美国对外贸易定义修订本
贸易术语讲解

3、《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》 INCOTERMS2000
• 由国际商会在1936年制订,于1953、1967、 1976、1980、1989和1999年进行修改 • 适应日益广泛使用的EDI和运输技术的变化 • 通则只限于销售合同,且只规定与交货有关的 事项 • 货物只包括有形的货物,而不包括无形的货物
4、有关责任和费用的划分问题
如果买方委托卖方代办一些属于自己义务范围内的事项所产生 的费用,以及由于买方的过失所引起的额外费用,均应有买 方承担。
FAS术语
• 一、FAS术语的含义 • FAS的全文是Free Alongside Ship (…named port of ship-ment),即 船边交货(…指定装运港) • 它指卖方要在约定的时间内将合同规定 的货物交到指定的装运港买方所指派的 船只的船边,在船边完成交货义务。买卖 双方负担的风险和费用均以船边为界。
3、进出口手续、 卖方:出口 报关和费用 买方:进口
4、运输和保险 买方 的责任和费用 5、运输方式 所有方式
6 、其他特点
• 卖方应在合同规定的时间、地点将合同规 定的货物置于买方指定的承运人控制下, 并及时通知买方;同时提交商业发票或具 有同等作用的电子信息;自费提供通常的 交货凭证。 • 买方签订运输合同,支付相关的运费,并 将承运人的名称及有关情况及时通知卖方。
三、注意事项
• 1、交货的问题 • 1)按照《2000通则》的规定,交货地点 的选择对于在该地点装货和卸货的义务会 产生影响。 • 如果交货地点在卖方所在地,卖方应负责 装货;如果交货地点在其他地方,卖方就 要将货物交给承运人 • 2)如果合同中没有约定具体的交货地点, 或者有几个交货地点可以选择,卖方可以 选择为完成交货义务最适宜的交货点。
FOB

求助编辑百科名片
FOB是国际贸易中常用的贸易术语之一,FOB的全文是Free On Board,即船上交货(指定装运港),习惯称为装运港船上交货。另有FOB乐队,是全美地下Hardcore乐界的年轻部队。
目录
贸易术语简介
买卖双方基本义务的划分
《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》的解释
CFR的变形
对CIF术语的解释
相关术语的换算
FOB价格的计算
FOB中的国内费用
贸易术语比较
案例
风险控制
FOB下出口运输风险的建议
FOB与CIF在出口中的风险比较与规避方法
在选择贸易术语时应注意的几个问题
乐队名称 简介
特点
成绩
FOB报价应注意的细节
FOB的变形
对CFR术语的解释
CFR买卖双方基本义务的划分
使用CFR的注意事项
CFR的变形
对CIF术语的解释
相关术语的换算
FOB价格的计算
FOB中的国内费用
贸易术语比较
案例
风险控制
FOB下出口运输风险的建议
FOB与CIF在出口中风险比较与规避方法
在选择贸易术语时应注意的几个问题
买卖双方基本义务的划分
按国际商会对FOB的解释,买卖双方各自承担的基本义务。概括起来,可作如下划分: 1.卖方义务 (1)在合同规定的时间或期限内,在装运港,按照习惯方式将货物交到买方指派的船上,并及时通知买方。 (2)自负风险和费用,取得出口许可证或其他官方批准证件。在需要办理海关手续时,办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。 (3)负担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切费用和风险; (4)自付费用提供证明货物已交至船上的通常单据。如果买卖双方约定采用电子通讯,则所有单据均可被具有同等效力的电子数据交换(EDI)信息所代替。 2.买方义务 (1)自负风险和费用取得进口许可证或其他官方批准的证件。在需要办理海关手续时,办理货物进口以及经由他国过境的一切海关手续,并支付有关费用及过境费; (2)负责租船或订舱,支付运费,并给予卖方关于船名、装船地点和要求交货时间的充分的通知; (3)负担货物在装运港越过船舷后的一切费用和风险; (4)接受卖方提供的有关单据,受领货物,并按合同规定支付货款。 3.注意事项: (1)买方必须自该交货点起负担一切费用和货物灭失或者损坏的风险,这也就是说如果货物在海上遇险或者遭遇海盗,将与卖方无关,买方不应此理由拒绝支付货款,所以卖方可以建议买方为货物投保。 (2)FOB价格包含了国内的所有费用。如果是货物比较多或者利润比较高的话,国内的费用是可以不用考虑的。而如果货物比较少,就需要相应提高价格,因为单位成本增加了很多,单位成本主要包括:内陆运费(工厂到港口或者集装箱仓库)、装卸费(特别是一些不能机械装卸的货物)、拼箱杂费、码头费、报送费、报检费等。
美国对外贸易定义(中英文)

FOREIGN TRADE DEFINITIONS美国对外贸易定义(1941年修订本)《美国对外贸易定义》是由美国几个商业团体制定的。
它最早于1919年在纽约制定,原称为《美国出口报价及其缩写条例》,后来于1941年在美国第27届全国对外贸易会议上对该条例作了修订,命名为《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》。
《美国对外贸易定义》中所解释的贸易术语共有六种,分别为:1.Ex(Point of Origin,产地交货);2.FOB(Free on Board,在运输工具上交货);3.FAS(Free Along Side,在运输工具旁边交货);4.C&F(Cost and Freight,成本加运费);5. CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight,成本加保险费、运费);6.Ex Dock(Named Port of Importation,目的港码头交货)。
然而,由于国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则》在国际上的影响越来越大,绝大多数国际贸易从业人员都接受了《通则》的解释,美国制定《定义》的团体已同意不再继续使用该项定义。
The following definitions of the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., are reproduced for information purposes only. They are NOT to be construed as part of the National Oilseed Processors Association trading rules. They are reprinted through the courtesy of National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, and the National Council of American Importers, Inc.Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941, Adopted July 30, 1941, by a Joint Committee representing the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, the National Council of American Importers, Inc., and the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc.(颁布日期:1941年7月30日实施日期:1941年7月30日时效性:有效)FOREWORD序言Since the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919. many changes in practice have occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and received wide recognition and use by buyers and sellers throughout the world. At the Twenty-Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of these Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his transactions.一九一九年《美国对外贸易定义》的出版曾在澄清与简化对外贸易实务方面起过不少作用,并得到世界各国买卖双方的广泛承认和使用。
2000年国际贸易术语解释通则与1990年美国对外贸易定义修订本关于FOB贸易术语的主要差异

2000年国际贸易术语解释通则与1990年美国对外贸易定义修订本关于FOB贸易
术语的主要差异
1.运输方式不同,《2000》FOB只能是船运,《美国修订本》将FOB 概括为六种, 其中前三种是在出口国内陆指定地点的内陆运输工具上交货, 第四种是在出口地点的内陆运输工具上交货, 第五种是在装运港船上交货, 第六种是在进口国指定内陆地点交货。
上述第四种和第五种在使用时应加以注意。
因为这两种术语在交货地点上有可能相同, 如都是在旧金山交货, 如果买方要求在装运港口的船上交货,则应在FOB 和港名之间加上“Vessel”字样, 变成“ FOB Vessel SanFrancisco”, 否则, 卖方有可能按第四种情况在旧金山市的内陆运输工具上交货。
2、同是在船运的条件下,关于风险划分界限的规定也不完全一样。
《2000》FOB,买卖双方划分风险的界限是船舷。
按照《美国对外贸易定义修订本》的解释, 买卖双方划分风险的界限不是在船舷, 而是在船上。
卖方责任之三规定“: 承担货物一切灭失及/ 或损坏责任,直至在规定日期或期限内, 已将货物装载于轮船上为止。
”
3、另外, 关于办理出口手续问题上也存在分歧。
按照《2000 通则》的解释, FOB 条件下, 卖方义务之( 3 ) 是“ 自负风险及费用, 取得出口许可证或其他官方批
准证件, 并办理货物出口所必需的一切海关手续”。
但是, 按照《美国对外贸易定义修订本》的解释, 卖方只是“在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下, 协助买方取得由原产地及/ 或装运地国家签发的, 为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件”。
FOB术语在《2000通则》与《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中》有何区别

FOB术语在《2000通则》与《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中》有何区别?<2000年通则的FOB与1941年美国定义修正本>)的FOB术语比较第一,《2000年通则》与《定义修正本》关于FOB术语的范围不同。
《2000年通则》中的FOB,只有一种形式,是一个完整并有确切内涵的贸易术语,即船上交货,买卖双方之间的责任、费用和风险划分界限是装运港的船舷,我国实业界通常称为“离岸价格”。
