苏州园林英文介绍

苏州园林英文介绍the Humble Administrator's GardenCovering51,950 sq.m,theHumbleAdministrator'sGarden is thelargest of allclassicalgardens inSuzhou. It iscentered upon the broad expanse of a lake, making up about onefifth of the total area. With well spaced buildings, the gardenlandscape and water scape are simple, extensive and natural,possessing the traditional appearances of the Ming Dynasty. It is divided into three parts; the eastern, middle the western parts. The house lies in the south of the garden.The middle part is the cream of the garden with marvellous mountains, clear water, exquisite buildings and exuberant trees and flower reminiscent of the scenery in the south of the Lower Yangtze. Lying here and there to the south of the lake are garden buildings and courts in cluster. On an east-west axis there's the Hall of Drifting Fragrance in the middle, flanked by the Loquat Garden Court, the Malus Micromalus Makina court, the Poeny Pavilion, the Listening to the Sound of Rain Pavilion, the small canglang, "A Pure Mind Thinks Deep", and the Magnolia Hall. Rising from the lake are the east and west hills made from a mixture of earth and rocks, and covered with trees. the Prunus Mume Pavilion and the Orange Pavilion stand atop of the hills.By the side of the lake there are forsythias gently stroking the surface of water, and bringing about delightful effects of nature. Much of the surprise comes from the disposition of the Fragrant ISle, the pavilion in lotus breezes and the Mountain-in-View Tower to the west of the lake.from the secluded pavilion of Firmiana Simplex and Bamboo one is able to catch sight of thepagoda of paying debts of gratitude in distance. The picturesquescene of the pagoda mirrored in water is an example of the gardentechnique called "borrowed view from afar".The buildings in the western part of the garden are properlyarranged by the lake.To the south of the lake is a big mandarinduck's hall with two halves. The northern half is named "the Hall of36 pairs of mandarin ducks" and the southern half "the hall of 18 camellias ". built to the west of the lake are the Inducalamus Pavilion, the "With Whom Shall ISit"?pavilion,the Floating Green Tower, the Stay-and-Listen Pavilion, the Pagoda Reflectionpavilion.Going up and down and in a zigzag, a unique veranda over the water is a stucture built along the wall to the east of the lake. The Good-For-Both-Families Pavilion on the top of the hill overlooks the middle and western parts, another example of the garden technique called " borrowed view from near".Decorated with the Cymbidium Virens Hall, the lotus pavilion, the Celestial Spring Pavilion, the Far Away Looking Pavilion and the All blue Pavilion, the eastern part of the garden has verdant hills with pineand bamboo , distant islands encircled by winding streams, and anextensive area of grass, flowers and trees.Glowing out of the mud, lotus blooms still keep themselves pureand clean. The farther theirsmell drifts the purer it becomes. A goodnumber of buildings in the garden are named after lotus blooms,often known as "a true person of the virtue "among flowers, such as the Hall of Drifting Fragrance,the Lotus Pavilion, the pavilion in the Lotus Breeze, and theStay-and-Listen Pavilion,expressing the theme of the whole garden----to be pure as lotus blooms.Lying to the south of the garden is the house, which is the typical residence in Suzhou. Onanorth-south axis there are four successive buildings, namely the Sedan-Chair Hall, the Reception Hall and two two-storeyed buildings. to the east of the axis are the Mandarin Ducks' Hall with flower-basket decoration, the Flower Hall and the Four -Sided Viewing Hall.The Humble administrator's Garden boasts altogether 48 different buildings, 101 parallel couplets and door plateaux, 40 stelae, 21 precious old trees, namely Wistaria, Sabina chinensis, Pterocarya stenoptera,etc.falling into 13 different catalogues, and over 700 bonsai (potted landscape) kept in the Bonsai Garden in the western part of the garden, representing the Suzhou style bonsai, one of the four leading bonsai styles in china.the Lingering GardenThe Lingering Garden was listed from thefirst as cultural relics of national importance in1961. With an area of 23,310 sq.m.it