Vocabulary
vocabulary
Counting word families
a. Lemmas(the most conservative way) A lemma is a set of related words that consists of the stem form and inflected forms that are all the same part of speech.
3.3 How Should Vocabulary be Learned?
• Meaning-focuses input(Listening and reading) • Meaning-focuses output(Speaking and writing)
• Deliberate vocabulary learning
LisБайду номын сангаасening
a. Low unknown vocabulary load b. Quantity of input----repeated listening (listen to the same story or materials several times over several days) c. Some deliberate attention to the unknown vocabulary can be encouraged by the teacher, 1.Defining unknown items 2.Noting them on the board 3. Allowing learners the opportunity to negotiate their meaning by asking for clarification 4. Non-negotiated learning from context
vocabulary
transport第一句名词，第二句动词。
翻译。
ransportation主要指概念上的运输，不可数；port具体的运输交通工具，可数。
prefer可以把rather than do 提到句首。
disadvantagedis- dislike disagree disappear dispeace distrusflowflow into 流入a flow of traffic车水马龙ever since动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay非：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrivepersuade 和advise/suggestadvise与suggest表示动作，说而不服或劝而不服。
（=try to persuade）persuade表示结果，是“成功地劝说，说服”的意思。
persuasive adj. 有说服力的cyclecyclist n.骑自行车的人graduate从……毕业后/毕业于什么学校After graduating from/one's graduation from…graduate in ...毕业于什么专业graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼finally和at last比不带感情色彩we all go away in the end.我们最终都会死去。
fondbe fond of 喜爱……stubbornstubborner stubbornest stubbornnessorginazeorganization 组织；团体detailin detail详细地determine二者都表示“决定（干某事）”，但determine强调动作；be determined表示状态。
vocabulary
Tape
___ ___half a year later we ____ all our things onto a wagon and ____ our farm. We traveled ____ four states and decided to spend the winter before ____ ____. At night, when we ____ , our wagons were driven to form a circle all around the camp fire. ____ ____ the desert, we ____ ____ ____ the Salt Lake Valley, which looked beautiful to us. For many weeks we had been ____ to seeing horses and oxen suffering from heat, thirst, and
作补语 高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况 不研究作主补的情况 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get catch leave set 值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补 只能是用于这些 词后 但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有 些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补） eg.I saw him singing now. Don't have the students studying all day. 注意 ：宾语与作宾补充的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓 关系 即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者 至于 现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被 动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可 无须深入
Vocabulary
Unit 3 为他人做介绍 见P28 ---Language Focus This is +人名, my +与介绍人的关系 （比如朋友，姐妹） 例： Xiaoyan, this is Polly, my girlfriend.
见p34---Language Focus
指示代词this（这个） , these（这些）, that（那个）, those（那些） 可以单独使用，也可以在后面加上名词 例： 1)These people are my friends. 2)That is Frank, my new friend. 3)Those people are Americans.
C．从 21——99 twenty，thirty, forty，fifty， sixty，seventy， eighty，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。 表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符 例: 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six
D．百位数 百位数用“hundred”， 表示几百，(ten hundred 数词不加-s) 在几十几与百位间加上and． 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight
C．第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的结尾数词变为序数词形式来表示。 例：one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
D．序数词的缩写形式 有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。 first——lst twentieth——20th second——2nd twenty-third——23rd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th
Vocabulary
15.[13-倒3]elaborate:adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的 vi.作详细阐述(~ on/upon sth) A spokesman declined to ~ on a statement released late yesterday. vt.详细制定;精心制作 ~ policy 16.[15-3]mail out:寄出；发出 同义词:send out emit 17.[16-5]sequence:n.一系列; 一连串(a ~ of) 次序; 顺序(in ~:依次,逐一)
18.[17-2]emerging:adj. 新兴的；出现的；形成的 emerge:vi. ①(从视线以外的地方) 出现; 出来(~ form) ②显露 (事实、结果) No new evidence ~ during the investigation.