《定义修正本》中的FOB有六种形式,仅有FOB则不完整,没有确切的内容,必须在FOB后附加说明。
因而两个惯例中的FOB囊括的范围不同,也就决定了两者性质的不同。
第二,《2000年通则》中的FOB与《定义修正本》中FOB的第五种形式FOB VESSEL的异同。
《2000年通则》中的FOB,卖方需负责出口清关,而FOB VESSEL中,卖方却没有办理出口清关手续及缴纳关税的义务。
《2000年通则》中的FOB卖方必须“给予买方关于货物已交至船上的充分的通知”,以便于买方办理投保并做好接货的准备工作,《定义修订本》中的FOB则没有作出这样具体的规定。
二、C.I.F.Cost,Insurance and Freight(…Named Port Of Destination),称“成本加运保费”或“保险费、运费在内价”,使用此条件要注明目的港。
使用这一术语,卖方负责租船或订舱,在合同规定的装运日期或期间内将货物装上运往指定目的港的船舶,负担货物装上船前的一切费用和风险,支付运费,办理保险,支付保险费。
这一术语也只适用于海洋和内河运输。
根据《INCOTERMS 2000》规定,C.I。
F.合同买卖双方的主要责任如下:1.卖方必须(1)负责租船或订舱,在合同规定的装运日期或期间内在装运港将货物装上船,支付至目的港的运费,并给予买方充分的通知。
(2)负担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切风险。
(3)负责办理货物运输保险,支付保险费。
1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本

美国对外贸易定义1941年修正本(颁布日期:1941年7月30日实施日期:1941年7月30日时效性:有效)一九四一年七月三十日美国商会、美国进口商协会及全国对外贸易协会所组成的联合委员会通过。
序言一九一九年《美国对外贸易定义》的出版曾在澄清与简化对外贸易实务方面起过不少作用,并得到世界各国买卖双方的广泛承认和使用。
但自该定义出版以后,贸易习惯已有很多变化,因而在一九四○年举行的第二十七届全国对外贸易会议上强烈要求对它作进一步的修订与澄清,认为这对帮助对外贸易商处理业务是必要的。
兹推荐《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》供进口和出口商人共同使用。
此项修正本并无法律效力,除非有专门的立法规定或为法院判决所认可。
因此,为使其对各有关当事人产生法律上的约束力,建议买方与卖方接受此定义作为买卖合同的一个组成部分。
鉴于一九一九年以来贸易习惯和手续的演变,这次修正的定义中包括了卖方和买方的一些新的责任,并且在许多方面,对原有责任的解释也比一九一九年定义的解释清楚一些,这些修改对卖方和买方都是有益的。
广泛接受这次修订的定义,将导致对外贸易手续的标准化,并避免许多误解。
卖方和买方采用此修正的定义,将使各有关当事人对其责任和权利更加明确。
注意要点1.由于世界各地有很多机构都分别提出了对外贸易定义,而很多国家的法院对这些定义各有不同的解释,所以由卖方和买方一致同意他们所订的合同以《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》为准,并接受《定义》所列各点,这是很有必要的。
2.除下列对外贸易的术语外,还有一些有时使用的术语,如港口交货(FreeHarbor),成本加保险费、运费、佣金(C.I.F.&C),成本加保险费、运费、利息(C.I.F.&I.),成本加保险费、运费、佣金、利息((C.I.F.C.&I.),成本加保险费、运费并卸到岸上(C.I.F.Landed),以及其他。
除非事先已经准确地理解它们的确切含义,这些术语都不宜使用。
《国际贸易实务》练习题(附参考答案)

《国际贸易实务》练习题(附参考答案)第一篇国际贸易术语第一章贸易术语与国际贸易惯例一、单项选择题1、《美国对外贸易定义》中FAS术语的解释为()A.在运输工具旁边交货B.在装运港船边交货C.在运输工具上交货D.在装运港船上交货2、《1990年通则》中,与“核查、包装及标记”的卖方义务相对应的买方义务为()A.支付货款B.受领货物C.货物检验D.货物包装3、国际贸易中用以划分交易双方风险、责任和费用的专门用语称()A.贸易惯例B.贸易术语C.文字概念D.外文缩写4、《华沙-牛津规则》最终修订时间是()A.1928年B.1930年C.1931年D.1932年5、与《1980年通则》相比,《1990年通则》新增的贸易术语是()A.CFRB.DESC.DEQD.DDU6、最早出现的贸易术语是()A.E某WB.FASC.FOBD.CIF7、新的《2000年通则》已于()起正式生效。
A.2001年1月1日B.2001年7月1日C.2000年1月1日D.2000年7月1日8、《1990年通则》解释的贸易术语有()A.6种B.9种C.13种D.14种9、《国际贸易术语解释通则》的最早版本年限是()A.1936年B.1953年C.1967年D.1973年10、《华沙-牛津规则》是由()A.国际法协会制定的B.国际商会制定的C.几个商业团体制定的D.国际商会、国际法协会联合制定11、中世纪海外贸易中承担货物长途运输全部风险、责任、费用的是()A.承运人B.买方C.货主D.卖方12、在《1990通则》中,买方承担责任重大,负担费用最多的贸易术语是()A.E某WB.FCAC.DAFD.FAS13、按照C组术语成交,货物启运后的风险由()A.卖方负担B.买方负担C.承运人负担D.保险公司负担14、《美国对外贸易定义》原称为()A.《美国进口报价及其缩写条例》B.《美国出口报价及其缩写条例》C.《美国进出口报价及其缩写条例》D.《美国对外贸易报价及其缩写条例》15、在有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例中,包括内容最多的一种是()A.《华沙-牛津规则》B.《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》C.《美国对外贸易定义》D.《1990年通则》16、19世纪中叶,国际贸易中最常用的贸易方式是()A.承兑买卖方式B.单据买卖方式C.货款抵押方式D.易货互购方式17、按照D组术语成交,货物运抵指定进口国交货地的一切责任由()A.卖方负担B.买方负担C.承运人负担D.保险公司负担18、《1990年通则》将所解释的贸易术语分成()A.二组B.三组C.四组D.六组19、国际货物买卖合同规定的卖方的基本义务是()A.向买方提供运输B.向银行提交价格的单据C.向买方提交合格的货物和单据D.向买方提交官方批准文件20、制定《国际贸易术语解释通则》的国际组织是()A.国际法协会B.国际商会C.联合国贸易署D.商业协会21、现行《通则》生效日期为()A.1990年1月1日B.1990年5月1日C.1990年7月1日D.1990年12月1日22、《国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订过程中,FOA术语的增加是为了适应()A.航空货运业务的发展B.铁路货运业务的发展C.海洋货运业务的发展D.管道货运业务的发展23、《华沙-牛津规则》与当事双方所签订合同发生矛盾,应()A.以《华沙-牛津规则》为准B.以合同为准C.以第三者裁断为准D.重新制订24、《美国对外贸易定义》是由()A.美国几个商业团体制定B.美国几个垄断组织制定C.美国几个国际贸易协会D.美国几个行业工会制定25、19世纪中叶使用最普遍的贸易术语是()A.FOBB.CFRC.CIFD.CIP26、按三种国际贸易惯例产生的时间先后为序,应列为()A.《通则》、《华沙-牛津规则》、《美国对外贸易定义》B.《美国对外贸易定义》、《华沙-牛津规则》、《通则》C.《华沙-牛津规则》、《通则》、《美国对外贸易定义》D.《华沙-牛津规则》、《美国对外贸易定义》、《通则》27、《1990年通则》中卖方责任最大的贸易术语是()A.E某WB.CIFC.DEQD.DDP28、制定关于贸易术语的国际贸易惯例的目的是()A.提供可使用的贸易术语B.规范交易双方的行为C.统一对贸易术语的解释D.形成国际贸易法29、《1941年美国对外贸易修订本》解释的贸易术语有()A.1种B.4种C.6种D.12种30、最早《通则》的制定年限为()A.1935年B.1936年C.1953年D.1967年31、国际贸易起源于()A.奴隶制社会B.封建社会初期C.资本原始积累阶段D.资本主义社会32、铁路交货和启还地机场交货贸易术语适用于()A.多式联运方式B.双边运输方式C.单一运输方式D.其他运输方式33、国际贸易惯例适用的基础是()A.惯例条文的制定B.有关法律的约束C.当事人的意思自治D.贸易行为的平等互利34、国际商会制定《通则》的目的是()A.解释CIF贸易术语B.提供仲裁依据C.统一运输方式D.统一对贸易术语的解释35、下列贸易术语中属主要运费未付的是()A.E某WB.FASC.CPTD.DEQ二、多项选择题1、国际货物买卖合同规定买方应承担的基本义务是()A.订立运输契约B.接受货物C.检验货物D.支付货款E.办理通关手续2、“运费付至”是()A.CPTB.C组术语C.主要运费未付类术语D.主要运费已付类术语E.卖方负责订立运输契约3、《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》中所解释贸易术语包括()A.FASB.E某WC.FOBD.CFRE.CIF4、《1932年华沙-牛津规则》对CIF贸易术语做了详细解释,其内容包括()A.CIF合同的性质、特点B.买卖双方所承担风险划分C.责任划分D.费用划分E.所有权转移方式5、1941年美国联合委员会通过了《美国对外贸易定义》修订本,这一联合委员会包括()A.美国商会B.美国进口商协会C.美国进出口商协会D.全国对外贸易协会E.美国金融协会6、《美国对外贸易定义修订本》中与《1990年通则》的解释明显不同的贸易术语是()A.E某B.FOBC.FASD.C&FE.CIF7、国际贸易惯例对我国国际贸易实践的意义有()A.有利于开展外贸业务B.强制合同履行C.避免或减少贸易争端D.合同与惯例不符时,为司法仲裁机构提供裁决依据E.发生争议时,引用某项惯例,减少不必要损失8、下列贸易术语属于主要运费未付的是()A.FASB.FCAC.DAFD.CPTE.DDP9、一般情况下,货物装运后风险由买方承担的贸易术语有()A.E某WB.FCAC.FOBD.CIPE.DDU10、贸易术语的两重性表现为()A.反映商品的生产成本B.反映商品的价格构成C.说明商品的成交条件D.说明商品的交货条件E.说明商品的交易条件11、F组术语包括()A.货交承运人B.装运港船边交货C.装运港船上交货D.目的港码头交货E.目的港船上交货12、《国际贸易术语解释通则》的特点是()A.内容最多B.影响最大C.使用范围最广D.对买卖双方的约束力最强E.对国际贸易的指导作用最大13、《1990年通则》中国际代码发生调整的贸易术语是()A.FCAB.CFRC.CPTD.DESE.DEQ14、《1990年通则》中到达类术语包括()A.DAFB.DESC.DEQD.DDPE.DDU15、有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例有()A.《1990年国际贸易术语解释通则》B.《1932年华沙-牛津规则》C.《1941年美国对外贸易修订本》D.