iscelebrated for its artistic way of dealing withthe spaces between various kinds ofarchitectural form.Buildings make up one thirdof the total area of the garden,the hall of which being the most remarkable in Suzhou. The garden is separated into the middle ,eastern,northern and western parts. The ancestral temple and the house lie to the south of the garden.Featuring man-made mountain and lake scenery in the west and garden courts in the east,the middle part of the garden is the original site of the Xu's East Garden and the Liu's Hanbi Villa,and is regarded as the best part of the whole garden. The eastern,northern and western parts are the extensions of the Sheng's Garden. The eastern part is noted for its strangely shaped limestones,the northern part idyllic scenes,and the western part the delights of woody hills.A winding roofed walkway behind the small entrance of the garden,while leading to the places of quietude,shows the masterly use of contrast between big and small,straight and zigzag,and light and shade. After strolling for about 50 meters,one can catch a glimpse of lattice-windows revealing a half visible landscape garden behind. Interestingly enough,the view is changing at every step.The middle part of the garden is centered upon a lake with man-made moutain in the north-west and a numger of attractive buildings in the southwest ,such as the Hanbi Moutain Villa ,the Pellucid Tower,the Green Shade Pavilion,the Zigzag Stream Tower,the Hao Pu Pavilion,and the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the lake.The mountains made mainly of yellowstones and earth,believed to be desigtned and piled upby Zhou Binzhong,look very much archaic andsplendiferous.The admirable Crane House, the SmallGarden of Stone Forest, the Return-to-Read Study in theeast with the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks as the chiefstucture are laid out in such a way that the indoor spaceshave been brought into perfect harmony with the outdoorspaces. With an evocation of infinity,they are successfullymade to be labyrinthine.Flanked by the Auspicious Cloud and Mountainous Cloud peaks,the 6.5-meter-high Cloud-Capped Peak, the highest limestone in the classical gardens of Suzhou, is believed to be left behind by the imperial collector of the Northern Song Dynasty,Mass of buildings, including the Old Hermit Scholars' House, the Cloud-Capped Tower,the Cloud-Capped Terrace and the Awaiting Cloud Temple,are put up to give emphasis to the Cloud-Capped Tower,The northern part is now a bonsai garden in which about 500 valuable bonsai are put on display.The western part of the garden sets a fine example of good-looking earthen hills studded with yellowstones and covered with maple trees.There is a winding brook lined with peach trees and weeping willows.The number of stelae in the Lingering Garden has never been surpassed by any other gardens in Suzhou.Superbly inscribed with the works of more than a hundred calligraphers in theJin,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming ,and Qing Dynasties, these invaluable stelae bring to light the evolutionary course of Chinese calligraphy in the past 1,000 years.The whole garden possesses with pride 42 rooms and halls , a 670-meter-long roofed walkway,200 lattice-windows of different kinds, 44 parallel couplets and stone carvings , 373 stelae,and 17 such valuable old trees as gingkoes,southern wistaria,etc. which fall into 8the Lion Forest GardenCompactly yet harmoniously spaced,the LionForest Garden has a prominent part for series ofman-made mountains with various buildings around thelake ,and an artificial waterfall and cliffs at the edge ofthe lake on the west. Remains of the 14th centuryman-made mountains,covering 1,152 sq.m.and beingthe largest of all at Suzhou,can be still seentoday.Noted for its labyrinthine mountains with windingpathways and caverns,old pines and cypresstrees,awesome peaks and jogged rocks of grotesqueshapes resembling dancing lions with striking andunusral poses,it possesses with pride the true delightsof mountain and forest scenery in limited space with aflavor of Zen Buddhism.The Hall of Peace and Happiness,one of theprincipal buildings in the garden,is amaster-piece of typical mandarin ducks'hall atSuzhou. Divided in