fluid outwards from the centre of rotation.Impellers are used in a variety of applications from fire to jet engines,they come in many sizes and shapes but are all readily recognizable.APPLICATIONS CASESIMPELLER ROUGHING STRATEGIESIMPELLER ROUGHING STRA TEGIESIMPELLER BLADE SEMI FINISHINGFLOOR FINISHINGIMPELLER MACHININGHEAD - PORTPORT ALONG COMPLEXUtility –Calculate based on tool centerPORT ALONG COMPLEX• Can result in much better finish andgreatly increased accuracy.•Can replace the need for multipleset-ups.•Can eliminate the need for multiplefixtures and potential set-up errors.Multi‐axis toolpathsThere are 3 major multiaxis machine types:Table on TableTable - HeadHead on HeadBut there are numerous combinations of these . . .Table - TableTable - TableHead - TableHead - TableHead - HeadHead - HeadMore than 5 axisMore than 5 axisIndustry standard axis convention X A UY B VZ C WIn order to accurately operate and program these machinesyou need to know the exact physical properties of yourmachine:- Rotary and work envelope directions and limitations.- Exact distances and orientations of the rotary pivot points.- CNC controllers capabilities (RTCP? Dynamic fixture offset?)- Relative location of the work-piece to the machinescoordinate systemEven small movements of the cutter on the drive surface becomeamplified on the movement of all the axes.- How would you find the intersection of the 2 rotary axis?- How is this information captured in Mastercam? . . .Y = 0.000 is through the A axisA = -90 edge find rotary faceRecord Y machine coordinateA = 90 edge find rotary faceRecord Y machine coordinateY = 0.000Measure the difference between Y when A = -90 andA = 90 - divide it by 2 - add this to the Y machinecoordinate when Y = 90. This will be Y= 0.000 –ALWAYS – unless you have dynamic fixture offsetavailable on the controlZ = 0.000 is through the A axisMeasure the difference between Y when A = -90 andA = 90 - divide it by 2 - add this to the Y machinecoordinate when Y = 90. This will be Y= 0.000 –ALWAYS – unless you have dynamic fixture offsetavailable on the controlMachine DefinitionMachine overview Version XMachine overview VersionXMachine overview VersionXMachine overview Version XMachine overview Version XKUKA.aviMULTIAXIS TOOLPA TH OVERVIEWSimultaneous MultiaxisIndexing/TombstoneMultiaxisYou can generate 5 axis (2 +3) toolpaths using Tool Planes in Level 1 and a 5 axis post processorINDEXING - TOMBSTONEINDEXING - TOMBSTONEYou can generate 5 axis (2 +3) toolpaths using Tool Planes in Level 1 and a 5 axis post processorIndexing/TombstoneFilename: Inch test file2_X3 simulation. MCX Backplot . ..1 A VI\NMV Mastercamsim.aviIndexing/TombstoneRTCP - Rotary ToolControl Point RTCP - Rotary Tool ControlPoint OFFInitial Machine Head PositionRotated Head PositionB 90 command . . .RTCP - Rotary Tool ControlPoint ONInitial Machine Head PositionB 90 command . . .Rotated Head PositionRTCP - Rotary Tool Control Point ONSIMULTANEOUS MULTIAXISImpeller.aviheadport.aviMULTIAXIS TOOLPA TH OVERVIEW These are the available, true,simultaneous multisurface toolpaths.Except 5 Axis Drill ToolpathCUTCONTROLWhat does the toolfollow?TOOL AXISCONTROLHow is the tool axiscontrolled?TOOL TIPCONTROLWhat controls thedepth of the tool?Driving multiaxis machines is all about control.—结束—谢谢！。