《INCOTERMS1990》E.《跟单信用证统一惯例》16、DEQ属于()A.E组术语B.D组术语C.主要运费已付类术语D.主要运费未付类术语E.到达类术语17、国际货物买卖中,卖方的基本义务有()A.提交合格货物和单据B.确定商品成交价C.通过一定方式转移货物所有权D.订立运输契约E.办理货物运输、保险及通关过境手续18、随着国际贸易业务的发展,国际商会对《通则》进行了一系列修改,修改年份有()A.1936年B.1953年C.1967年D.1976年E.1980年19、国际货物买卖中涉及到的货物交付问题主要是()A.何时,何地交货B.何时转移货物风险C.由谁负责办理货物运输、保险及通关手续D.有关费用由谁负担E.交易双方交接哪些单据20、有关“目的港船上交货”解释正确的是()A.属于到达术语B.国际代码为DEQC.在此条件下,买方所负风险费用最大D.在此条件下,卖方所负风险费用最大E.买方负责订立运输契约21、与《1980年通则》相比,《1990年通则》删除的贸易术语是()A.C&FB.FOR/FOTC.E某SD.E某QE.FOA22、贸易术语在国际贸易中的主要作用是()A.简化交易手续B.明确交易双方责任C.缩短磋商时间D.节省费用开支E.减少交易双方争议23、对《1928年华沙规则》进行过修改的会议有()A.华沙会议B.纽约会议C.费城会议D.巴黎会议E.牛津会议24、《通则》最新修订本产生的主要背景有()A.科技的飞速发展B.航空货运业务的发展C.通过电脑进行的电子数据交换得到日益广泛的应用D.集装箱多式联运业务的进一步普及E.八十年代跨国公司贸易额的迅猛增长25、中世纪时海外贸易的形式有()A.商人亲自到国外采购货物B.商人托承运人到国外采购货物C.商人亲自备船将货物运往国外销售D.商人托承运人将货物运往国外销售E.商人到国外售货同时,购进所需货物26、,贸易术语的出现促进了国际贸易的发展,它表现在()A.便于买卖双方交流B.简化交易手续C.缩短洽商时间D.节约费用开支E.规范交易双方行为27、国际贸易的特点有()A.线长B.面广C.效益高D.环节多E.风险大28、《美国对外贸易定义》与《通则》对贸易术语的解释存在明显差异的有()A.E某B.FOBC.FASD.C&FE.CIF三、名词解释1、国际贸易惯例2、贸易术语国际贸易惯例是由国际组织加以编纂与解释的国际贸易中的习惯做法,它是在国际交往中逐渐形成的有较为明确的固定内容的习惯做法,和一般做法包括成文和不成文的原则,准则和规则。
美国对外贸易定义1990年修正版

International Trade Rules Home > HelperRevised American Foreign Trade Definitions, 1990FOREWORDSince the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919 many changes in practice have occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and received wide recognition and use by buyers and sellers throughout the world. At the Twenty Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of these Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his transactions. The following Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions - 1990 are recommended for general use by both exporters and importers. These revised definitions have no status at law unless there is specific legislation providing for them, or unless they are confirmed by court decisions. Hence, it is suggested that seller and buyers agree to their acceptance as part of the contract of sale. These revised definitions will then become legally binding upon all parties.In view of changes in practice and procedure since 1941, certain new responsibilities for sellers and buyers are included in these revised definitions. Also, in many instances, the old responsibilities are more clearly defined than in the 1941 Definitions, and the changes should be beneficial both to sellers and buyers. Widespread acceptance will lead to a greater standardization of foreign trade procedure, and to the avoidance of much misunderstanding.Adoption by exporters and importers of these revised terms will impress on all parties concerned their respective responsibilities and rights.General Notes of Caution1. As foreign trade definitions have been issued by organizations in various parts of the world, and as the courts of countries have interpreted these definitions in different ways, it is important that sellers and buyers agree that their contracts are subject to the Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions- 1990 and that the various points listed are accepted by both parties.2. In addition to the foreign trade terms listed herein, there are terms that are at times used, such as Free Harbor, C.I.F.&C. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission), C.I.F.C.&I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission, and Interest), C.I.F. Landed (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Landed), and others. None of these should be used unless there has first been a definite understanding as to the exact meaning thereof, It is unwise to attempt to interpret other terms in the light of the terms given herein. Hence, whenever possible, one of the terms defined herein should be used.3. It is unwise to use abbreviations in quotations or in contracts which might be subject to misunderstanding.4. When making quotations, the familiar terms "hundredweight" or "ton" should be avoided. A hundredweight can be 100 pounds of the short ton, or 112 pounds of the long ton. A ton can be a short ton of 2,000 pounds, or a metric ton of 2,204.6 pounds, or a long ton of 2,240 pounds. Hence, the type of hundredweight or ton should be clearly stated in quotations and in sales confirmations. Also, all terms referring to quantity, weight, volume, length, or surface should be clearly definedand agreed upon.5. If inspection, or certificate of inspection, is required, it should be agreed, in advance, whether the cost thereof is for account of seller or buyer.6. Unless otherwise agreed upon, all expenses are for the account of seller up to the point at which the Buyer must handle the subsequent movement of goods.7. There are a number of elements in a contract that do not fall within the scope of these foreign trade definitions. Hence, no mention of these is made herein. Seller and buyer should agree to these separately when negotiating contracts. This particularly applies to so-called "customary" practices.DEFINITIONS OF QUOTA