2011年考研,新东方考研英语,2011年考研英语复习2010考研英语完型填空分析及标准答案
2011年完形填空真题及答案解析(个人原创)
2011年考研英语真题（一）完形填空的个人独特解析版Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.1. [A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like2. [A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining4. [A] transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe5. [A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable解析：第一题：完形填空第一句没有挖空是有原因的，一般要么是文章的主旨，要么与主旨有关的信息。
因此要仔细读。
本句中，Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health是说“亚里士多德认为笑也是有益于健康的一种锻炼”。
2011年研究生英语二考试大纲与2011、2010考研英语二真题及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试（二）考试大纲考试性质英语（二）考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公正、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准时高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
考试形式和试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷分试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)考试内容与试卷结构试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用主要是考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解主要是考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节(20小题)本部分为多项选择题，共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。
要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
考生需在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
每篇文章设5题，共20小题。
每小题2分，共40分。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题)本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
或者这3种形式中某几种的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1)多项对应。
2)小标题对应。
3)正误判断。
第三部分：英译汉考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
2011年考研英语（一）完型填空题目及参考答案
2011年考研英语真题（2011.01.15第一时间提供）完型填空题目及参考答案2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does.__6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__， studies dating back to the 1930's indicate that laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback， that improve an individual's emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile - or with their lips， which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown， ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part， the response has been favorable， to say the least. “Hooray！ At last！” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with noair of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances； moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference？ Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert's appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings？[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert's role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure，executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditiesexchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are， but that's been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2， senior executives' quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3， Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it's safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？[A]CEOs： Where to Go？[B]CEOs： All the Way Up？[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media - such as television commercials and print advertisements - still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ， such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases， one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media - for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective， gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers， other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens， passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example， alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick andwell-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful， provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter - nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive - and newly single - mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ？ It doesn't seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on； yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their “own” (read： with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can， Mr Menand points out， became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly， up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities： Literature， languages，philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style： 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However， many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard， Mr Menand notes，“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly， only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects： English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So， at the end of a decade of theses-writing， many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate， taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law， medicine or business， future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation， top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process： federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990， but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career： as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation， argues Mr Menand，is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge， but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education， concludes Mr Menand， is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise， academics will continue to think dangerously alike， increasingly detached from the societies which they study，investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry， at least in some fields，may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens， Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas： Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. Forsomething curious has been happening in American Universities， and Louis Menand，a professor of English at Harvard University， captured it skillfully.G → 41.