被动语态与间接引语
语法中被动语态和间接引语的注意事项知识点总结
语法中被动语态和间接引语的注意事项知识点总结被动语态和间接引语是语法中常见的两个知识点，它们在英语学习中起着重要的作用。
掌握它们的使用方法和注意事项，能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思，使语言表达更加丰富和准确。
本文将对被动语态和间接引语的注意事项进行总结，并给出相应的例句进行说明。
一、被动语态1. 被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be（根据时态变化）+及物动词的过去分词构成。
例如：- The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。
）- The letter will be sent tomorrow.（信明天会被寄出。
）2. 注意事项（1）被动语态强调动作的接受者而非执行者，常用于不知道或不关心动作的执行者的情况。
（2）被动语态通常使用于及物动词。
不能用于不及物动词，因为不及物动词没有宾语。
（3）被动语态的时态和语态要根据上下文的需要而灵活变化。
3. 例句- The cake was eaten by Tom.（这个蛋糕被汤姆吃掉了。
）- The book will be read by many people.（这本书将会被很多人读。
）二、间接引语1. 间接引语的转述间接引语是对直接引语（别人的原话）的转述，它是语句的陈述，而不是援引别人的原话。
例如：- He said that he was tired.（他说他很累。
）2. 注意事项（1）在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，引导引语的动词常常需要根据时态、人称和一般陈述句的特点进行相应的改变。
（2）引导间接引语的动词有时需要加上连接词that，有时可以省略。
3. 例句- She said, "I will go to the cinema tonight."（她说：“我今晚会去电影院。
”）→ She said that she would go to the cinema that night.（她说她那天晚上会去电影院。
高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习
一．直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。
直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1．时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said， asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。
例如：Tom said to me，“My brother is doing his homework．”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework．2．人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：She asked Jack，“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been．He said，“These books are mine．”→He said that those books were his．（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。
转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me， him， her， us等。
如：She said，“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home．“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me．→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday．直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask， tell， order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
英语常用句型解析
英语常用句型解析英语是全球通用的语言之一，掌握常用句型对于学好英语非常重要。
句型是构成句子的基本模式，掌握不同句型能够帮助我们更准确、流利地表达自己的意思。
在本文中，我将介绍一些常用的句型，帮助你扩大词汇量和提高英语表达能力。
1.主谓结构主谓结构是最基本的句型之一，由一个主语和一个谓语组成。
主语通常是句子中的人或事物，而谓语是描述主语的动作或状态的部分。
例句：She runs every morning.（她每天早上跑步。
）2.主谓宾结构主谓宾结构是句子的另一种基本结构，除了主语和谓语外，还包括一个宾语。
宾语通常是动作的接受者或行为的对象。
例句：He eats an apple.（他吃了一个苹果。
）3.主系表结构主系表结构由一个主语、一个系动词和一个表语组成。
系动词用于连接主语和表语，描述主语的状态或特征。
例句：She is happy.（她很快乐。
）4.并列结构并列结构用于将两个或更多的句子、短语或词汇并列在一起，通过连词或标点符号来连接它们。
例句：I like to swim and play basketball.（我喜欢游泳和打篮球。
）5.条件句条件句是表达某种条件或假设的句型，包括主句和从句。
从句通常以if或unless开头。
例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们会呆在家里。
）6.比较句比较句用于比较两个或多个事物的不同或相似之处。
常用的比较句型有as...as和比较级。
例句：She is as tall as her sister.（她和她妹妹一样高。
）He is taller than me.（他比我高。
）7.感叹句感叹句用于表达强烈的情感或惊讶之情。
常见的感叹句型有What a/an...和How...例句：What a beautiful sunset!（多美的日落啊！）How clever he is!（他多聪明啊！）8.间接引语间接引语用于转述他人的话语或思想，在引述的内容前加上动词表示引述的动作。
直引变间引,被动语态
直接引语变间接引语：主句为一般过去式（said、told），从句时态倒移，从句的主语变化：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
被动语态：一现被动：主语+be（am，is，are）+v.过分一过被动：主语+was/were+v.过分现完被动：主语+have/has+been+v.过分一．按要求改写句子1.“ You are still ugly, ” Sally said to the lady. （变成间接引语）_____________________________________________________2.I took her to a children’s party last month. （变成被动语态）_____________________________________________________3.We clean our classroom every day. （变成被动语态）_____________________________________________________4.She found the kitten yesterday. （变成被动语态）_____________________________________________________5.Who painted the bookcase? (使用被动语态回答her father)_____________________________________________________二．合并句子：改写为含有宾语从句的句子。
1.He has another chance. They told him.______________________________________________________2.Have you ever seen the film ? She wants to know.______________________________________________________3.Is he a student? I don’t know.______________________________________________________4.Which film do you like best ? I want to know.______________________________________________________5.When did you first meet ? Can you tell me?______________________________________________________三．