TIONS(I) EXW (Ex Works - named place)"Ex Factory", "Ex Mill", "Ex Mine", "Ex Plantation", "Ex Warehouse",etc. (named point of origin)Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the point of origin, and the seller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed. Under this quotation :Seller must (1) bear all costs and risks of the goods until such time as the buyer is obliged to take delivery therof ;(2) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) take delivery of the goods as soon as they have been placed at his disposal at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or changes, if any, levied because of exportation ;(3) bear all costs and risks of the goods from the time when he is obligated to take delivery whereof ;(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation or of importation at destination.(II) F.O.B.(Free on Board)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments on all F.O.B. Terms" given at the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under the several classes of "F.O.B." terms.(II-A) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland pointof departure)"Under this terms, the price quoted applies only at inland applies only at inland shipping point, andthe seller arranges for loading of the goods on, or in, railway cars, trucks, lighters, barges, aircraft, or other conveyance furnished for transportation.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading ;(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight collect ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed in, or on, conveyance at loading point, and clean bill of lading other transportation receipt has been furnished by the carrier ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipments, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland point of loading and pay all transportation costs ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after loading at named inland point of departure ;(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.(II-B) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point ofdeparture) Freight Prepaid To (named point of exportation)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including transportation charges to the named point of exportation and prepays freight to named point of exportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) assume the seller's obligations as under II-A. except that under (2) he must provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight prepaid to named point of exportation. Buyer must (1) assume the same buyer's obligation as under II-A, except that he does not pay freight from loading point to named point of exportation.(II-C) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point ofdeparture) Freight Allowed To (named point)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the transportation charges to the named point, shipping freight collect and deducting the cost of transportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) assume the same seller's obligations as under II-A, but deducts from his invoice the transportation cost to named point.Buyer must (1) assume the same buyer's obligations as under II-A, including payment of freightfrom inland loading point to named point, for which seller has made deduction.(II-D) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at namedpoint of exportation)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the costs of transportation of the goods to named point of exportation, bearing any loss or damage, or both, incurred up to that point.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading ;(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, paying all transportation costs from loading point to named point of exportation ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland conveyance at named point of exportation ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation ;(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.(II-E) "F.O.B. Vessel (named port of shipment)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price covering all expenses up to, and including, delivery of the goods upon the overseas vessel provided by, or for, the buyer at the named port of shipment. Under this quotation :Seller must (1) pay all charges incurred in placing goods actually on board the vessel designated and provided by, or for, the buyer on the date or within the period fixed ;(2) provide clean ship's receipt or on-board bill of lading ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed on board the vessel on the date or within the period fixed ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vessel ;(2) bear the additional costs incurred and all risks of the good from the time when the seller has placed them at his disposal if the vessel named by him fails to arrive or to load within the designated time ;(3) handle all subsequent movement of the goods to destination ;(a) provide and pay for insurance ;(b) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation ;(4) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, after goods have been loaded on board the vessel ;(6) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than ocean ship's receipt or bill of lading, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.