→42.→ E →43.→44.→45.Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another. However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question：“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？“Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ：“ We do not att ract what we want， but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement；you don't “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that “Cir cumstances do not make a person，they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances， however bad， offers a unique opportunity for growth. Ifcircumstances always determined the life and prospects of people， then humanity would never have progressed. In fat， (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from oursituation .Nevertheless， as any biographer knows， a person's early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us； where before we were experts in the array of limitations， now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions：Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay，you should1) describe the drawing briefly，2) explain it's intended meaning， and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案部分由跨考教育提供1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
2011年考研英语真题：完形填空详解
2011考研英语真题：完型填空详解题目的文章来自于 2009年4月号Scientific American, 作者 Steve Ayan, 原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health。
" But 1 despite some claims to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration, 3 boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have 5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。
6 In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 opposite. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter8 relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides。
2011年考研英语一完型填空题详解
2011年考研英语⼀完型填空题详解
2011年的完型是简单的，⼀上来就做出了证明：第⼀题考了极其明显的逻辑关系⽽不是前⼏年⼀样先来⼀个‘纸⽼虎’的下马威。
⽽这样的简单词汇居然考了5道题之多(1/6/11/13/20)。
⽂章出处，还是来⾃于距离出题时间⼀年左右的西⽅杂志(符合我们讲的出题时间前⼗⼏到三⼗⼏个⽉的规律，显得
更‘新’⽽已)。
今年的20道题80个选项，很多选项单词的设置都曾经在历年真题当中都出现过。
如果说考⽣在⼀年的学习当中，如果不停的实践以真题为备考的复习原则的话，难度不是特别⼤。
这个规律，在‘⾛向未来’和‘画龙点睛’中我多次提及。
⽽所谓‘新出现’的选项词汇作为正确答案的，也只有两成左右。
出现了⼀些⽐较简单的题⽬，个别答案的词或词组难度相当于中考或者是⾼考。
这个规律，我们当时也讲了两条：最简单的答案⾸选；偏词怪词⾸次出现的词汇不宜选。
(1/5/10/12/13/14/16/18都是这样的。
)
还有⼀个更重要的规律，我们在课上也讲过多次，这次考题所占⽐例⾮常的⼤，甚⾄达到了总题量的整整⼀半！那就是同义和反义选项的问题，也直接降低了本次考试完型的难度。
我将再写⼀篇评论单独论述这个话题。
新题型，简单的排序题。
这样的排序题虽然我们准备时候的素材特别少，加上这⼀篇才有三篇样题，但是阻挡不了这种题⽬本⾝的简单和极强的规律性。
这篇更像⼤纲样题，⼤家应该⽐较开⼼，⼏个规律，都适⽤：注意六个信息(时间、地点、列举顺序重复信息、逻辑标志词、代词、冠词)；注意答案正确率的叠加性和放⼤性。
2010年考研英语真题完形填空
2010年考研英语真题完形填空Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to th e “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alte r workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hiting做第一遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．单词总数：271+80=351生词数：；占比；做第二遍：．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．二句子与语法：做第三遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．三．语段与语篇：做第三遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．2011年考研英语一试题完形填空SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher viewed laughter as “a bolidy eercise preicious to heath.”But 1 some claims to the contrary ,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consummption ,But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 ,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the ,say,walking ot jogging does6 ,instead of straining muscles to bulid them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 ,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies downSuch bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act og laughing probably does 11 one classical theory of emtion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of 19th centry that humens do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begins to flowAlthiugh sadness also 14 tears ,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experimemt published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen eigher with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise thrie enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, 19 that expression may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20 ,the physical act of laughter could improve mood1. [A] among [B] except [C]despite [D] like2. [A] reflect [B]demend [C]indicate [D]produce3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining4. [A] transmit [B]sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe5. [A] measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief7. [A] opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D] expected8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D]relaxes9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] morderate [D] enhance10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subcinscious [D]intermal11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if [D] because14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] supresses15. [A] into [B]form [C] towards [D] beyond16. [A] fecth [B] form [C] pick [D] hold17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similatly [D] Conversely做第一遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．一：词汇与短语：单词总数：264+80=344生词数：；占比；做第二遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．二句子与语法：做第三遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．三．语段与语篇：做第三遍：1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．12．13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．2012年考研英语一试题完形填空。