根据括号里的提示完成句子1.I want to know if she _______ English. (understand)2.Do you know what they are _______ about ? (talk)3.The boss wants to know why he hasn’t _______ the work. (finish)4.My wife wants to know when I _______ home yesterday evening? (arrive)5.Can you tell me if it will _______ tomorrow ? (snow)6.She wants to know if you have _______ the exam. (pass)7.The teacher wants to know why he _______ in the last race. (fail)8.Every mother wants to know what she can _______ to her children. (offer)9.Helen wants to know if Jim _______ New York last month. (fly)10.Does he know what grandma is _______ to ? (listen)四．选词填空what if there got lazy1.She didn’t say _______ her mother was at home.2.Do you know when Tom _______ up this morning.3.Can you tell me _______ you hear ?4.I want to know if you will be _______ tomorrow.5.His wife wants to know why he is so _______.五、将下列句子变成被动语态1.Tom broke the glass just now.2.He invited me to the party.3.Somebody cleaned the room yesterday.4.They water these flowers every day.5.We have emptied the baskets. （）六、单项选择1.What language in America?A. speakB. spokeC. spokenD. is spoken2.They to clean the classroom yesterday.A. are askedB. were askedC. askedD. Ask3 .This kind of flower must every day.A .water B.be watered C .watered D .watering4 .This kind of bike in Tianjin.A .is madeB .makesC .is makingD .made。
被动语态重点知识点总结
被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。
在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。
因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。
第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now.4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.其它几种特殊句型：It is said that …….. It is well known that ……. It is reported that……..have sth done第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。
句子成分、直接和间接引语、被动语态
一、句子的成分(1) 定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(1)表解句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study inHuangqiao MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing underthe tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is achemist.His words soundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子We have eightlessons every day.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party inHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps thehouse clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！3. 复合不定代词用法指物指人用于肯定句中something 某物somebody 某人someone 某人用于疑问、否定句中anything 任何事物anybody 任何人anyone 任何人本身是否定nothing 无物nobody 无人no one 没有人用于肯定、疑问everything 任何事物everybody 每人，人人everyone 每人，人人【用法】(1) 这些代词都作单数看待，作主语时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：Is there anything wrong? 有什么毛病吗？Everybody/Everyone is interested in the subject. 谁对这个问题都感兴趣。
2017-2018学年高中英语Module3TheViolenceofNatureSectionⅢGrammar过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语教学案
Module 3 The Violence of Nature Section Ⅲ Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语语法图解探究发现①By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700had been injured.②By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.③Coghlan traveled back to Canada — after he had been buried in Texas!④She says, “Tom was very kind.”→She says that Tom was very kind.⑤He asked, “Will you go to the party？”→He asked whether/if I would go to the party.⑥She asked me, “When do they have their dinner？”→She asked me when they had their dinner.⑦The teacher said，“About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.”→The teacher said that about 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.[我的发现](1)②句采用了过去完成时，其构成形式为：主语＋had_done。
(2)①③句采用了过去完成时的被动语态，其构成形式为：主语＋had_been_done。
(3)④～⑦句均为直接引语变间接引语的句子，在变间接引语时，人称、时态、语序等方面都要做相应的变化。
八年级上海英语知识点
八年级上海英语知识点八年级是学生英语学习的重要阶段，一些基础知识已经被打下，但同时各种语法、词汇难度也在不断增加。
下面就来看看八年级上海英语的重要知识点。
一、语法1. 直接引语和间接引语直接引语是以原句子中的形式（用引号）呈现，间接引语是将引语放入一个引语从句，借助‘that’或者‘if/whether’等引导词来起到宾语的作用。
例如：直接引语：John says, “I am busy today.”间接引语：John says that he is busy today.2. 倒装句句子中的主语和谓语的位置颠倒调换，用于强调句子的语气。
例如：原句：He never goes to the movies.倒装：Never does he go to the movies.3. 被动语态表示动作的承受者在句子中位置靠前，动作的执行者在后面。
例如：主动语态：The dog bit the man.被动语态：The man was bitten by the dog.二、词汇1. 同义词和反义词同义词是指意思相同或相似的词语，反义词则表示相反的意思。
例如：同义词：thin - slender，happy - glad反义词：big - small，happy -sad2. 前缀和后缀前缀是放在词根前面改变词的词缀，后缀则是放在词根后面改变词的词缀。
这些词缀能够帮助我们从单词中推断出它们的意思。
例如：前缀：mis + spell = misspell（拼错）后缀：happy + ness = happiness（快乐）3. 词形变化词形变化可以通过在词中添加后缀、改变拼写或通过不规则变化来改变单词的形态。
例如：run - ran - running三、阅读理解1. 主旨大意概括主旨是指文章传达的核心意思，大意概括就是将文章中的主要内容以简要精炼的方式表示出来。
例如：这篇文章主要讲了青少年沉迷游戏的危害和如何预防。
