非谓语动词之过去分词
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词.ppt.ppt
The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
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（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和 完成，只表完成。如：
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）
the fallen leaves •落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动)
2、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如： She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, the Factory looks beautiful.
After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.
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4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman .
Because he didn’t know where to go, he asked a policeman.
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3、作宾语补足语
非谓语动词讲解
I can‟t go out with these dishes to wash. She fell asleep with the light burning. He worked with the door closed. Don‟t stand with your hands in your pockets. She sleeps with the window open. With John away, we‟ve got more room. 不定式 分词（现在分词、过去分词）
3.当做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的 承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态， 但含义不同 Do you have anything to send? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
To study a foreign language, one needs practice.
独立主格结构 定义：非谓语结构带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作 状语。 特点：①…的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在 ②独立主格中的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、 副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系 ③独立主格结构后一般有逗号与句子分开。 构成：①名词（代词）+现分/过分 ②名词（代词）+形容词 ③名词（代词）+副词 ④名词（代词）+不定式⑤名词（代词）+介词短语 ⑥with/without+名词（代词）+宾补
非谓语动词分类
不定式 (to) do
非谓语动词
动名词 doing 分词 现在分词 doing
非谓语-过去分词
With的复合结构在分词中的用法 的复合结构在分词中的用法 1.with+名词 或代词)+ 名词( )+现在分词 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 分词的动作的发出者或某动作， （强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作，状态 分词的动作的发出者或某动作 正在进行） 正在进行） fast, 1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（ 。（原因状 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状 语） cheering, 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（ 。（伴随情 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情 况）
Given more time, he can do it better. 条件状语） （条件状语） If given another chance, I’ll do it better. Caught in the rain, I was wet all through. 原因状语） （原因状语） Although warned of danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 让步状语） （ 让步状语）
1.With my money _____(lose), I can’t buy it now. 2.With winter _______ (come), I feel happy 3._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C，did not include ， women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year. A. carry put B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
非谓语动词之过去分词
动词过去分词充当定语：3、可转换成定语从句
位前置定语：单个动词过去分词 过去置后置定语：过去分词短语 分词 作定意及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成 语 义不及物动词过去分词：表示完成
与定语从句转换
非谓语动词之过去分词
动词过去分词充当定语：1、位置
①单个过去分词，常放在被修饰词的前面,作前置 定语 The lost child was found at last. The excited people rushed into building. Lost time can never be found again.
Scientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous.
Scientific experiments __c_a_rr_ie_d__o_u_t__by students can be dangerous.
非谓语动词之过去分词
back. 8. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 9. Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 10. He stood there silently, moved to tears.
②过去分词短语，常放在被修饰词的后面，作后
非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)
非谓语动词（Non-finiteverbs）非谓语动词概述：不定式（todo）：目的、将来形式现在分词（doing）：主动、进行过去分词（done）：被动、完成todo：某一次具体的动作作主语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为todo：某一次具体的动作作表语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为done：todo作宾语doing句法功能todo：目的、将来作定语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作宾补doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作状语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成独立成分作状语n./pron.+todo/doing/done独立主格结构with的复合结构GrammarI：非谓语动词的形式（一）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式，就是一般式done。
①单独表示一个被动的动作；②也可以单独表示动作已经完成；③还可以同时表示被动和完成。
（二）现在分词的各种形式：（三）主动被动用法一般doing beingdone doing的动作与谓语动作几e.g.1._______________(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpla ughing.e.g.2.Not________________(finish)thetask,theyhavetostayt hereforanothertwoweeks.e.g.3.________________(turn)offtheTVset,hebegantogoover (复习)hislessons.e.g.4.______________(heat加热),thewatergetshot.e.g.5._______________(build)forhalfayear,thebuildingbeca meourlibrary.e.g.6._______________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeated(重复)thesamemistake.e.g.7.Isawtherewasaboy________________(blame)byhisfat her.（四）不定式的各种形式（五）e.g.1.Therearemanydishes_________________(wash)inthek itchen.SoIdon’thavetimetoseeafilmwithyoutonight.注意：非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加notGrammarII：todo、doing作主语或表语一、todo、doing作主语的一般用法：e.g.1.Toswimtodayisagoodideae.g.2.Eatingtoomuchisbad foryourhealth.思考：todo作主语，表__________________________________________________的动作；doing作主语，表_________________________________________________的动作。
非谓语动词--过去分词
(2014年广东高考--语法填空) 1. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there were told (tell) that had been a mistake. We ___________ our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. 2. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play sunburnt (sunburn), volleyball. We got a little __________ but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
(2013年深圳第一次调研) 5. I stood there _________ puzzled (puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow had cheated me. (2013汕头期末统考) designed 6. You can have program specially __________ (design) to suit you, or you can just ask staff to make a few suggestions about activities to do. (2012年广东两校联考) Hearing (hear) that, 7. “What can I do?” _________ the boatman replied calmly , “It doesn’t matter. I’m coming to dive for the man …