2011年考研,新东方考研英语,2011年考研英语复习2010考研英语新题型分析及标准答案
2010考研英语新题型分析及标准答案2010年考研的英语试题在新题型部分，出现了比较不常见的排序题，而且在题型上和传统的排序题还有所差别。
题目要求中明确指出，本题共出现标号从A到G的7个段落，其中E段的位置已经给出，而要求从A,B,C,D,F,G这6个段落中选取5段，并结合已经给的E段，进行排序。
如果从做题的步骤上来讲，可以说是两个相互交织的过程：排序和筛选，排序是排定段落的顺序，同时还要筛选出一个多余的段落。
题目的素材。
选自2003年第一期《麦肯锡周刊》(The Mckinsey Quartly)。
请注意，这已经是这本注明的经济管理类杂志第二次入选考研英语试题的素材库了。
原文的名字叫“A wholesale shift in European groceries”，翻译成汉语，为“欧洲日常用品销售向批发转型”。
文章的作者是三位麦肯锡集团在快消行业的咨询师Javier Castrillo, Jose Manuel Martinez, 和 Dieter Messner。
整个文章主要描述的目前欧洲的日用消费品零售商(主要是连锁大超市集团)在欧洲面临的困境——增长乏力。
而它们却忽视了现在消费者的习惯正在发生改变这一事实。
值得注意的是，考研命题的专家在出题的时候，把原文的段落进行了组合和删减。
原文中的一段，在题目中便成了两段，而原文中一个段落的末尾，在考题中又和下一段的开头拼接在了一起，形成了一个新的段落。
这给我们做题带来了困难。
(B)Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。
2011考研英语(二)完型填空题及参考答案
2011考研英语(二)完型填空题及参考答案2011年考研英语(二)完型填空题目及参考答案"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Inte rnet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced参考答案：1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD。
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2010考研英语完形填空分析及标准答案2010年的考研英语完型填空部分，使用了2009年6月6日 Economist 《经济学人》杂志上的一篇文章，文章主要内容，是对社会学上一个经典的理论：霍桑效应的批判和反思。
文章难度适中。
命题专家在出题的时候也进行了一定程度的改写。
下面结合原文，我来公布一下标准答案。
Light work; Questioning the Hawthorne effectJune 6, 2009WHEN America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago in 1924, it hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected (第一题答案为A)workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended up (第二题答案为B)giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act (第三题答案为C)of being experimented upon changes subjects' behaviour。
The idea arose because of the perplexing (第四题答案为B)behaviour of the women (who assembled relays and wound coils of wire)(题目中此处删除) in the Hawthorne plant. According to accounts (第五题答案为C)of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not matter (第六题答案为B)what was done; so long as (第七题答案为D)something was changed, productivity rose. An awareness (第八题答案为A)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough (第九题答案为C)to alter workers' behaviour by (第十题答案为D)itself。
命题专家改写了下面的句子(The data from the illumination experiments had never been rigorously analysed and were believed lost. But Steven Levitt and John List, two economists at the University of Chicago, discovered that the data had survived the decades in two archives in Milwaukee and Boston,) and decided to subject (第十一题答案为C)them to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store for them. Contrary to (第十二题答案为A)the descriptions in the literature, they found no systematic evidence (第十三题答案为A)that levels of productivity in the factory rose whenever changes in lighting were implemented。
It turns out that idiosyncrasies in the way the experiments were conducted may have led to misleading (第十四题答案为D)interpretations of what happened. For example(第十五题答案为B)， lighting was always changed on a Sunday, when the plant was closed. When it reopened on Monday, output duly rose (第十六题答案为A)compared with Saturday, the last working day before the change, and continued (第十七题答案为D)to rise for the next couple of days. But (第十八题答案)a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed thatoutput always went up on Mondays. Workers tended to(第十九题答案) beaver away(题目中换成了较简单的be diligent) for the first few days of the working week in any case, before hitting (第二十题答案为D)a plateau and then slackening off。
以下原文的两段没有选，我在这里列出，仅供大家参考：Another of the original observations was that output fell when the trials ceased, suggesting that the act of experimentation caused increased productivity. But experimentation stopped in the summer, and it turns out from the records of production after the experiments that output tended to fall in the summer anyway. Perhaps workers were just hot。
There is a suggestion in the data that productivity was more responsive to changes in artificial than natural light. This could be interpreted as a subtler version of the Hawthorne effect, if you believe that workers were aware that changes in artificial light were induced by the experimenters, whereas natural light was changing on its own. But even this evidence is weak. For something so influential and intuitively appealing, it turns out that the Hawthorne effect is remarkably hard to pin down。
2010年考研完形填空解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop floor lignting__1__workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to__ 14__ interpretation of what happened.__ 15___, lighting was always changed on Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the working week in any case, before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect “is hard to pin down.1.选A. 此句要表达的意思为“厂房的灯光是如何对工作效率产生影响的”，因此，这里需要的意思是“影响”。