2012年中山大学金融研究生英语期末试题
中山大学金融专硕真题
中山大学金融专硕真题一、单项选择题（每小题各有4个选项，请选出最合适的1个选项。
本部分共20小题，每小题2分，共计40分）1、假设其他情况不变，以下何种情况会导致一国的基础货币减少？（）A、中央银行增加黄金储各B、商业银行向中央银行归还借款C、中央银行向财政部透支D、中央银行在二级市场上买入国债2、根据凯恩斯主义的分析方法，总需求可以写成（）。
A，Y二C+I+G+NX B，Y=C+I+G - NXC，Y=C - I - G - NX D，Y=C+I - G - NX3、各国中央银行货币发行准备基本上包括两种：一种是现金准各，另一种是（）。
A、商品保证准备B、票券保证准备C、信用保证准备D、外汇保证准备4、超额存款准备金等于（）。
A，库存现金十商业银行在中央银行的存款B、法定存款准备率+库存现金C、存款准备金+法定存款准备金D、存款准备金一法定存款准备金5、若中央银行在公开市场上大量抛售有价证券，意味着货币政策（）。
A，放松B、收紧C、不变D、不一定6、在我国的货币层次划分中，一般将“外币存款”划入如下哪个层次（）。
A，M0 B，M1 C，M2 D，M37、下列有关弗里德曼与凯恩斯的货币需求理论的表述哪一个是错误的（）。
A、在凯恩斯的货币需求函数中，利率仅限于债券利率B、在弗里德曼的货币需求函数中，收入指的是具有高度稳定性的恒久收入C、凯恩斯认为，货币需求的利率弹性较低，即对利率不敏感D、弗里德曼认为，货币流通速度高度稳定8、金本位制下决定汇率的基础是（）。
A、金平价B、铸币平价C、法定平价D、黄金输出入点9、来自休斯顿美国公民鲍勃购买一股新发行的英国石油公司的股票，这项交易应该记在美国国际收支平衡表的哪个账户？（）。
A、经常账户B、资本账户C、金融账户D、直接投资账户10、为避免美元汇率变动的风险，A公司在外汇市场上买进即期美元外汇的同时，卖出等量的远期美元外汇，这叫做（）。
A、套汇B、套利C、掉期D、投机11、布雷顿森林协议在对会员国缴纳的资金来源中规定（）。
中山大学研究生英语期末考试题2培训讲学
中山大学研究生英语期末考试题2Passage 1One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set outto find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were ava ilable to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say ‘buy me, buy me’.”1 Vicary’s curiosity was aroused by the fact that _________.A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in women’s buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of ________.A. the truth or falsity of a statementB. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state of a person3 Mr. Vicary’s test ________________.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering the store, decreasedrather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a woman’s reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible todetermine4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _____________.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD. women develop an inferiority complex when in supermarkets5 Implied but not stated: _______________.A. Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove their original premisesD. Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden moviecamerasPassage 2In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.6 “Bricks” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how _________.A. mathematicians approach scienceB. building a house is like performing experimentsC. science is more than a collection of factsD. scientific experiments have led to improved technology7 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important toscientists when they ________.A. evaluate previous work on a problemB. formulate possible solutions to a problemC. gather known factsD. close an investigation8 In the last paragraph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown”in order to show that hypotheses ________________.A. are sometimes ill-conceivedB. can lead to dangerous resultsC. go beyond available factsD. require effort to formulate9 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function ofhypotheses?A. Sifting through known facts.B. Communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others.C. Providing direction for scientific research.D. Linking together different theories.10 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B. It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C. A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D. A good scientist needs to be creative.Passage 3For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able toexercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’ working live s. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable --- for themselves --- by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11 In the writer’s opinion, people judge others by_________.A. the type of work they doB. the place where they workC. the time they spend at workD. the amount of money they earn12 According to the writer, in the future, work will ________.A. matter less than it does nowB. be as important as it is nowC. be better paid than it is nowD. offer more satisfaction13 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems?A. A reduction in the number of strikesB. Equality in salariesC. A more equal distribution of responsibilityD. An improvement in moral standards14 What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers?A. They cannot lose their jobs.B. They get time off to attend courses.C. They can work at whatever interests them.D. They can make their own decisions.15 Working conditions generally remain bad because _______________.A. the workers are quite satisfied with themB. no one can decide what to do about themC. managers see no need to change themD. office workers want to protect their positionsPassage 4Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however,about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, most distinctive feature – ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given t hat two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.16 What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.17 Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs (Paragraph 1)?A. They are approximately the same size.B. They share many similar species.C. Most of their inhabitants require water.D. Both have many different forms of life.18 The passage suggests that most rain forest species are ________________.A. insectsB. bacteriaC. mammalsD. birds19 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rainforests because ____________.A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaB. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate20 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.C. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.Passage 5Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common; they differ infinitely, but sill they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will to the death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of the creation of life – as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of new life, each risks it – and in the risk commits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is – again literally –to triumph over death. It is a surgeon’s triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.21 Although the author says that battles are horrible, he also says that_________.A. most people find fascination in themB. there is no battle aim worthy of the nameC. one should love life and not deathD. fighting to end battles is justifiable22 The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end other than peace is________.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction23 The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must_________.A. make a unionB. compromise his beliefsC. take the risks he has committed himself toD. recognize that death is the reverse of life24 The article says that a surgeon can triumph when he_____________.A. performs a successful operationB. triumphs over the bodyC. removes a cancerD. cuts out that which is life-destroying25 Implied by the a uthor, but not stated: “I have found peace as I _________.”A. think about life and deathB. return to an army that fights death and cynicismC. consider becoming a surgeonD. r ecognize that life and hope can triumph if one fights for themPassage 6There is little question that substantial labor-market differences exist between men and women. Among the most researched difference is the male-female wage gap. Many different theories are used to explain why men earn more than women. One possible reason is based on the limited geographical mobility of married women(Robert Frank, 1978). Family mobility is a joint decision in which the needs of the husband and wife are balanced to maximize