halves, the northern halfof the hall differs from the southen half inmany particular aspects ,such asbeam-framingsystems,furnishings,pavements,carvings,window designs and so forth.With paintedpatterns and beam carvings and lookingsplendid in green and gold,the True DelightPavilion in the royal style with the "True Delight "tablet inscribed by the Qing Emperor Qianlong is a main viewing place in the garden and differs from the other plain and elegant gardens of Suzhou.Other buildings include the pointing at Cypress Trees Hall,the Asking Prunus Mume Pavilion and the Stone Boat, etc.The Lion Forest Garden boasts 22 buildings of varied types, 25tablets and plateaux,71steles inscribed with the famous Calligraphy Collection of the Listening to Rain Tower,23 brick carvings,5 carved wooden screens,and 13 valuable old trees such as gingo biloba L.,pinus bungeanaZucc,etc.,which fall into 5 catalogues.the Canglang PavilionCelebratedfor thedelights of thewilderness ofmountain andforestscenery,theCanglangPavilion is theoldest among the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. The exact location of the Canglang Pavilion can be found in the Song Dynasty map of Pingjiang (Suzhou,A.D.1229) inscribed on the stele.The northern Song poet Su Sunqin said in "A Record of the Canglang Pavilion","...To the east of the Confucian Temple were earthen hills covered with trees and grass,and a wide expanse of water,quite different from the urban scenes... I was reluctant to leave because I fell in love with this place.So I bought it for 20,000 coins,built a pavilion on the rock projecting over the water on the north and called it the Canglang Pavilion."Fan Chenda wrote in "Historical Records of Wu Jun" under the Song Dynasty,"The Canglang Pavilion is located to the south of the Confucian Temple,fronting an area of about 1.6 ac.of water space...During the reign of Qingli(1044 A.D.) Su Sunqing bought it and built a pavilion by the water,called the Canglang Pavilion...The name of the Canglang has been known to all far and wide since then." On the whole the present garden of the Canglang Pavilion still keeps the style of the Song.Itfeatures a range of man-made moutains inside the gardenand waterscapes outside.Proceeding past the pure expanseof water over a zigzag bridge of stone and through theentrance,one comes to the garden and catches sight ofman-made mountain covered with age-old trees andbamboo,running from east to west. At the foot of themountains are rocky slops.The Canglang Pavilion in theshape of a square stands at the top of the mountain and hasa parallel couplet from the Song poets on the stone pillars toheighten artistic conception,reading ,"The refreshing breezeand the bright moon are priceless,the nearby water and thedistant mountains strike a sentimental note,"Most of thegarden buildings,simple and plain,were rebuilt in the QingDynasty,carefully arranged around the mountains andconnected by a long roofed walkway. A double-corridor builtby the canal lies to the northof the garden,unifying waterscapes outside the garden and "mountain scenery" inside in one breath through its latticed windows, one of incredible examples of borrowed scenes in the classical gardens of Suzhou.There're over 100 different latticed windows with impressive designs,possessing extremely high artistic value.To the south of the mountains is the chief building of the garden,called "the Enlightenment Hall". Other building include the Smelling Prunus Mume Pavilion,the Realm of Yaohua (Yaohua is said to be akind of jade-like,sweet-smelling flower in the Chinese garden of Eden,which can help prolong the life expectancy of those who behold it.),the Mountain-in-View Tower,the Elegant Bamboo House,the Temple of 500 Sages,the Pure Fragrance House, the Imperial Stele Pavilion,the Pavilion Fronting Water, the Fish Watching Spot, the Water Pavilion of Lotus Fragrance,and the Prunus Mume pavilion.The garden has altogether 20 different building, 22 plateaux and tablets, 23 parallel couplets,153 steles,and 12 such valuable old trees as gingo biloba L.,pterocarya stenoptera,celtis sinensis pers,camellia japenica L.,santalum album,chimonanthus praecox,etc., which fall into 10 catalogues,70 kinds of valuable cymbidium spp.,and 18 kinds of bambusoideae。