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被动语态总结动词的语态主要分为两种：主动语态与被动语态主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执行者。
被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者。
I have done the job.（主动句）The job has been done.（被动句）1．被动语态根据时态的不同，可分为以下几种类型：一般现在时：am/is/are+done;一般过去时：was/were+done现在进行时：am/is/are+being done过去进行时：was/were+being done将来时：will/would+be done,be going to be done, be to be done现在完成时：have/has +been done过去完成时：had+been done将来完成时：will+have been done2.被动语态和主功语态一样具有不同时态，其时态的变化取决于时间状语，其时态的变化形式由其助动词be的事态变化形式来体现The house is being painted now.（现在进行时被动语态）Tom has been said to him about it.（现在完成时被动语态）The furniture was bought last week..（过去时被动语态）You'll be punished one day.（将来时被动语态）3．被动语态的意义（1）不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者Colour TV sets are sold in that shop.Football is plated all over the world.(2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。
History is made by the people.The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people.(3)有时主语较长，可后置。
It's said that we have won the game.4．在实义动词make及感官动词see ，hear….等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to"?The teacher made Tom answer it again.（主动语态，不加“to" )Tom was made to answer it again.（被动语态，加“to" )5.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。
look at，laugh at，send for，call on，carry out，listen to，take care of ,ma ke use of,depend on，pay attention to，hand in，put on，look up，give up〕等.6. be＋过去分词可以是被动语态形式，也可以是系表结构形式。
区别是，系表结构表示主语状态或特征，不带by短语；而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作，可以带by短语。
The job was well done.（系表结构）The job was well done by a skilled worker.（被动语态）The composition is well written.（系表结构）The composition is written with great care;.（被动语态）7．原来主动语态中的宾语如果是从句，变为被动语态时，要用形式主语it.It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him.It is said that this book has been translated into several languages.8．有一些动词不能用被动语态。
break out，take place，happen，belong to，cost，suit，fit，have，let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet（遇见），join（参加），fail等9．宾语为反身代词时，不用被动语态，只用主动语态形式。
The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.10．有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。
如：happen，pretend，seem，used to，ought to，appear等。
The house used to be painted white.The job has to be done before dark.On the way we happened to be caught in the rain.11．有些动名词在want, need, require和介词worth后形式为主动，意义为被动。
12．有些动词用主动形式来表示被动意义。
如：clean, sell,look，lock，open，write，read，wash,feel等。
This kind of cloth washes easily.These books sell well.（好卖）The door doesn't lock.The door can't open.This pen writes very well.13．除助动词be可以构成被动语态外，get, become等词也可以＋过去分词构成被动意义。
She was unhappy because she didn't get invited to the party.练习题1( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.A. foundB. was foundedC. is foundedD. was found( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.A. speaksB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is spoken( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.A. often singsB. often sangC. is often sangD. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.A. is usedB. are usingC. are usedD. have used2( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.A. keepB. be keptC. to be keptD. to keep( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.A. it soldB. it's sellingC. It's been soldD. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.A. is buildingB. is being builtC. been builtD. be building ( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.A. was leftB. will be leftC. is leftD. has been left ( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need( ) 6 His new book___ next month.A. will be publishedB. is publishingC. is being publishedD. has been published( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.A. is not spokenB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is not speaking ( ) 2 These papers___yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.A. didn'tB. won'tC. isn'tD. doesn't4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be mended?B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost?D. Can't they mended?( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. DoesB. HasC. Is D . Are( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?A. WillB. AreC. HasD. Do( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting holdB. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn't held a meetingD. a meeting wasn't held( ) 2 Who was the book___?A. writeB. wroteC. writtenD. written by( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?A. wasB. wereC. isD. am6( ) 1 The flowers ___ often.A. must be waterB. must be wateredC. must wateredD. must water( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.A. be keptB. be borrowedC. keepD. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.A. can mendB. can mendedC. can be mendD. can be mended( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shownB. will shownC. will showD. is shown ( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next weekA. is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuiltD. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.A. growsB. is grownC. were grownD. will grow( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.A. is builtB. builtC. were builtD. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather .A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot ___ waterA. is filled withB. filled ofC. fulling ofD. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must ___.A. look after wellB. be looked well afterC. looked well afterD. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.A. are taken good careB. are taken good care ofC. take good care ofD. take good care( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.A. frighteningB. frightenedC. frightenD. frightens( ) 3 These walls ___ stone.A. are made ofB. made of.C. are made intoD. made into11( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. calledB. was askedC. toldD. was said( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.A. were shownB. showC. shown /D. have shown( ) 3 The coat___her sister.A. made toB. were made forC. was made forD. was made to12( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gaveB. was givingC. had givenD. was given( ) 2 Good care____such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 3 She will____good care____.A. take; ofB. be taken; ofC. take; for youD. be taken; of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.A. to doB. doC. didD. done( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to cleanB. made cleanC. made to cleanD. was made clean( ) 3 These children____dance.A. were seen toB. were seen forC. were seenD. saw to14( ) 1 These stones___well.A. are fittedB. fitC. fitsD. is fitted( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.A. was costB. costedC. costD. is costed( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.A. was'hadB. was heldC. heldD. had15( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.A. took placeB. have taken placeC. were taking placeD. had taken place( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.A. was broken downB. is wrongC. is badD. has broken down ( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happenedB. happenedC. have been happenedD. were happened ( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.A. satB. lainC. brokenD. fell16( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.A. is brokenB. is breakingC. brokeD. broken( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?A. does; closedB. does; closeC. is; closedD. /; close17( ) 1 Can he___ himself?A. get dressB. get dressedC. gets dressedD. instead of ( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.A. is hurtB. gets hurtC. got hurtD. hurt( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__A. burntB. burnC. burningD. get burn18( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.A. is tastedB. taste -C. tastesD. are tasting( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. seeB. watchC. lookD. look at( ) 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.A. heardB. listenedC. soundD. sounded19( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.A. watchingB. watchedC. seenD. seeing( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.A. to cleanB. cleanC. cleaningD. cleaned( ) 3 The book is worth ___.A. seeingB. readingC. seenD. read参考答案1. 1-5 B D D D C2. 1-6 B C B B C A3. 1-3 A B B4. 1-3A B A 5. 1-3 B D B6. 1-3 B A D7. 1-3 A B A8. 1-5 D B B C D9. 1-4 B A D D10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B间接引语总结一、基本概念直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。