family welfare. Job-motivated relocations are generally made to benefit the primary earner in the family. This leads to a constrained job search for the secondary earner, as he or she must search for a job in a limited geographic area. Since the husband is still the primary wage earner in many families, the job search of the wife may suffer. Individuals who are tied to a certain area are labled ‘tied-stayers’, while secondary earners who move for the benefit of the family are labeled ‘tied-movers’(Jacob Mincer, 1978).The wages of a tied-stayer or tied-mover may not be substantially lower if the family lives in or moves to a large city. If a large labor market has more cacancies, the wife may locate a wage offer near the maximum she would find with a nation-wide search. However, being a tied-stayer or tied-mover can lower the wife’s wage if the family livesin or moves to a small community. A small labor market will reduce the likelihood of her finding a job that utilizes her skills. As a result she may accept a job for which she is overqualified and thus earn a lower wage. This hypothesized relationship between the likelihood of being overqualified and SMSA size is termed ‘differential overqualification.’Frank (1978) and Haim Ofek and Yesook Merrill(1994) provide support for the theory of differential overqualification by finding that the male-female wage gap is greater in smaller SMSA’s.While the results are consistent with the existence of differential overqualification, they may also result from other situations as well. Firms in small labor market may use their monopsony power to keep wages down. Local demand shocks are found to be a major source of wage variation both across and within local labor market(Roberts Topel, 1986). Since large labor markets are generally more diversified, a demand shock can have a substantial impact on immobile workers in small labor markets. Another reason for examining differential overqualification involves the assumption that there are more vacancies in large labor markets. While there is little doubt that more vacancies exist in large labor markets, there are also likely to be more people searching for jobs in large labor markets. If the greater number of vacancies is offset by the larger number of searchers, it is unclear whether women will be more likely to be overqualified in smalllabor market. Instead of relying on wages to determine if differential overqualification exists, we consider an explicit form of overqualification based on education.26 According to the author, the male-female wage gap ________.A is justifiedB has important repercussions on family lifeC represents a sexist attitude toward womenD is simply one of a considerable number of labor-market differences27 “Geographical mobility( Para. 1)” as used in the passage, refers to ________.A the way in which Americans tend to move from job to jobB the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfareC the necessity to relocate in order to increase wagesD all of the above28 The difference between a ‘tied-stayer’ and a ‘tied-mover’ is that ________.A the primary earner is forced to search for work in a specific area while thesecondary earner is freer to roam aboutB the former is obliged to remain in an area while the latter is notC the former is the wife and the later is the husbandD the latter’s salary is of secondary importance to the former’s salary29 With which of the following statements would the author agree?A The size of the labor market determines recompense.B The size of the labor market determines acquired skills utilization.C The size of the labor market determines the probability of matching skills withappropriate wage level.D All of the above.30 The names and dates between parentheses ________.A refer to bibliographical entriesB explain who discussed what and when they discussed itC are references to what the author has readD may be described by all of the abovePart II. Vocabulary and Structure （40x0.5=20points）Section A: In this section, there are 20 incomplete sentences, each with four items marked A, B, C and D. Choose one item that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31.What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to ________without any career consequence?A. whoop it upB. unload opinionsC. hang aroundD. incur a debt32.The Single in the past, of the _______ego and much-watched answering machine, wastraditionally at the margin of society: a figure of fun, pity and awe.A. archlyB. gallantlyC. wobblyD. allegedly33. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might ________ on the rights of law-abidinggun owners, had already voted against the bill.A. infringeB. IntegrateC. InferiorD. incorporate34. This event is called a party --- a place where one _______ without worrying aboutbeing judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.A. rest upB. fork outC. pull backD. let loose35. A host of other singles services have sprung up, from dogwalkers to alarm systems toagencies that will water your plants or b ring you aspirin and coffee when you’re_________.A. hung aroundB. hung overC. hung upD. hung on36. The layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme ofcentralization that ______ French culture.A. fantasizesB. internalizesC. socializesD. characterizes37. In the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, streets and buildings arenumbered __________.A. quintessentiallyB.archaeologicallyC. sequentiallyD. dysfunctionally38. In middle-class America, specific spaces are _________ for specific activities.A. populatedB. dominatedC. designatedD. validated39. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by thearchaeological evidence _______ in ancient Indian cities.A. undefinedB. uncoveredC. undoneD. untitled40. Today about a fifth of all married couples still ______ the old-style marriage in whichthe wife stays home to raise children and the husband works.A. opt withB. opt toC. opt forD. opt against41. He doesn't conform to the usual ________ of the city businessman with a dark suit androlled umbrella.A. stereotypeB. controversyC. geneticsD. custody42. They were told to take whatever action they ________ necessary.A. seemedB. inhibitedC. prohibitedD. deemed43. When the war broke out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking_______ in the neighboring country.A. caseworkB. smugnessC. sancturyD. riff44. We should strengthen regulation, prevent and ______ financial risks so as to providebetter banking services for economic and social development.A. plunkB. defuseC. violateD. strive45. Bothered by terrorism, world leaders are now united in their _____ for peace.A. questB. intimacyC. validationD. condo46. With his prison record and lack of experience, he’s already got two _____ against himwhen he applies for a job.A. advantagesB. aspirationsC. strikesD. knockers47. Robert has developed a ________ on his shoulder about not going to universitybecause of his poor family.A. chopB. carpC. chipD. chaw48. New computer systems have made old methods of data processing _______ .A. unfazedB. pretentiousC. substantiveD.obsolete49. Although they are always at the center of things, they tend to be loners and are ____ tostress when life becomes difficult.A. proneB. aboutC. motiveD. sturdy50. In recent years, young parents, female professionals, and well-educated parents aremore likely to ______ their children into more equal gender roles.A. perceiveB. dominateC. socializeD. prescribePart BDirections: In this section, there are 20 complete sentences, each with an underlined part. Replace each underlined word/phrase with one of the four items marked A, B, C and D that best keeps