It emerged that the company was going to be sold. 事已清楚,这 家公司准备售出. 19.[15-倒4]:measurable:adj. 可测量的；重要的；重大的 ~ improvements 显著的改进 20.[21-3]counteract:vt. 抵消；中和；阻碍 These exercises aim to ~ the effects of stress and tension.这 些训练旨在抵消压力与紧张的影响. 21.[24-倒2]drastically:adv. 彻底地；激烈地 drastic:adj. 激烈的；猛烈的;极端的 ~ measures/changes 严厉的措施;剧烈的变化 22.fuel-efficient:节能的 -efficient:“效率高的”,“充分利用的”：costefficient,energy-efficient
Vocabulary
Vocabulary Section 1注意：1-43题缺页44. d 不可抗拒的，有引诱力的45. b 艰难，劳苦46. c 退化，降级47. s 损耗，用尽48. b 关键，关键性人物（或事物）49. c 同义的50. d 宽宏大量，慷慨给予51. c 包围，围困besiege围困，包围52. d 命令decree颁布政令（法令）53. a 提高，升高enhance增强，提高54. c 令人鼓舞的exhilarating令人振奋的，令人高兴的55. d 不知道的，没觉察到的oblivious遗忘的，忘却的56. a 美丽的gorgeous华丽的，美丽的57. b 妨碍．打扰impede妨碍，阻碍58. a 缺乏的不足的meager贫乏的，不足的59. d 屈服，让步succumb屈服，屈从60. c 充分的，足够的ample充足的，丰富的61. d 无效repealed废止，撤销62. a 矛盾地paradoxically自相矛盾地63. b 奇特的，古怪的bizarre奇异的64. c 任意的，随便的haphazard随意的，偶然任意的65. c 危及jeopardize危害66. a 动机impetus推动力．促进67. b 离散，分散diffuse散布，使分散68. d 违反，冒犯infringe破坏，侵犯，违反69. c 即将来临的，逼近的impending迫近70. a 假定，设想hypothesis假设71. b 苦恼，极大的痛苦anguish痛苦，苦恼72. d 敌人adversary敌手，对手73. d 彻底搜查ransack搜查74. a 描述，描写depict描述，描写75. a 品种．种类species种类76. a vt.证实，确证77. b n.资料，材料；论据78. c 1.近视的2.缺乏判断力的79. b 格言（似）的，警句（似）的80. c 粗略地；疏忽地81. a 把…归因（于）；把…归属（于）82. b 本身的；本质的；固有的；内在83. d 非正统的；异端的84. a a. 缄默的，不说话的85. d 敌手；敌人；对手86. b 非正规的讨论会；非正式的学术报告会87. d 过分注意小事的；不重要的；微不足道的88. a 颠倒；曲解，反常；89. c 使苦恼；烦忧；折磨90. c 同伴；支持者；共谋人91. a 混杂物92. c 一致意见93. b 意志94. a 无情的；严厉的；残忍的95. d 对…负有义务96. a 不受影响的；不为所动的97. b 发表；表达98. c 达到最高点；达到高潮99. d 交战国100. d 由……决定101. c 无性的，无性生殖的102. d 巨大的；庞大的103. b purchase购买;procurement采购:arms procurement武器采购;commercial procurement商业采购104. a consonant with=in agreement with协调的，一致的105. b spunky adj.【口】有胆量的，勇气倍增106. a entrepreneur［法］企业家107. c lucre钱财，收益，=profit108. b crunch，咬嚼声；嘎吱声（credit) crunch信贷紧缩109. b laxness, lax adj.松的,松懈的，不严格的松弛的; slackness, slack adj. 松弛的，不流畅的，疏忽的，软弱的110. c flagrant adj.非常的,公然的；overt adj.明显的，公然的111. c Gospel福音；从上下文中可以看出，这里指的是Gospel music.112. b groupie流行乐队迷，想与流行乐队成员发生性关系的少女113. a litany连祷，冗长而枯燥的故事或陈述114. d （使）烦恼，（使）焦急; purgatory涤罪，炼狱,受苦受难的地方115. b peripatetic走来走去的,游历;shuttle diplomacy穿梭外交116. b hooligan n. 流氓；歹徒；恶棍；gangster n. 歹徒，士匪，强盗117. a teetotaler n.绝对禁酒者．禁酒主义者，滴酒不沾的人118. c chic adj.别致的；n.别致的款式（尤指妇女的服饰）119. b adroit adj.熟练的，机捷的；dexterous adj.灵巧的；敏捷的120. d riffraff n.地痞；流氓，<贬>乌合之众，群氓，<方>渣滓；scum n.泡沫，浮渣，社会渣滓；无用之人121. d cyberspace n.虚拟空间：网络空间122. c whipping boy here means scapegoat,替罪羊in Chinese.123. b piddling is equal to trivial in meaning; both are adjectives and mean不重要的，微不足道的in Chinese.124. a mammoth n.［古生］猛码，毛象，庞然大物；behemoth n.［圣经」河马，巨兽，庞然大物125. a euthanasia n.安乐死; euthanasia is almost the same in meaning with mercy-killing126. a perverted 误用的；被破坏的127. c aggregated聚合的；合计的128. b impinge损坏：撞击infringe破坏；侵犯129. c incursion袭击；侵人130. d albatross沉重负担131. a kindle引起；激起132. c overrate对……估价过高133. b priggishly自命不凡地，arrogantly傲慢地134. b affinity密切关系135. c hodgepodge混合物；大杂烩jumble混乱136. a grim严厉的；冷酷的stern:严厉的；苛刻的137. c haphazard随便的；偶然的138. b resurgence:苏醒；复活139. d impervious:不受影响的；不为所动的140. b animosities:憎恶；仇视141. a latifundio领地；大庄园142. c oligarchy寡头政治despotism专制143. b entrenched牢固的树立；扎根于144. a heathen异教徒pagan异教徒145. d affiliations关系；联盟146. d inextricably不可避免地147. a obliterated毁灭；除去148. b renascence再生；新生149. d exhortation主张；倡议150. d mitigate缓和；减轻mollify缓和；平息Vocabulary Section 21. a count on：指望2. a out of the question：impossible。
vocabulary 词汇表
spectacular via borough
spectacularly
adj prep n
Westminster
amendment
a small change or improvement a document; that the of is made to a law or process document
consequent
consequently
v
asynchronous
TWO OR
OR
MORE
adj
OBJECTS
EVENTS)
existing
or
happening at the same time to be a typical of Her early work is exemplified in her book, ‘A Study of Children's Minds’. Knead the dough on a floured surface
TRANSITIVE]
pharmaceutials
adj
pharmaceutical products
making and selling
mumble
mutter
v
I could hear him mumbling to himself
to speak
or say something in a quiet voice in a way clear that is not Don't get upset—I was only
