英概 Chapter 1 The UK Land and people
Chapter 1 Land and people
Chapter 1 Land and peopleI. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.What are the names that come to your mind when people refer to 英国?(1) Britain(2) Great Britain(3) England(4) The British Isles(5) The United Kingdom or the U.K.2.What are these names exactly refer to?Great Britain, the United Kingdom and the British Isles do not mean the same thing.Strictly speaking, the British Isles, Great Britain, and England are geographical names.G reat B ritainE ngland is part of an island called Great Britain, the largest island in Europe. Great Britain is the official name given to the the two kingdoms of England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. It also includes the small adjacent islands except the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Sometimes people use the shorten name Britain instead of Great Britain.The term "Great Britain" was used for the first time when England and Scotland became a single kingdom under King James VI of Scotland who became King James I of England in 1603.U nited K ingdomT he United Kingdom consists of Great Britain - the main island made up of England, Scotland and Wales - and Northern Ireland.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) was formed in on January 1 1801 and constitutes the greater part of the British Isles. The largest of the islands is Great Britain, which comprises England, Scotland and Wales. The next largest is Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland, whichT he B ritish I slesThe British Isles include the UK, Great Britain, and other islands such as Ireland and the Channel Islands.The British Isles consists of:∙Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales)∙The whole of Ireland∙The Orkney and Shetland Islands∙The Isle of Man∙The Inner and Outer Hebrides∙The Isle of Wight∙Scilly Islands∙Lundy Island∙The Channel Islands∙Plus many other offshore islandsSummery:EnglandGreat Britain ScotlandWales U.K.2 large islandsNorthern IrelandBritish Isles IrelandRepublic of IrelandHundreds of (1949)small islands3.What is the official name of Britain?(1) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island(2) For short: Britain, the United Kingdom or U.K.*The Union Jack--refers to the Union Flag or the National flag of the United Kingdom--It is called the Union Flag because it represents the emblems of the four countries united under one Sovereign - the kingdoms of England and Wales, of Scotland and of Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom).--Although the name "Union Jack" is the popular name by which the flag is known to the world, it should strictly, perhaps, only be used for the flag when it is flown as a jack (a small flag flown at the bow of a ship); government documents generally prefer "union flag" as the more universally correct term4.Why do people often us e “England” and “English” to refer to “Britain” and“British”?England is the largest, post populous, and the richest.Largeness Size Pop.England biggest 60% 85%Britain Scotland 2nd largest 30% 1/10Wales smallest 9% 5%5.British imperial expansion“The sun never sets on the British Empire”(1) Ruled 1/4 of the world‟s population and 1/4 of world‟s land(2) Had colonies in North America, Asia, Africa, Austrialia6.British Commonwealth (Commonwealth of Nations)The term …Commonwealth‟ has been used to replace the word …Empire‟ to describe collectively the independent countries associated under the British crow(1) A free association of countries used to be English colonies(2) 53 member countries at present(3) Functions: active in a number of areas including development, democracy, debtmanagement and trade.II. Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplandsIII. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country‟s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyIV. Climate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantlysunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret hislaughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or solater black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down.At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eightdegrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sunwill begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃in winter, 12-17℃in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastV. The People1.Population of Britain: characteristics(1)Densely populatedVery large population for such a small country.(2)Highly urbanized90% of the population is urban and only 10% rural(3)Unevenly distributedThe population is made up mainly of (composition of British population)A.the English (81.5%)B.the Scottish (9.6%)C.the Welsh (1.9%)D.the Irish (2.4%)2.Different ancestors(1)the English----the Anglo-Saxons(2)the Scots, Welsh, and Irish----the Celts3.Differences in character and speech between southern and northern England(1)Southerners speak the type of English closer to BBC EnglishGenerally speaking, southerners speak the type of English closer to BBC English.They do not have a special accent except the Cockneys from the East End of London.(2)Northerners speak broader EnglishHowever, the northerners speak broader English than the southerners, and often leaveout the article “the” and the possessive adjectives “my”, “your”, “their”, etc.4.The way the Welsh keep their language and culture aliveThrough Eisteddfodau (Eisteddfod)(1)The Eisteddfod (literally 'sitting') is a Welsh festival of literature, music, and song. Thetradition of such a meeting of Welsh artists dates back to at least the 12th century.The most important eisteddfod is the National Eisteddfod, held annually and usuallyalternating between North and South Wales, and taking place entirely in the Welshlanguage.(2)The Welsh are music lovers and are proud of their past.(3)Throughout the year they have festivals of song, dance and poetry called Eisteddfod(au),hold competitions in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art to keep the Welsh languageand culture alive.。
《英语国家概况》-_Chapter_1_Land_and_People
第一章国土与人民Ⅰ.英国的不同名称及其区域人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英格兰面积最大、人口最多，一般说来也最富裕。
因此人们常用英格兰指代英国，用英格兰人指代英国人。
这有时令苏格兰人和威尔士人不快，他们不认为自己是"英格兰人"，他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。
英国一直是世界上最重要的国家之一。
约一百年前，由于推行帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国，这个帝国占有世界上四分之一的人口，四分之一的面积。
它不仅在北美，而且在亚洲、非洲和澳洲都有殖民地。
但是两次世界大战大大削弱了英国，英国殖民地接二连三独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦所取代。
英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾经是英国殖民地变为现已独立的国家构成。
成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
英联邦没有特别的权力，是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定。
目前( 1991年) ，英联邦有50个成员国。
Ⅱ.英国的地理特征英国是个岛国，四周是海。
它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。
南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。
英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄，最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海峡，只有33公里宽。
英美概况 Chapter 1 Land and People
the Map of U.K.