its meaning and mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.51.In view of the insecurity of online shopping, doing a little bit of research beforepurchasing will protect you against a dodgy seller trying to pull a fast one.A.make profitB. deceiveC. get rich quickD. make a deal52. She hasn’t ruled out marriage, but wouldn’t give up her freedom for a man.A. clutchedB. intrudedC. excludedD. included53. The dilemma posed by modern medical technology has created the growing newdiscipline of bioethics.A.ProposedB. imposedC. presentedD. represented54. Global warming could wreak havoc in China. The rise in temperatures would worsenthe water shortage problem in North China, in the area of Three Gorges Dam it warned heavy rainfall and could trigger landslides or mudflows,A.vistaB. libidoC. damageD. fusion55. Married types who have bickered once too often about toothpaste caps or dust bunniesare opting to live apart in peace rather than together in stress.A. groanedB. trampedC. strainedD. quarrelled56. The point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, it is showingappreciation of the staff.A. reprimandingB. remindingC. commandingD. demanding57. In the wake of technology’s advances in medicine, a heated debate is taking place inhospitals and nursing homes across the country.A.WithB. WithoutC. ForD. Against58. The doctors threatened to take us to court if we didn’t go along with their procedures.A. coincide withB. agree withC. afflict withD. grapple with59. Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space-age techniques has outstripped thebody’s capacity to heal.A. excelledB. excludedC. exceededD. externalized60. Millions of singles yearning for escape zones or solitude are straining Europe’s cityhousing market.A. opting forB. fighting forC. searching forD. longing for61. The little girl regarded me with suspicion as I approached the door.A. condonedB. appalledC. frayedD. gazed at62. With the development of science and technology, some scientists believe that soon itwill be commonplace for people to travel to the moon.A. ordinaryB. unusualC. impulsiveD. devastating63. When the girl was not elected for the varsity team, her mother flew into a rage, cursingand calling the coach all sorts of names.A. beamed with prideB. petered outC. rode the waveD. gotangry64. Both in revolution and in construction we should also learn from foreign countries anddraw on their experience, but mechanical application of foreign experience andcopying of foreign models will get us nowhere.A. concurB. useC. attestD. impart。
2012年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
2012年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)Without some appreciation of common large numbers, it"s impossible to react with the proper skepticism to terrifying reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year, or with the proper sobriety to a warhead carrying a megaton of explosive power—the equivalent of a million tons(or two billion pounds)of TNT. And if you don"t have some feeling for probabilities, automobile accidents might seem a relatively minor problem of local travel, whereas being killed by terrorists might seem to be a major risk when going overseas. As often observed, however, the 45, 000 people killed annually on American roads are approximately equal in number to all Americans dead in the Vietnam War. On the other hand, the seventeen Americans killed by terrorists in 1985 were among the 28 million of us who traveled abroad that year—that"s one chance in 1. 6 million of becoming a victim. Compare that with these annual rates in the United States; one chance in 68, 000 of choking to death; one chance in 75 , 000 of dying in a bicycle crash; one chance in 20, 000 of drowning; and one chance in only 5, 300 of dying in a car crash. Confronted with these large numbers and with the correspondingly small probabilities associated with them, the innumerate will inevitably respond with the non sequitur, * "Yes, but what if you"re that one, " and then nod knowingly, as if they"ve demolished your argument with penetrating insight. This tendency to personalize is a characteristic of many who suffer from innumeracy. Equally typical is a tendency to equate the risk from some obscure and exotic malady with the chances of suffering from heart and circulatory disease, from which about 12, 000 Americans die each week. There"s a joke I like that"s marginally relevant. An old married couple in their nineties contact a divorce lawyer, who pleads with them to stay together. "Why get divorced now after seventy years of marriage?" The little old lady finally pipes up in a creaky voice: "We wanted to wait until the children were dead. " A feeling for what quantities or time spans are appropriate in various contexts is essential to getting the joke. Slipping between millions and billions or between billions and trillions should in this sense be equally funny, but it isn"t, because we too often lack an intuitive grasp for these numbers. A recent study by Drs. Kronlund and Phillips of the University of Washington showed that most doctors" assessments of the risks of various operations, procedures, and medications(even in their own specialties)were way off the mark, often by several orders of magnitude. I once had a conversation with a doctor who, within approximately 20 minutes, stated that a certain procedure he was contemplating(a)had a one-chance-in-a-million risk associated with it;(b)was 99 percent safe; and(c)usually went quite well. Given the fact that so many doctors seem to believe that there must be at least eleven people in the waiting room if they"re to avoid being idle, I"m not surprised at this new evidence of their innumeracy. *A non sequitur is a statement that does not follow logically from previous statements.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred to be the author"s view of the " reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year"(Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.They are typical examples of American journalism.B.They are evidence of a terrible problem that must be addressed.C.They are probably untrue.D.They demonstrate an American obsession with statistics.(2).The list of probabilities cited in Paragraph 2 is intended to illustrate______.（分数：2.00）A.that probability can be used in many different ways in everyday lifeB.that terrorism is far less a threat to Americans than many other common dangersC.that the world is filled with many dangersD.that a knowledge of probability can help Americans decide where to travel most safely abroad(3).Which of the following is NOT an element of the discussion in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.A refutation of a scientific theory.B.A personal recollection.C.A reference to an authoritative study.D.A discussion of a common misconception.(4).What is the author"s view of the "penetrating insight" mentioned in Line 3 , Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.It is the result of careful analysis.B.It is illogical.C.It demolishes a statistical argument.D.It does not sufficiently personalize the situation being discussed.(5).The author mentions the time span of "approximately 20 minutes"(Line 4, Paragraph 6)in order to emphasize______.