非谓语动词-过去分词
非谓语动词（三）——过去分词（三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。
被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。
注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。
作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
英语语法：非谓语动词 -过去分词
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。 I'm ashamed of myself for it. 为此我自感羞愧。
1）构成谓语
①“have+过去分词done”可以构成谓语动词完成时态或非谓语动词的完成 式。
I haven't been out much recently. （现在完成时） 我最近没太出门。 I knew you had been busy for a long time. （过去完成时） 我知道你一直很忙。 I'm sorry not to have given you enough care. （不定式完成式） 我很抱歉没有给你足够的关心。
Don’t say that! She was annoyed at your saying that. 不要说啦！你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. 我们厌烦得要命，禁不住打起了呵欠。
作表语
注意：这种结构和被动语态是有差别的：
作表语
注意：这种结构和被动语态是有差别的：
①“be+表语”结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。 试比较下面句子： The shop is closed now. 商店已关门。(be+表语，表状态) The shop is usually closed at 8 o’clock. 商店通常8 点关门。（被动语态，表动作） He was wounded in the arm. 他手臂受了伤的。(be+表语，表状态)
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Unit 1过去分词做定语和表语Part 1 过去分词作定语[例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The polluted water was to blame.2. We should also respect the retired workers.3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.4. He is a teacher loved by his students.5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.[归纳]1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。
作定语的过去分词由_____动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是________关系。
不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
如句2中的retired , 又如：_______________落叶；_________________升起的太阳。
2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。
_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。
[拓展]2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
如：There is nothing changed here since I left this town.3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。
如：Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.【练一练】一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.This is the severely ___________(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day.2.Huang Lin ______________(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with sucha situation well.3. Do you know the number of books___________(order) by the library?4. Most of the artists_____________________(invite）to the party were from South America.5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases only__________________(know) to people with special knowledge.二、完成句子(运用过去分词做定语）1. 在会议上提出的问题对我们来说很严重。
The problem ______________ at the meeting is serious to us.2. 不要担心。
在结冰的湖上滑冰是相当安全的。
Don’t worry. It’s quite safe skating on the _______________.3. 为了把英语学好，你应该提高你的口语和书面英语。
In order to learn English well, you should improve your _____________and __________________.4.他十分同情暴晒在太阳下的农民工。
_________________________________________________________5.靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。
__________________________________________________________注意：不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做定语的区别(1) 不定式作定语时，表示即将发生的动作；-ing分词作定语时，表示主动或正在发生的动作；动词的过去分词作定语时，表示已经完成的动作。
如：The text to be learnt tomorrow is said to be very difficult. 明天要学的那篇课文据说很难。
The song learnt last week is very interesting. 上周所学的那首歌很有趣。
The sleeping boy is Li Lei’s bother. 正在睡觉的男孩是李蕾的弟弟。
The boiled water can be drunk. 开过的水可以被饮用。
The question ________________________ this afternoon is of great importance.今天下午要讨论的问题很重要。
The question ___________ last night is of great importance. 昨晚所讨论的问题很重要。
The question _______________ now is of great importance. 现在所讨论的问题很重要。
(2) 使-ing分词作定语时，表示事物的性质或特征；使动词的过去分词作定语时，表示人的心理状态。
如：an interesting story 有趣的故事an interested boy 感兴趣的男孩a surprising gift 意想不到的礼物 a surprised cry 感到吃惊的叫声a moving deed 一件感人的事迹 a moved group很受感动的人群a frightening dog 令人害怕的狗 a frightened boy 感到害怕的男孩an exhausting job令人疲倦的工作 an exhausted expression 疲惫的表情Part 2 过去分词作表语[例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The street is lined with small shops.2. Tom was astonished to see his father.[归纳]过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成_____结构，表示主语的性质、特征和状态。
[辨析]1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。
如：The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.The library is now closed.2.有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。
如：The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.[强化训练] 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
1. The Empe ror’s New Clothes is an ______ text. All of us are ______ about it.A. exciting; excitingB. excited; excitedC. excited; excitingD. exciting; excited2. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buriedC. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried3. —I’m very ______ with the dish I cooked. It looks nice and smells delicious. —Mm. It does have a ______ smell.A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant4. I have read plenty of books ______ by Lu Xun.A. writtenB. wroteC. writesD. writing5. His nephew, ______ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.A. losingB. losesC. lostD. being lost6. They had beef and ______ for supper.A. smoking fishB. fish smokingC. fish to smokeD. smoked fish7. She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.A. to planB. plannedC. that plansD. Planning【巩固练习】一．使用—ing从句或-ed从句, 使两个句子合并为一句.1.I didn’t talk much to the man. The man was sitting next to me on the plane.2.The taxi broke down. The taxi was taking us to the airport.3.At the end of the street there is a path. The path leads to the river.4. A window was broken in the storm last night. It has now been repaired.5. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were notpractical（实际的）..6. A man was arrested(逮捕) by the police. What was his name?二，选择正确答案。