❖ British Isles ❖ Britain ❖ Great Britain
Two large islands several small ones two states
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
❖ 3. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______
A. that have a large number of British immigrants
B. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
England, Wales Scotland
❖ 1. The British Isles are made up of________ A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland
❖ Britain ❖ Great Britain ❖ England ❖ The British Isles （不列颠群岛） ❖ The United Kingdom (the UK)
（联合王国） ❖ British Commonwealth
❖ The British Isles, Great Britain and England are geographical names, not the official names of the country, while the official name is the United Kingdom, but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.
Land and People
Chapter 01 Land and PeopleI.Different Names for Britain and its PartsThe British Isles refer to two large islands and hundreds of small ones.The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland.Britain, which is the larger of the two islands, forms the United Kingdom together with Northern Ireland.So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国).This mouthful name is often shortened as Britain, the United Kingdom or U.K, and its capital is London.The smaller island on the British Isles forms the Republic of Ireland, which has been an independent republic since 1949, and its capital is Dublin.There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain：England, Scotland and Wales.England is the largest, most populous and generally speaking the richest section.So people tend to use "England" and "English" when they mean "Britain" and "British".Britain, which used to be a large empire with one fourth of the world's people and one fourth of the world's land areas, declined as a result of the two world wars.In 1931 the British empire was replaced by the British Common Wealth(英联邦).The Commonwealthis a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements.The Commonwealth has no special powers.II.Geographical FeaturesBritain is an island country.It is surrounded by the sea.It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and North Sea in the east.The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover, which is only 33 km across.In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that the two countries could be connected together.After eight years of hard work this channel, which is called "Chunnel", was open to traffic in May 1994.The Chunnel facilitates(促进) commercial, social, and cultural exchange between Great Britain and the Continent to an unprecedented degree.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands.The east and southeast are mostly lowlands.England occupies the largest, being situated in the southern part of Britain with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north.The Pennines, which are a range of hills running from North Midlands to the Scottish border, are the principal mountain chain.The highest peak of England is Scafell, in the Lake District in north-west England.There are three natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands (苏格兰从地理上被分为三部分：北部的高地，中部低地和南部高原).Ben Nevis (1343m), the highest mountain in Britain is located in Scotland.Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.Wales is in the west of Great Britain.Snowdonia in the northwest is the highest mountain in Wales.The capital of Wales is Cardiff.Ⅲ.Rivers and LakesIn Britain, rivers do not freeze in winter.They play a very important role in the country's economy.The longest river is the Severn Rive r which is only 338 km long.The second largest and most important river in Britain is the Thames River (336km).Oxford is also on the Thames, in which the boat racing between the Oxford University and Cambridge University is world famous.River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.There are many lakes in Britain especially in northern Scotland.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland, which covers an area of 396 square kilometers.The Lake District, which is in north-west England and North Wales, is one of the popular tourist attractions in Britain.It is well known for its wild and beautifulscenery and 15 lakes.It was also the home of the Lake poets(湖畔派诗人) William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey of the 19th century Britain.IV.ClimateThough it seems that people are always complaining about the weather in Britain because it is rainy and so changeable and unpredictable, the climate in Britain is in fact a favorable one.It has a favorable maritime climate(海洋性气候)-winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.Three Factors that Influence the Climate:There are three factors that influence the climate in Britain: (1)The surrounding waters that balances the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.