（分数：2.00）A.the doctor"s inability to appreciate relevant time spansB.the comparison with the elderly couple in the preceding jokeC.the frequency with which the doctor contradicted himselfD.the common need to approximate rather than use precise numbersThere is a canal two rods wide along the northerly and westerly sides of the pond, and wider still at the east end. A great field of ice has cracked off from the main body. I hear a song sparrow singing from the bushes on the shore. He too is helping to crack it. How handsome the great sweeping curves in the edge of the ice, answering somewhat to those of the shore, but more regular! It is unusually hard, owing to the recent severe but transient cold, and all watered or waved like a palace floor. But the wind slides eastward over its opaque surface in vain, till it reaches the living surface beyond. It is glorious to behold this ribbon of water sparkling in the sun, the bare face of the pond full of glee and youth, as if it spoke the joy of the fishes within it, and of the sands on its shore. The change from storm and winter to serene and mild weather, from dark and sluggish hours to bright and elastic ones, is a memorable crisis which all things proclaim. It is seemingly instantaneous at last. Suddenly an influx of light filled my house, though the evening was at hand, and the clouds of winter still overhung it, and the eaves were dripping with sleety rain. I looked out the window, and look! Where yesterday was cold gray ice there lay the transparent pond already calm and full of hope as in a summer evening reflecting a summer evening sky in its bosom, though none was visible overhead. The pitch pines and shrub oaks about my house, which had so long drooped suddenly resumed their several characters, looked brighter, greener, and more erect and alive, as if effectually cleansed and restored by the rain.I know that it would not rain any more. You may tell by looking at any twig of the forest, aye, at your very woodpile, whether its winter is past or not. As it grew darker, I was startled by the honking of geese flying low over the woods, like weary travelers getting in late from southern lakes, and indulging at last in unrestrained complaint and mutual consolation. Standing at my door, I could hear the rush of their wings; when, driving toward my house, they suddenly spied my light, and with hushed clamor wheeled and settled in the pond. In the morning I watched the geese from the door through the mist, sailing in the middle of the pond, fifty rods off, large and tumultuous. But when I stood on the shore they at once rose up with great flapping of wings at the signal of their commander, and when they had got into rank circled about over my head, twenty-nine of them, and then steered straight to Canada, with a regular honk from the leader at intervals. A plump of ducks rose at the same time and took the route to the north in the wake of their noisier cousins. For a week I heard the circling groping clangor of some solitary goose in the foggy mornings, seeking its companion, and still peopling the woods with the sound of a larger life than they could sustain. In April the pigeons were seen again flying express in smallflocks, and in due time I heard the martins twittering over my clearing, though it had not seemed that the township contained so many that it could afford me any, and I fancied that they were peculiarly of the ancient race that dwelt in hollow trees ere white men came. In almost all climes the tortoise and the frog are among the precursors and herald of this season, and birds fly with song and glancing plumage, and plants spring and bloom, and winds blow to correct this slight oscillation of the poles and preserve the equilibrium of Nature. As every season seems best to us in its turn, so the coming in of spring is like creation of Cosmos out of Chaos and the realization of the Golden Age.（分数：14.00）(1).From the passage, one can infer that the______.（分数：2.00）A.geese are backB.martins are singingC.woodpile is well stockedD.pond is melting(2).The overall purpose of this passage seems to be the narrator"s______.（分数：2.00）A.desire to sound poeticB.delight to see the pond waterC.description of the bird life around himD.celebration of the oncoming season(3).What is the predominant literary device used throughout this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Personification.B.Restrained description.C.Bombastic narration.D.Rhetorical question.(4).The tone of this passage can best be described as______.（分数：2.00）A.colloquialrmativeC.unrestrainedD.poetic(5).The narrator describes the water as all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.a canal two rods wideB.a reflection of the skyC.a mirror of his soulD.a transparent pond(6).The geese are best characterized through a series of______.（分数：2.00）A.similes and metaphorsB.aural and visual imagesC.emotional reflectionsD.unrelated impressions(7).Which is a subject not treated in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The connectedness of people to nature.B.The innocence of mankind.C.The cyclical certainty of nature.D.The glory of a long-awaited event.I received Everett"s Life of Washington which you sent me, and enjoyed its perusal. How his spirit would be grieved could he see the wreck of his mighty labors! I will not, however, permit myself to believe, until all ground of hope is gone, that the fruit of his noble deeds will be destroyed, and that his precious advice and virtuous example will so soon be forgotten by his countrymen. As far as I can judge by the papers, we are between a state of anarchy and civil war. May God avert both of these evils from us! I see that four states had declared themselves out of the Union;four more will apparently follow their example. Then, if the border states are brought into the gulf of revolution, one half of the country will be arrayed against the other. I must try and be patient and await the end, for I can do nothing to hasten or retard it. The South, in my opinion, has been aggrieved by the acts of the North, as you say. I feel the aggression and am willing to take every proper step for redress. It is the principle I contend for, not individual or private benefit. As an American citizen, I take great pride in my country, her prosperity and institutions, and would defend any state if her rights were invaded. But I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than a dissolution of the Union. It would be an accumulation of all the evils we complain of, and I am willing to sacrifice everything but honor for its preservation. I hope, therefore, that all constitutional means will be exhausted before there is a resort to force. Secession is nothing but revolution. The framers of our Constitution never exhausted so much labor, wisdom, and forbearance in its formation, and surrounded it with so many guards and securities, for it was intended to be broken by every member of the Confederacy at will. It was intended for " perpetual union, " so expressed in the preamble, and for the establishment of a government, not a compact, which can only be dissolved by revolution or the consent of all the people in convention assembled. It is idle to talk of secession. Anarchy would have been established, and not a government, by Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and the other patriots of the Revolution ... Still, a Union that can only be maintained by swords and bayonets, and in which strife and civil war are to take the place of brotherly love and kindness, has no charm for me.I shall mourn for my country and for the welfare and progress of mankind. If the Union is dissolved, I shall return to my native state and share the miseries of my people; and, save in defense, will draw my sword on none.（分数：16.00）(1).The " he" the speaker refers to in the opening paragraph is______.（分数：2.00）A.Everett, author of Life of WashingtonB.General Robert E.LeeC.George WashingtonD.the president in office when the selection was written, Abraham Lincoln(2).The narrator"s attitude toward George Washington is that he______.