(II-F) "F.O.B.(named inland point in countryof importation)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of the merchandise and all costs of transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) provide and pay for all transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) provide and pay for marine insurance ;(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwise agreed upon between the seller and buyer ;(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until arrival of goods on conveyance at the named inland point in the country of importation ;(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country ;(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes, if any ;(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation ;(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation. Note : The seller under this quotation must realize that he is accepting important responsibilities, costs, and risks, and should therefore be certain to obtain adequate insurance. On the other hand, the importer or buyer may desire such quotations to relieve him of the risks of the voyage and to assure him of his landed costs at inland point in country of importation. When competition is keen, or the buyer is accustomed to such quotations from other sellers, seller may quote such terms, being careful to protect himself in an appropriate manner.Buyer must (1) take prompt delivery of goods from conveyance upon arrival at destination.(2) bear any costs and be responsible for all loss or damage, or both, after arrival at destination.Comments on All F.O.B. TermsIn connection with. F.O.B. terms, the following points of caution are recommended :1. The method of inland transportation, such as trucks, railroad cars, lighters, barges, or aircraft should be specified.2. If any switching charges are involved during the inland transportation, it should be agreed, in advance, whether these charges are for account of the seller or the buyer.3. The term "F.O.B. (named port)", without designating the exact point at which the liability of the seller terminates and the liability of the buyer begins, should be avoided. The use of this term gives rise to disputes as to the liability of the seller or the buyer in the event of loss or damage arising while the goods are in port, and before delivery to or on board the ocean carrier. Misunderstandings may be avoided by naming the specific point of delivery.4. If lighterage or trucking is required in the transfer of goods from the inland conveyance to ship's side, and there is a cost therefor, it should be understood, in advance, whether this cost is for account of the seller or the buyer.5. The seller should be certain to notify the buyer of the minimum quantity required to obtain a carload, a truck-load, or a barge-load freight rate.6. Under F.O.B. terms, excepting "F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation)", the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the buyer. Hence, seller and Buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain the ocean freight space, marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.7. For the seller's protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.(III) F.A.S. (Free Along Side)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments" given of the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under "F.A.S." terms."F.A.S. Vessel (named port of shipment)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including delivery of the goods along side overseas vessel and within reach of its loading tackle.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) place goods along side vessel or on dock designated and provided by, or for, buyer on the date or within the period fixed ; pay any heavy lift charges, where necessary, up to this point ;(2) provide clean dock or ship's receipt ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been delivered along side the vessel or on the dock ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vessel ;(2) handle all subsequent movement of the goods from along side the vessel :(a) arrange and pay for demurrage or storage charges, or both, in warehouse or on wharf, where necessary ;(b) provide and pay for insurance ;(c) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation ;(3) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(4) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, while the goods are on a lighter or other conveyance along side vessel within reach of its loading tackle, or on the dock awaiting loading, or until actually loaded on board the vessel, and subsequent thereto ;(5) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than clean dock or ship's receipt, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.F.A.S. Comments1. Under F.A.S. terms, the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the buyer, In others, the buyer notifies the seller to make delivery along side a vessel designated by the buyer and the buyer provided his own marine and war risk insurance. Hence, seller and Buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.2. For the seller's protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.