(2)The prevailing south-west winds which blow over the country all the year round bring warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperature moderate.(3)The North Atlantic Drift(北大西洋暖流), which is a warm current, passing the western coast of the British Isles.Since Britain's climate is of the maritime type, it is characterized by cool temperatures, frequent cloudy days and rainstorms.It changes from day to day, and this makes it difficult to forecast.Even the most reliable of the English weather experts find it hard to give a correct and reliable weather forecast.Day may break as a fine spring morning; an hour later black clouds may come from nowhere and bring a heavy rain.At midday it may be as cold as winter.Then in the later afternoon the sky will be clear and sunny.The uncertainty about the weather has had a definite effect upon the Englishman's character.It tends to make him cautious.For example, you may laugh when you see an Englishman going out on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a rain coat and carrying an umbrella.Soon, you will realize that your laughing is too soon to be reasonable.The British people are sensitive to privacy.They don't like to talk of personal affairs such as money, wage, age, or wealth, but they are fond of discussing the weather.Sometimes they even argue heatedly over what the weather is going to be like.Perhaps it is nothing more than a habit.But this habit has something to do with the changeability of the English weather, for people generally show great interest in what is uncertain.Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1000mm.Much of the rain comes down in drizzle(毛毛细雨).It takes a lot of time for so much rain to come down.As a result, more than half of the days of the year are rainy days.In Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre(夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》), we find: "It was a cold winter.The wind had brought dark clouds and heavy rain." This shows England has much rainfall even in winter.Generally speaking, as a result of the rainfall distribution in Britain there is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.V.The PeopleThe United Kingdom has a population of 59.6 million (2001), with an average population density of 244 persons per square kilometer.People in Britain are unevenly distributed.90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural, i.e.most people live in the cities and towns and only a few live in the country.There is a great concentration of population in England.The English are Anglo-Saxons(盎格鲁撒克逊人), but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts(凯尔特人).The Celts came to Britain after 700 ter they were conquered by the Romans.During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic Angles and Saxons invaded and conquered Britain.The Germanic conquerors give England its name "Angle" land.It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and English language were born.(正是由于诺曼征服者和被打败的盎格鲁撒克逊人的结合，才产生了英国人和英语。
英语课件 第一章
第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英国chapter1-Land-and-people
• numerous smaller islands. Of all the islands, the largest one is
• called Great Britain. The second largest one is Ireland, which
• is to the west of Great Britain. Thus, British Isles don’t refer to
•
---Belfast
• Sourthen Ireland
• Almost all members of the Commonwealth were once ruled by Britain as part of the British Empire.
• (6) Official name: • the U.K. = the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
English-Speaking Countries: A Survey
Part one The United Kingdom of of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 1 Land and People
• ⅠDifferent names for Britain and its
(3) England
As for the great importance of England in the U.K. , people often use the word “England” when they mean the country. Many foreigners are often confused, so they follow suit. However, the people in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland do not like it.
英语国家概况chapter1资料
Requirements:
1. Preview the text according to the questions after each chapter.
2. Your performance will be recorded and added to your final scores.
游人可登桥观看附近古城塔群景色，也可参观设在主塔内部
的博物馆和展览厅。原来旧桥的饰面石块拆下后运到美国亚 利桑那州哈瓦苏湖城，砌在一座钢筋混凝土桥的外面
f. Lakes:
the largest: the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland
the Lake District: in the north-west England and North Wales; well-known for its wild and beautiful scenery and 15 lakes. It is the home of the Lake poets W. Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and R. Southey in the 19th century.
4. the calamities
Fog, smog, frost and severe gales often cause great damage to crops and people’s life. In 1952 the sulphur dioxide in the four-day London smog left 4000 people dead or dying.