（分数：2.00）A.admires Washington for his personal traits but recognizes that his style of leadership is ill-suited to the present conflictB.understands that Washington is aggrieved by the acts of the NorthC.praises Washington as a man of great actions, fine advice, and unshakable ethicsD.believes that Washington has contributed to the present state of anarchy and civil war(3).Based on his description of George Washington, we can infer that the narrator/speaker______.（分数：2.00）A.admires people of noble character and sought such greatness of spirit himselfB.has great inner strength but shies away from physical confrontationC.is intolerant of anyone who does not meet his exacting standards of behaviorD.is humble in the face of adversity but fully believes that he will be as famous as Washington one day(4).From his remarks, we can infer that the speaker______.（分数：2.00）A.is a Northerner who strongly believes that the South has been wronged by the North in the present conflictB.loves his country but not its leadersC.is loyal but only to the point of actual war; then he will lay down his arms and be a martyrD.is highly patriotic(5).What conclusion can you draw about the speaker"s character from the conclusion?（分数：2.00）A.He is devoted to his state, but hates war.B.He is a natural leader who has much experience with public service.C.He is judgmental and rigid.D.He is cowardly and faint-of-heart.(6).The thesis or main idea of the passage is that______.（分数：2.00）A.people must take up arms in defense of their country; to do any less is cowardiceB.the Union is being tested by wrongs committed by both the North and the SouthC.the Union will always endure, no matter what happensD.anarchy is a healthy state because it leads to positive change(7).Based on its point of view, tone, form, and content, this passage is most likely an excerpt from a______.（分数：2.00）A.public speechB.journal or diary entryC.short storyD.letter(8).The author"s diction can best be characterized as______.（分数：2.00）A.formal and precisermal and relaxedC.mediocre but educatedD.colloquial and informal二、句子改错(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a √ or write "No error" on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The lack of progress in international relations reveals that governments must study the art of diplomacy much closer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Before the curtain rose, Anthony wished that he were back in bed, only dreaming about performing in front of hundreds of strangers rather than actually doing it.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Caravaggio demonstrated the great range of his artistic talent in such paintings as "Bacchus" and "Basket of Fruit, " painted in 1593 and 1596, respectfully.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.James, like many parents, believes that if a child can read at a very young age, he/she will grow to have exceptional literary talent.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Grizzly bears rarely show aggression toward humans, but they will protect their territory from anyone whom they would have considered to be a threat.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________6.Andre told the board that both the fund deficit and the disillusionment of the investors werea problem that had to be addressed immediately.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Just when those who were observing the heart transplant procedure assumed the worst, the surgeons themselves are most confident.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Since 2001, the company has spent more on employee training than it did in the previous 10 years combined.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Some doctors believe that taking vitamins on a daily basis help decrease a patient"s susceptibility to infection.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________10.When the window was opened, the affects of the cool spring breeze were felt immediately by the uncomfortable workers.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________写作11.Consider carefully the issue discussed below, and then write an essay that answers the question posed in the task. Oscar Wilde once said that the only thing worse than being talked about was not being talked about. Today it seems we have taken this witticism to its logical extreme. Some people make their lives as " personalities" whose only job is to get their names in the media. They lack any discernible talents except self-promotion. Assignment: You are required to write an essay of about at least 400 words in which you answer the question " Is fame a good thing or a bad thing? " and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation. You are required to support your arguments with relevant information and examples based on your own ideas, knowledge and experience. Marks will be awarded for Content, Organization, Grammar, and Appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)12.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) Montaigne fully accepted human weaknesses and understood that no philosophy could be effective unless it took into account our deeply ingrained imperfections, the limitations of our rationality, the flaws that make us human. It is not that he was ahead of his time; it would be better said that the later scholars(advocating rationality)were backward. He was a thinking fellow, and his ideas did not spring up in his tranquil study, but while on horseback. He went on long fides and came back with ideas. He was never a dogmatist: he was a skeptic with charm, a fallible * , personal, introspective writer, and, primarily, someone who, in the great classical tradition, wanted to be a man. fallible; able to make mistakes（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：2.00)13.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 剪纸是中国民间一门有着近千年历史的独特艺术。
2012年中山大学金融硕士(MF)金融学综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年中山大学金融硕士（MF）金融学综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 计算题 3. 论述题 4. 综合题单项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。
1．股票交易中，限价委托方式的优点是( )。
A．成交迅速B．没有价格上的限制，成交率高C．在委托执行后才知道实际的执行价格D．股票可以投资者预期的价格或更有利的价格成交正确答案：D解析：限价委托指投资者事前指定成交价格，因此股票如果成交将以投资者预期的价格优先股一般没有表决权。
2．优先股不具有的权利是( )。
A．股利分配权B．剩余资产分配权C．表决权D．优于普通股的分配权正确答案：C解析：优先股一般没有表决权。
3．下列债券中( )具有最长的久期。
A．5年期，零息票债券B．5年期，息票率为8％的债券C．10年期，零息票债券D．10年期，息票率为8％的债券正确答案：C解析：根据久期的定义，10年期零息票债券的久期是10年，其他几项的久期都小于10年。
4．某公司债务对股权的比例为1，债务成本是12％，平均资本成本是14％，在不考虑税收和其他因素的情况下，其股权资本成本是( )。
A．13％B．15％C．16％D．18％正确答案：C解析：根据MM定理2，rs＝r0＋(r0－rd)×＝0．165．假设无风险收益率为4％，若卢系数为1．5的风险组合的预期收益率为10％，则卢系数为0．5的风险组合的预期收益率为( )。
A．4％B．6％C．8％D．10％正确答案：C解析：根据CAPM计算市场风险溢价：RM＝＋4％＝8％则β为0．5的预期收益率：re＝rf＋β(rm－rf)＝4％＋0．5×8％＝8％6．盈利能力强的公司应具有更高的负债率，这一表述比较符合下述何种理论的预期( )。
A．优序融资理论B．权衡理论C．代理理论D．市场择时理论正确答案：B解析：权衡理论主要认为要在债务融资收益和财务困境成本两者中进行权衡取舍。
2012年中山大学英语专业语言学真题试卷_真题-无答案