(IV) CFR (Cost and Freight)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "CFR Comments" and the "CFR and C.I.F. Comments", in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under CFR terms."CFR(named point of destination)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of transportation to the named point of destination.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or agent, clean bill of lading to named point of destination ;(4) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier ; (5) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both,until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel ;(6) provide, at the buyer's request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoice, or any other documents issued in the country of origin or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.Buyer must (1) accept the documents when presented ;(2) receive goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movement of the goods, including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms ; pay all costs of landing, including and duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination ;(3) provide and pay for insurance ;(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller's obligations under (4) or (5) above have ceased ;(5) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.CFR Comments1. For the seller's protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.2. The comments listed under the following C.I.F. terms in many cases apply to CFR terms as well, and should be read and understood by the CFR seller and buyer.(V) C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance, Freight)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments", at the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under "C.I.F." terms."C.I.F. (named point of destination)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of the goods, the marine insurance, and all transportation charges to the named point of destination.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) provide and pay for marine insurance ;(4) provide war risk insurance as obtainable in seller's market at time of shipment at buyer's expense, unless seller has agreed that buyer provide for war risk coverage (See Comment 10 (c)) ;(5) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or his agent, clean bill of lading to named point of destination, and also insurance policy or negotiable insurance certificate ;(6) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier ;(7) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel ;(8) provide, at the buyer's request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.Buyer must (1) accept the documents when presented ;(2) receive the goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movements of the goods, including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms ; pay all costs of landing, including any duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination ;(3) pay for war risk insurance provided by seller ;(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller's obligations under (6) or (7) above have ceased ;(5) pay the cost of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which may be required for importation of the goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.CFR and C.I.F. CommentsUnder CFR and C.I.F. contracts there are the following points on which the seller and the buyer should be in complete agreement at the time that the contract is concluded :1. It should be agreed upon, in advance, who is to for miscellaneous expenses, such as weighing or inspection charges.2. The quantity to be shipped on any one vessel should be agreed upon, in advance, with a view to the buyer's capacity to take delivery upon arrival and discharge of the vessel ; within the free time allowed at the port of importation.3. Although the terms CFR and C.I.F. are generally interpreted to provide that charges for consular invoices and certificates of origin are for the account of the buyer, and are charged separately, in many trades these charges are included by the seller in his price. Hence, seller and buyer should agree, in advance, whether these charges are part of the selling price, or will be invoiced