Britain:
57 mil
英语国家概况
英国第一章土地与人民一、究竟英国应该叫什么？英国的官方全称是the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnited Kingdom 常被用于政府会议和外交事务中，然而人们日常使用的Britain British 却是使用错误的术语，不能完整的指代一个拥有四个独立行政区划的联盟：英格兰England苏格兰Scotland威尔士Wales 北爱尔兰Northern Ireland。
前三者组成了大不列颠Great Britain，基于位置上的关系；北爱尔兰则指爱尔兰北部五岛。
这四个部分都有自己独一无二的特性，历史，语言和文化，自己的足球俱乐部，并且就苏格兰而言，拥有自己的法律和教育系统。
尽管在四个地区中，英格兰是最为人所知并且是占据主要部分的地区，单纯用England来指代英国还是too young。
英格兰是四个区域中最大的，人口最稠密的区域，总的来说就是最富的地方，就好像有些人用德州人来概括美国人，用巴伐利亚人来指代德国人一样。
不列颠群岛The Britain Isles也是一个地理名词，由两个主岛和数百小岛组成。
大不列颠Great Britain是两个住岛中更大的一部分，另一个是爱尔兰岛。
在爱尔兰岛Ireland上另一个国家是爱尔兰共和国the Republic of Ireland / Eire，它占据了这个岛上剩余的领土（岛的南部）。
1949年起独立，首都是都柏林Dublin。
但是，这还不算完。
在爱尔兰海Irish Sea上的马恩岛The Isle of Man（岛上有无尾猫，是这个国家的标志）和在英格兰南部的由Jersey, Guernsey和其他临近的小岛组成的海峡群岛Channel Islands都常被错认为是英国的一部分。
他们的居民说英语，他们的生活方式也几乎与大不列颠住岛上的人们的一致。
然而他们的的确确不是英国的一部分（突然想到钓鱼岛是中国的怎么回事= =！）也不是欧盟的成员。
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Teach English in a communicative way
• England: • The largest, southern part of Great Britain with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. • The largest, most populous, and the richest section. • Capital: London
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• north Atlantic Ocean • English Channel • North Sea
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• Part 3 River and lakes P7-8
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Improve your communicative skills in English Teach English in a communicative way
• Scotland: • It is in the north of Great Britain with many mountains, lakes, and islands. • Three natural zones: The Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands. • Capital: Edinburgh.
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• Where are the four parts? • Their capitals? • Their areas?
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• • • •
Wales: In the west of Great Britain. Most of Wales is mountainous. Capital: Cardiff.
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Questions
• 2. What is the capital of the UK? • It’s London.
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Questions
• 6. What is Commonwealth? • It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. • It has no special powers. • There are 50 member countries.
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• Northern Ireland: • The fourth part of the UK, taking up the northern fifth of Ireland. • Capital: Belfast.
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Vocabulary
1. freeze [fri:z] 结冰；冻结 2. the Thames [temz] 泰晤士河 3. transportation 运输 [7trAnspC:5teiFEn] 4. play an important role in… 在…方面起着重要作用 5. connect…to… 把…与…连接
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Teach English in a communicative way
Vocabulary
1. freeze [fri:z] 结冰；冻结 2. the Thames [temz] 泰晤士河 3. transportation 运输 [7trAnspC:5teiFEn] 4. play an important role in… 在…方面起着重要作用 5. connect…to… 把…与…连接
Teach English in a communicative way
Questions
• 3. What is the geographical position of the UK? • It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of the Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.
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Questions
• 5. What greatly weakened the UK in the history? • The two wars: World War Ⅰand World War Ⅱ
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Teach English in a communicative way
Vocabulary
1. official [E5fiFEl] • 官方的；正式的 2. geographical • 地理的 [7dViE5^rAfikEl] • 政治的 3. political [pE5litikEl] • 分区；划分 4. division [di5viVEn] • 人口稠密的 5. populous [5pCpjulEs] • 帝国主义者 6. imperialist • 扩张 [im5piEriElist] • 殖民地 7. expansion [iks5pAnFEn] • 多山的 8. colony [5kClEni] 9. mountainous [5mauntinEs ] Improve your communicative skills in English Teach English in a communicative way
Improve your communicative skills in English
Teach English in a communicative way
• Part 1 Different names and parts of Britain • P1-4 • Part 2 Geographical features P4-7
Teach English in a communicative way
Questions
4. What are the four main parts of the UK? The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and the Northern Ireland.
Vocabulary
10. have an area of… 11. have a population of… 12. be made up of… 13. lie in 14. lie on 15. lie to 16. lie off • • • • • • • 占地…;面积… 拥有人口… 由…组成的 位于…（范围内） 位于…（接壤） 位于…（不接壤） 位于…（常用于海岸）
Improve your communicative skills in English
Teach English in a communicative way
Vocabulary
1. official [E5fiFEl] • 官方的；正式的 2. geographical • 地理的 [7dViE5^rAfikEl] • 政治的 3. political [pE5litikEl] • 分区；划分 4. division [di5viVEn] • 人口稠密的 5. populous [5pCpjulEs] • 帝国主义者 6. imperialist • 扩张 [im5piEriElist] • 殖民地 7. expansion [iks5pAnFEn] • 多山的 8. colony [5kClEni] 9. mountainous [5mauntinEs ] Improve your communicative skills in English Teach English in a communicative way