2012年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分82,考试时间90分钟)1. 音标题1. Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find—/faind/ beneath—/bi"ni:θ/mink2. pyrrhic3. caique4. uvular5. sememe6. resolution7. ideational8. tautology9. pedagogical10. contour2. 填空题1. All languages have three **ponents; a sound system, a system of ______ and a system of semantics.2. We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME(or RIME)and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus, with the consonant(s)after it termed the ______.3. In 1963 , Katz and Fodor wrote the article The Structure of a Semantic Theory, arguing forcibly that semantics should be an integral part of______.4. Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. There are three main sub-types; gradable antonymy, complementary antonymy, and ______ antonymy.5. In the middle of the 1960s, William Labov, a famous sociolinguist, conducted a rather meticulous survey at several departments in the City of New York. The results of this investigation were reported in The______of English in New York City(1966), which has now become a classical work in sociolinguistics.6. From the early 1920s,______began to show an interest in language, anthropology, and archaeology. Later on, he attended some linguistic courses given by Sapir at Yale University and " found particular resonance between his own ideas and those of Sapir"(Sram 1994: 4983).7. Poetry can exploit the way we use stress when we speak to create rhythms. When stress is organized to form regular rhythms, the term used for it is ______.8. According to Mick Short(1996), we need at least three levels of______to account for the language of fictional prose(i. e. a novel or short story), because there is a narrator-narratee levelintervening between the character-character level and the author-reader level.9. The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between ______and phonology. The name of the most influential scholar in this connection is Trubetzkoy, whose **plete and authoritative statements of principle are formulated in his Principles of Phonology published in 1910. Malinowski believed that utterances and situation are bound up inextricably with each other and the ______ of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.11. Halliday"s Systemic-Functional(SF)Grammar is a sociologically oriented functional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century, having great effect on various disciplines related to language, such as language teaching, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, and ______ .12. By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its ______.13. According to McDonough(2000), a teacher who is able to explain some linguistic features would have a______position than one who handles the argument by using authority "it"s like that" , "it"s an exception" , or "it"s less formal".14. Language corpora make it possible for materials developers to select authentic, natural and typical language. The two most important factors in a corpus are the size and types of texts selected. Usually the ______that will be made of the corpus decide the number and type of texts ina corpus.15. ______ is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated with the Oxford philosopher John Lang Shaw Austin.3. 名词解释1. Received pronunciation and general American2. Conventionality3. Orthographic change4. Clause5. Grammatical construction6. Logical semantics7. Metonymy8. **petence9. Computational linguistics10. Verbal processes4. 举例说明题1. In Case Grammar, the verb is the key element of the clause.2. The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn.3. Orientational metaphors are based on human physical and cultural experience.5. 简答题1. What is componential analysis in language studies?2. What are the seven types of meaning identified by G. Leech(1974)? What are the differences between/among them?3. What does the concept of "distinctive features" mean?。
2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．The old couple moved to the countryside______their health for the doctor said fresh airwould do them good.A．for the sake ofB．because ofC．In case ofD．in spite of正确答案：A解析：句意：为了身体健康，这对老夫妇搬到了乡下，因为医生说新鲜的空气对他们有好处。
for the sake of为了；为了…的利益。
because of因为，由于。
in case of万一，如果。
in spite of尽管。
2．Lover of towns______I am. I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.A．becauseB．whereC．whoD．as正确答案：D解析：句意：尽管我是一个长期在城市生活的人，可我意识到我对早期乡村生活的亏欠。
考查的是让步状语从句倒装，主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等。
as在让步状语从句中作从属连词，表示虽然、尽管等，引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序。
模式为：adj．／adv．／n．+as+主语+谓语+主句。
3．She was trying______by the teacher in class.A．avoiding questioningB．avoiding to questionC．to avoid being questionedD．to avoid questioning正确答案：C解析：句意：她试图回避在课堂上被老师提问。
此题涉及三个考点。
第一个是固定搭配：tryto do sth．。
中山大学研究生英语期末考试题
Passage 1One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were available to all. Mr. Vi cary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say ‘buy me, buy me’.”1 Vicary’s curiosity was aroused by the fact that _________.A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in women’s buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of ________.A. the truth or falsity of a statementB. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state of a person3 Mr. Vicary’s test ________________.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering the store, decreasedrather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a woman’s reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible todetermine4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _____________.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD. women develop an inferiority complex when in supermarkets5 Implied but not stated: _______________.A. Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove their original premisesD. Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden movie cameras Passage 2In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.6 “Bricks” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how _________.A. mathematicians approach scienceB. building a house is like performing experimentsC. science is more than a collection of factsD. scientific experiments have led to improved technology7 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important toscientists when they ________.A. evaluate previous work on a problemB. formulate possible solutions to a problemC. gather known factsD. close an investigation8 In the last paragraph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown” inorder to show that hypotheses ________________.A. are sometimes ill-conceivedB. can lead to dangerous resultsC. go beyond available factsD. require effort to formulate9 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function ofhypotheses?A. Sifting through known facts.B. Communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others.C. Providing direction for scientific research.D. Linking together different theories.10 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B. It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C. A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D. A good scientist needs to be creative.Passage 3For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable --- for themselves --- by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11 In the writer’s opinion, people judge others by_________.A. the type of work they doB. the place where they workC. the time they spend at workD. the amount of money they earn12 According to the writer, in the future, work will ________.A. matter less than it does nowB. be as important as it is nowC. be better paid than it is nowD. offer more satisfaction13 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems?A. A reduction in the number of strikesB. Equality in salariesC. A more equal distribution of responsibilityD. An improvement in moral standards14 What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers?A. They cannot lose their jobs.B. They get time off to attend courses.C. They can work at whatever interests them.D. They can make their own decisions.15 Working conditions generally remain bad because _______________.A. the workers are quite satisfied with themB. no one can decide what to do about themC. managers see no need to change themD. office workers want to protect their positionsPassage 4Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests interms of richness of life.