separately.4. The point of final destination should be definitely known in the event the vessel discharges at a port other than the actual destination of the goods.5. When ocean freight space is difficult to obtain, or forward freight contracts cannot be made at firm rates, it is advisable that sales contracts, as an exception to regular CFR or C.I.F. terms, should provide that shipment within the contract period be subject to ocean freight space being available to the seller, and should also provide that changes in the cost of ocean transportation between the time of sale and the time of shipment be for account of the buyer.6. Normally, the seller is obligated to prepay the ocean freight. In some instances, shipments are made freight collect and the amount of the freight is deducted from the invoice rendered by the seller. It is necessary to be in agreement on this, in advance, in order to avoid misunderstanding which arises from foreign exchange fluctuations which might affect the actual cost of transportation, and from interest charges which might accrue under letter of credit financing.Hence, the seller should always prepay the ocean freight unless he has a specific agreement with the buyer, in advance, that goods can be shipped freight collect.7. The buyer should recognize that he does not have the right to insist on inspection of goods prior to accepting the documents. The buyer should not refuse to take delivery of goods on account of delay in the receipt of documents, provided the seller has used due diligence in their dispatch through the regular channels.8. Seller and buyers are advised against including in a C.I.F. contract any indefinite clause at variance with the obligations of a C.I.F. contract as specified in these Definitions. There have been numerous court decisions in the United States and other countries invalidating C.I.F. contracts because of the inclusion of indefinite clauses.9. Interest charges should be included in cost computations and should not be charged as a separate item in C.I.F. contracts, unless otherwise agreed upon, in advance, between the seller and buyer ; in which case, however, the term C.I.F. and I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Interest) should be used.10. In connection with insurance under C.I.F. sales, it is necessary that seller and buyer be definitely in accord upon the following points :(a) The character of the marine insurance should be agreed upon so far as being W.A. (With Average) or F.P.A. (Free of Particular Average), as well as any other special risks that are covered in specific trades, of against which the buyer may wish individual protection. Among the special risks that should be considered and agreed upon between seller and buyer are theft, pilferage, leakage, breakage, sweat, contract with other cargoes, and others peculiar to any particular trade. It is important that contingent or collect freight and customs duty should be insured to cover Particular Average losses, as well as total loss after arrival and entry but before delivery.(b) The seller is obligated to exercise ordinary care and diligence in selecting an underwriter that is in good financial standing. However, the risk of obtaining settlement of insurance claims rests with the buyer.(c) War risk insurance under this term is to be obtained by the seller at the expense and risk of the buyer. It is important that the seller be in definite accord with the buyer on this point, particularly as to the cost. It is desirable that the goods be insured against both marine and war risk with the same underwriter, so that there can be no difficulty arising from the determination of the cause of the loss.(d) Seller should make certain that in his marine or war risk insurance, there be included the standard protection against strikes, riots and civil commotions.(e) Seller and buyer should be in accord as to the insured valuation, bearing in mind that merchandise contributes in General Average on certain bases of valuation which differ in various trades, It is desirable that a competent insurance broker be consulted, in order that full value be covered and trouble avoided.(VI) DEQ DeliveredEx Quay (Duty Paid)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "DEQ Comments" at the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
美国对外贸易定义1941年修正本(颁布日期:1941年7月30日实施日期:1941年7月30日时效性:有效)一九四一年七月三十日美国商会、美国进口商协会及全国对外贸易协会所组成的联合委员会通过。
序言注意要点价格术语定义EX(POINTOFORIGIN)产地交货FOBFAS船边交货C&F成本加运费CIF成本加保险费、运费EXDOCK目的港码头交货序言一九一九年《美国对外贸易定义》的出版曾在澄清与简化对外贸易实务方面起过不少作用,并得到世界各国买卖双方的广泛承认和使用。
但自该定义出版以后,贸易习惯已有很多变化,因而在一九四○年举行的第二十七届全国对外贸易会议上强烈要求对它作进一步的修订与澄清,认为这对帮助对外贸易商处理业务是必要的。
兹推荐《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》供进口和出口商人共同使用。
此项修正本并无法律效力,除非有专门的立法规定或为法院判决所认可。
因此,为使其对各有关当事人产生法律上的约束力,建议买方与卖方接受此定义作为买卖合同的一个组成部分。
鉴于一九一九年以来贸易习惯和手续的演变,这次修正的定义中包括了卖方和买方的一些新的责任,并且在许多方面,对原有责任的解释也比一九一九年定义的解释清楚一些,这些修改对卖方和买方都是有益的。
广泛接受这次修订的定义,将导致对外贸易手续的标准化,并避免许多误解。