synchronous
happening or existing at the same time concerning most basic the and
vocabulary是什么意思及音标
vocabulary的音标：英音 [ və'kæbjuləri ]；美音 [ və'kæbjuləri ]vocabulary的意思是：可数名词讲解：1.（语言、个人、行业或知识领域等所使用的）词汇（量）2.（外语教科书等书后通常按词序排列并注释义的）词汇表，词汇汇编3.【喻】词汇；词表词形变化：复数：vocabularies。
同义词：lexicon，mental lexicon。
单词分析：这些名词均有“文字，词，语言”之意。
word：普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
vocabulary：集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
language：普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
term：指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
lexicon：指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
vocabulary的英语解释：the system of techniques or symbols serving as a means of expression (as in arts or crafts) a listing of the words used in some enterprisea language user's knowledge of words相关短语：vocabulary entry n. 词条controlled vocabulary 可控制词表，规范化词表nonterminal vocabulary 非终结符号表pre-coordinate vocabulary 先组式词表sophisticated vocabulary 复杂指令集，精细词汇表specialized vocabulary 专业词汇vocabulary equivalence declaration 词汇表等价说明vocabulary growth 词汇的增长vocabulary of terms 名词术语vocabulary test 词汇测验vocabulary的例句：This would dissolve a vocabulary into an infinite number of nonce words这将使一张词汇表分解成无数临时的词。
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My travel in Beijing
the Tiananmen Square the Forbidden City Wangfujing Street the Ba Daling section of the Great wall the Ming Tombs the Temple of Heaven the Summer Palace Yuanmingyuan the Bird Nest Water Cube
trolleybuses 4)If you sit upstairs in a doubledecker bus, you’ll have a good (T)
view of the city.
double-decker
5)There buast all.
is
not
a
night
bus
service(F)
the Temple of Heaven
Water Cube
the Summer Palace
the Bird Nest
24 hours a day raise your hand appear in no time
You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.
paid for something fare : the price of a ticket rush hour : the busiest time of day route : the road the public transport service
uses regularly destination: the place you want to go
Step1 Skimming
How many means of transport are mentioned in the text?
What are they?
Means of transport
Taxis
Buses and Trolleybuses
Minibuses
Pedicabs
Underground
taxi / cab 2)What should you do when you take a taxi?
You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.
2. Read para.2 and decide if these sentences are true(T)
The buses are very convenient and the fares are cheap. But it's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour. The buses have specific routes, which can take us to the destination.
Reading
New Words
single : (a ticket for) a one-way journey return : (a ticket for) a two-way journey permit : a document which gives you the right
to do something receipt : a document which shows you have
A. Buses
B. Underground
C. Pedicabs D. Minibuses
பைடு நூலகம்
4. Read para. 4and fill in the blanks
1)Several underground lines are under_c_o_n_st_r_u_c_t_io_n. 2) Trains are fast and ___c_o_n_v_e_n_i_e_n_t_____________. 3) A one-way trip costs___3__y_u_a_n________________. 4) The underground is open from _5_a_m__to_1_1_:0_0_p_m_.
or false(F)
1)There are 20,000 buses and trolley buses, so they are not
(F)
bus
crowded.
2)Air-conditioned buses cost less
than ordinary ones.
(F)
3)Buses numbered 1 to 100 are (F) limited to travel outside the city.
3. Read para.3 and choose the best answer 1)How many people can get in a
minibus?( A )
A.12 B.1 C.4 D.50
2) Minibuses offer an alternative to
_____taxis and _____ public
Step2 Detailed Reading
1. Read para.1 carefully and answer the questions.
1)How easy is it to find a taxi in Beijing?
Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.
Book4 Module2
Reading
裴苏宁
single return
I bought a single ticket of train to Beijing.
My first day
the Forbidden City
My second day
the Ming Tombs
My third day
transport.(C )
A. expensive, empty B. cheap, empty
C. expensive, crowded
minibuses D. cheap, crowded
3) Which transport can you take if you
want to get a seat in rush hours.(D )