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, m ost distinctive feature – ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.16 What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.17 Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs (Paragraph 1)?A. They are approximately the same size.B. They share many similar species.C. Most of their inhabitants require water.D. Both have many different forms of life.18 The passage suggests that most rain forest species are ________________.A. insectsB. bacteriaC. mammalsD. birds19 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rainforests because ____________.A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaB. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate20 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.C. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.Passage 5Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common; they differ infinitely, but sill they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will to the death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of the creation of life – as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of new life, each risks it – and in the risk commits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is – again literally –to triumph over death. It is a surgeon’s triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.21 Although the author says that battles are horrible, he also says that_________.A. most people find fascination in themB. there is no battle aim worthy of the nameC. one should love life and not deathD. fighting to end battles is justifiable22 The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end other than peace is________.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction23 The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must_________.A. make a unionB. compromise his beliefsC. take the risks he has committed himself toD. recognize that death is the reverse of life24 The article says that a surgeon can triumph when he_____________.A. performs a successful operationB. triumphs over the bodyC. removes a cancerD. cuts out that which is life-destroying25 Implied by the author, but not stated: “I have found peace as I _________.”A. think about life and deathB. return to an army that fights death and cynicismC. consider becoming a surgeonD. recognize that life and hope can triumph if one fights for themPassage 6There is little question that substantial labor-market differences exist between men and women. Among the most researched difference is the male-female wage gap. Many different theories are used to explain why men earn more than women. One possible reason is based on the limited geographical mobility of married women(Robert Frank, 1978). Family mobility is a joint decision in which the needs of the husband and wife are balanced to maximize family welfare. Job-motivated relocations are generally made to benefit the primary earner in the family. This leads to a constrained job search for the secondary earner, as he or she must search for a job in a limited geographic area. Since the husband is still the primary wage earner in many families, the job search of the wife may suffer. Individuals who are tied to a certain area are labled ‘tied-stayers’, while secondary earners who move for the benefit of the family are labeled ‘tied-movers’(Jacob Mincer, 1978).The wages of a tied-stayer or tied-mover may not be substantially lower if the family lives in or moves to a large city. If a large labor market has more cacancies, the wife may locate a wage offer near the maximum she would find with a nation-wide search. However, being a tied-stayer or tied-mover can lower the wife’s wage if the family lives in or moves to a small community. A small labor market will reduce the likelihood of her finding a job that utilizes her skills. As a result she may accept a job for which she is overqualified and thus earn a lower wage. This hypothesized relationship between the likelihood of being overqualified and SMSA size is termed ‘differential overqualification.’ Frank (1978) and Haim Ofek and Yesook Merrill(1994) provide support for the theory of differential overqualification by finding that the male-female wage gap is greater in smaller SMSA’s.While the results are consistent with the existence of differential overqualification, they may also result from other situations as well. Firms in small labor market may use their monopsony power to keep wages down. Local demand shocks are found to be a major source of wage variation both across and within local labor market(Roberts Topel, 1986). Since large labor markets are generally more diversified, a demand shock can have a substantial impact on immobile workers in small labor markets. Another reason for examining differential overqualification involves the assumption that there are more vacancies in large labor markets. While there is little doubt that more vacancies exist in large labor markets, there are also likely to be more people searching for jobs in large labor markets. If the greater number of vacancies is offset by the larger number of searchers, it is unclear whether women will be more likely to be overqualified in small labor market. Instead of relying on wages to determine if differential overqualification exists, we consider an explicit form of overqualification based on education.26 According to the author, the male-female wage gap ________.A is justifiedB has important repercussions on family lifeC represents a sexist attitude toward womenD is simply one of a considerable number of labor-market differences27 “Geographical mobility( Para. 1)” as used in the passage, refers to ________.A the way in which Americans tend to move from job to jobB the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfareC the necessity to relocate in order to increase wagesD all of the above28 The difference between a ‘tied-stayer’ and a ‘tied-mover’ is that ________.A the primary earner is forced to search for work in a specific area while thesecondary earner is freer to roam aboutB the former is obliged to remain in an area while the latter is notC the former is the wife and the later is the husbandD the latter’s salary is of secondary importance to the former’s salary29 With which of the following statements would the author agree?A The size of the labor market determines recompense.B The size of the labor market determines acquired skills utilization.C The size of the labor market determines the probability of matching skills withappropriate wage level.D All of the above.30 The names and dates between parentheses ________.A refer to bibliographical entriesB explain who discussed what and when they discussed itC are references to what the author has readD may be described by all of the abovePart II. Vocabulary and Structure （40x0.5=20points）Section A: In this section, there are 20 incomplete sentences, each with four items marked A, B, C and D. Choose one item that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31.What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to ________without any career consequence?A. whoop it upB. unload opinionsC. hang aroundD. incur a debt32.The Single in the past, of the _______ego and much-watched answering machine, wastraditionally at the margin of society: a figure of fun, pity and awe.A. archlyB. gallantlyC. wobblyD. allegedly33. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might ________ on the rights of law-abidinggun owners, had already voted against the bill.A. infringeB. IntegrateC. InferiorD. incorporate34. This event is called a party --- a place where one _______ without worrying aboutbeing judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.A. rest upB. fork outC. pull backD. let loose35. A host of other singles services have sprung up, from dogwalkers to alarm systems toagencies that will water your plants or bring you aspirin and coffee when you’re _________.A. hung aroundB. hung overC. hung upD. hung on36. The layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme ofcentralization that ______ French culture.A. fantasizesB. internalizesC. socializesD. characterizes37. In the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, streets and buildings arenumbered __________.A. quintessentiallyB.archaeologicallyC. sequentiallyD. dysfunctionally38. In middle-class America, specific spaces are _________ for specific activities.A. populatedB. dominatedC. designatedD. validated39. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by thearchaeological evidence _______ in ancient Indian cities.A. undefinedB. uncoveredC. undoneD. untitled40. Today about a fifth of all married couples still ______ the old-style marriage in whichthe wife stays home to raise children and the husband works.A. opt withB. opt toC. opt forD. opt against41. He doesn't conform to the usual ________ of the city businessman with a dark suit androlled umbrella.A. stereotypeB. controversyC. geneticsD. custody42. They were told to take whatever action they ________ necessary.A. seemedB. inhibitedC. prohibitedD. deemed43. When the war broke out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking_______ in the neighboring country.A. caseworkB. smugnessC. sancturyD. riff44. We should strengthen regulation, prevent and ______ financial risks so as to providebetter banking services for economic and social development.A. plunkB. defuseC. violateD. strive45. Bothered by terrorism, world leaders are now united in their _____ for peace.A. questB. intimacyC. validationD. condo46. With his prison record and lack of experience, he’s already got two _____ against himwhen he applies for a job.A. advantagesB. aspirationsC. strikesD. knockers47. Robert has developed a ________ on his shoulder about not going to universitybecause of his poor family.A. chopB. carpC. chipD. chaw48. New computer systems have made old methods of data processing _______ .A. unfazedB. pretentiousC. substantiveD. obsolete49. Although they are always at the center of things, they tend to be loners and are ____ tostress when life becomes difficult.A. proneB. aboutC. motiveD. sturdy50. In recent years, young parents, female professionals, and well-educated parents aremore likely to ______ their children into more equal gender roles.A. perceiveB. dominateC. socializeD. prescribe Part BDirections: In this section, there are 20 complete sentences, each with an underlined part. Replace each underlined word/phrase with one of the four items marked A, B, C and D that best keeps its meaning and mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.51.In view of the insecurity of online shopping, doing a little bit of research beforepurchasing will protect you against a dodgy seller trying to pull a fast one.A.make profitB. deceiveC. get rich quickD. make a deal52. She hasn’t ruled out marriage, but wouldn’t give up her freedom for a man.A. clutchedB. intrudedC. excludedD. included53. The dilemma posed by modern medical technology has created the growing newdiscipline of bioethics.A.ProposedB. imposedC. presentedD. represented54. Global warming could wreak havoc in China. The rise in temperatures would worsenthe water shortage problem in North China, in the area of Three Gorges Dam it warned heavy rainfall and could trigger landslides or mudflows,A.vistaB. libidoC. damageD. fusion55. Married types who have bickered once too often about toothpaste caps or dust bunniesare opting to live apart in peace rather than together in stress.A. groanedB. trampedC. strainedD. quarrelled56. The point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, it is showingappreciation of the staff.A. reprimandingB. remindingC. commandingD. demanding57. In the wake of technology’s advances in medicine, a heated debate is taking place inhospitals and nursing homes across the country.A.WithB. WithoutC. ForD. Against58. The doctors threatened to take us to court if we didn’t go along with their procedures.A. coincide withB. agree withC. afflict withD. grapple with59. Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space-age techniques has outstripped thebody’s capacity to heal.A. excelledB. excludedC. exceededD. externalized60. Millions of singles yearning for escape zones or solitude are straining Europe’s cityhousing market.A. opting forB. fighting forC. searching forD. longing for61. The little girl regarded me with suspicion as I approached the door.A. condonedB. appalledC. frayedD. gazed at62. With the development of science and technology, some scientists believe that soon itwill be commonplace for people to travel to the moon.A. ordinaryB. unusualC. impulsiveD. devastating63. When the girl was not elected for the varsity team, her mother flew into a rage, cursingand calling the coach all sorts of names.。
2011年中山大学金融硕士(MF)金融学综合真题试卷.doc
2011年中山大学金融硕士（MF）金融学综合真题试卷(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、综合题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)1.已知法定存款准备金率为r＝15％，商业银行超额准备金率为e＝5％，流通中的现金为C＝$40 billion，活期或支票账户存款总量为D＝$160 billion． (1)请计算基础货币数量(MB)，货币乘数(m)； (2)如果保持基础货币数量(MB)，公众持有现金比率(C／D)和法定准备金率(r＝15％)不变，银行超额准备金率从5％降到3％，则M，将比原先增加多少? (3)活期或支票账户存款总量将增加多少?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.美国某跨国公司于某年12月1日向一家德国公司出口了一批货物，合同金额1 000万欧元，按照合同约定，货款将于6个月后的第二年6月1日以欧元支付。
外汇市场上，欧元的即期汇率为：买入价为1．220 5USD／EUR，卖出价为1．223 5USD／EUR。
为了规避欧元可能贬值的风险，该美国跨国公司试图利用货币市场进行套期保值。
已知在货币市场上，半年期美元贷款利率为5％／年(单利)，半年期美元投资利率(如购买半年期的债券)为3％／年(单利)；半年期欧元贷款利率为6％／年(单利)，半年期欧元的投资利率为470(单利)。
请问该跨国公司具体应如何利用货币市场来规避外汇风险?采用货币市场套期保值手段后，该跨国公司6个月后最终能得到多少美元?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.A公司拟购买某公司债券作为长期投资(打算持有至到期日)，要求的必要报酬率是6％。
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2012年中山大学金融研究生英语期末试题Part IIReading Comprehension (30 %)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.Passage OneScience is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After anexperiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite(流星)from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.21. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to statethat ____________.A) most scientific discoveries are not reliableB) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results onlyC) scientific research is a process filled with reverses and requires slow and patient workD) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients22. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrongB) the end of a processC) the beginning of a new scientific inquiryD) the soundness of the result23. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.A) experiments have proved him rightB) scientists do not need so many experimentsC) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge24. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancient life on Mars shows _________.A) the way human beings learn about natureB) the failure of the scientific methodC) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another worldD) the excitement brought by scientific findings25. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.A) the process of scientific researchB) the results of scientific researchC) the scientists who do the researchD) the effects of scientific research on human lifePassage TwoNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.。