卖方和买方采用此修正的定义,将使各有关当事人对其责任和权利更加明确。
注意要点1.由于世界各地有很多机构都分别提出了对外贸易定义,而很多国家的法院对这些定义各有不同的解释,所以由卖方和买方一致同意他们所订的合同以《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》为准,并接受《定义》所列各点,这是很有必要的。
2.除下列对外贸易的术语外,还有一些有时使用的术语,如港口交货(FreeHarbor),成本加保险费、运费、佣金(C.I.F.&C),成本加保险费、运费、利息(C.I.F.&I.),成本加保险费、运费、佣金、利息((C.I.F.C.&I.),成本加保险费、运费并卸到岸上(C.I.F.Landed),以及其他。
除非事先已经准确地理解它们的确切含义,这些术语都不宜使用。
想借用本《定义》所列术语的解释去阐述其他术语是不明智的,因此,只要有可能,就应援用已经在这里下了定义的术语。
3.在报价或合同中,使用容易被误解的缩写是不明智的。
4.在报价中,应避免使用常见的“英担”(Hundredweight)或“吨”(Ton)。
因为一英担可以是短吨的100磅或长吨的112磅,一吨可以是2,000磅的短吨或2,204.6磅的公吨,也可以是2,204磅的长吨,所以在报价和售货确认书中,对“英担”或“吨”要明确表示它所代表的实际重量,同样,关于数量、重量、体积、长度或面积等单位也应该经双方一致同意作出明确的说明。
5.如货物需经检验或需要检验证书,则双方事先应协议明确该费用由卖方或由买方负担。
6.除另有协议外,卖方应负担一切费用,直至货物到达买方必须负责随后运送事宜的地点为止。
7.合同中还有很多组成部分不属于对外贸易定义的范围,因此,在本《定义》中未予述及。
对此,双方应在磋商合同时另行议定,对于所谓“惯常的”做法尤应如此。
价格术语定义(Ⅰ)产地交货EX(POINTOFORIGIN)“制造厂交货”,“矿山交货”,“农场交货”,“仓库交货”等(指定产地)“EXFACTORY”,“EXMILL”,“EXMINE”,“EXPLANTATION”,“EXWAREHOUSE”,etc.(namedpointoforigin)按此术语,所报价格仅适用于原产地交货,卖方同意在规定日期或期限内在双方商定地点将货物置于买方控制之下。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)承担货物的一切费用和风险,直至买方应负责提货时为止。
(2)在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下,协助买方取得原产地及/或装运地国家签发的为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。
买方责任:(1)在货物按规定日期或期限内送抵约定地点并置于买方控制下时,应立即受领。
(2)支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
(3)从买方应负责受领货物之时起,承担货物的一切费用和风险。
(4)支付因领取原产地及/或装运地国家签发的,为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件的全部费用。
(Ⅱ)F.O.B.(FREEONBOARD)注:为充分了解在各种F.O.B.价格术语下相应的责任和权利,买卖双方不仅应考虑本定义,还须明了本节附录的“有关各种F.O.B.价格术语的注解”。
(Ⅱ-A)“在内陆指定发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货”F.O.B.(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)按此术语,所报的价格仅适用于:在内陆装运地点,由卖方安排并将货物装于火车、卡车、驳船、拖船、飞机或其他供运输用的载运工具之上。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)将货物装在载运工具上,或提交内陆承运人装运。
(2)提供清洁提单或其他运输收据,注明运费到付。
(3)承担货物的任何灭失及/或损坏的责任,直至货物在装运地被装上载运工具,并取得承运人出具的清洁的提单或其他运输收据为止。
(4)在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下,协助买方取得原产地及/或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。
买方责任:(1)负责货物自内陆装货地点装运后的一切运送事宜,并支付全部运输费用。
(2)支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
(3)承担在指定的内陆起运地点装运后所发生的任何灭失及或损坏的责任。
(4)支付因领取由原产地及/或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需各种证件的全部费用。
(Ⅱ-B)“在内陆指定的发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货,运费预付到指定的出口地点”F.O.B.(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FREIGHTPREPAIDTOnamedpointofexportation,按此术语,卖方所报价格包括把货物运至指定出口地点的运输费用,并预付至出口地点的运费。
卖方在内陆指定起运地点取得清洁提单或其他运输收据后,对货物不再承担责任。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)承担(Ⅱ-A)项下规定的卖方责任,但其中第(2)点除外。
卖方必须提供清洁的提单或其他运输收据,并预付至指定出口地点的运费。
买方责任:(1)承担(Ⅱ-A)项下规定的买方责任,但无须支付从装货地点至指定出口地点的运费。
(Ⅱ-C)“在指定的内陆发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货,减除至指定出口地点的运费”F.O.B.(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FREIGHTALLOWEDTO(namedpoint)按此术语,卖方所报价格,包括货物至指定地点的运输费用,但注明运费到付,并将由卖方在价金内减除。
卖方在指定内陆起运地点取得清洁的提单或其他运输收据后,对货物不再承担责任。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)承担(Ⅱ-A)项下规定的卖方责任,但运至指定地点的运输费用应在发票中减除。
买方责任:(1)承担(Ⅱ-A)项下规定的买方责任,但要负责支付卖方已减除的由内陆装运地点到指定地点的运费。
(Ⅱ-D)“在指定出口地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货”F.O.B.(namedinlandcarrieratnamedpointofexportation)按此术语,卖方所报的价格,包括将货物运至指定出口地点的运输费用,并承担直至上述地点的任何灭失及/或损坏的责任。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)将货物装在载运工具上,或交给内陆承运人装运。
(2)提供清洁的提单或其他运输收据,并支付由装运地点至指定出口地点的一切运输费用。
(3)承担货物的一切灭失及/或损坏责任,直至装于内陆载运工具上的货物抵达指定出口地点为止。
(4)在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下,协助买方取得原产地及/或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。
买方责任:(1)承担货物在出口地点内陆载运工具上时起的全部运转责任。
(2)支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
(3)承担从装于内陆载运工具上的货物抵达指定出口地点时起的一切灭失及/或损坏的责任。
(4)支付因领取由原产地及/或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需各种证件所发生的一切费用。
(Ⅱ-E)“指定装运港船上交货”F.O.B.VESSEL(namedportofshipment)按此术语,卖方所报价格包括在指定装运港将货物交到由买方提供或为买方提供的海洋轮船上的全部费用。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)支付在规定日期或期限内,将货物实际装载于买方提供的或为买方提供的轮船上而发生的全部费用。
(2)提供清洁的轮船收据或已装船提单。
(3)承担货物一切灭失及/或损坏责任,直至在规定日期或期限内,已将货物装载于轮船上为止。
(4)在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下,协助买方取得由原产地及/或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。
买方责任:(1)将船名、开航日期、装船泊位及交货时间明确地通知卖方。
(2)当卖方已将货物交由买方控制,但由于买方指定轮船未能在规定时间内到达或不能装货而发生的额外费用及全部风险,由买方承担。
(3)办理有关货物随后运至目的地的一切运转事宜:a办理保险并支付其费用;b提供船舶或其他运输工具并支付其费用。
(4)支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
(5)承担货物装上船后的一切灭失及/或损坏责任。
(6)支付因领取由原产地及/或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件(但清洁的轮船收据或提单除外)而发生的一切费用。
(Ⅱ-F)“进口国指定内陆地点交货”F.O.B.(namedinlandpointincountryofimportation)按此术语,卖方所报价格包括货价及运至进口国指定内陆地点的全部运输费用。
在此报价下:卖方责任:(1)负责安排货物运至进口国指定地点的全部运输事宜,并支付其费用。
(2)支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
(3)办理海洋运输保险并支付其费用。
(4)除买卖双方另有约定外,投保战争险并支付其费用。
(5)承担货物的一切灭失及/或损坏责任,直至装在载运工具上的货物抵达进口国的指定内陆地点为止。
(6)支付因取得产地证、领事发票或其他由原产地及/或装运地国家签发的为货物在目的地进口及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要的各种证件的费用。
(7)支付全部的各项起岸的费用,包括码头捐、起岸费及税捐等。
(8)支付在进口国的一切报关费用。
(9)支付进口国的关税和一切适用于进口的税捐等。
买方责任:(1)载运工具抵达目的地时,应立即受领货物。