《中式英语之鉴》部分翻译
2015年高中英语中式英语之鉴提升翻译能力素材
中式英语之鉴01. 有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。
英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。
例：There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。
《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是：One man's meat is another man's poison，表达的很生动。
总之，应采取意译。
03.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。
[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.[正] He never says uncle.注：say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。
中式英语之鉴三
4、 周末许多人睡得很晚。
[误] Many people sleep late at weekends. [正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
注：英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分，它们分 别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或状态。sleep 是典 型的持续动词，而汉语的“睡”既可表示“上床睡 觉”的短暂动作，如：我昨天11点才睡；也可以表 示“在睡觉”的持续动作和状态，如：他睡了整整 10个小时。原文属于前一种情况，即表示“上床睡 觉”的短暂动作，故应该使用 go to bed。
2、 嘿，小伙子，千万别灰心。
Hey, lad, don't lose your heart. [正] Hey, lad, don't lose heart.
注： lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被... 俘虏去，爱上...”的意思， 而 lose heart 才表示“灰心丧气，丧失勇 气或信心”。
√
靠近原则,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越 靠近它所修饰的名词;当从这一点看不出区 别时，就靠词的长短来决定，短的在前， 长的在后。eg.皮影戏是中国古老的民间传
10.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主 义的现代化强国。
We will build our motherland into a s ocialist modern powerful country.
×
We will build our motherland into a m
odern powerful socialist country.
他认为毫无价值的那本书对我们来说却是无价之宝。
7、 我有一个舒适的家。
中式英语之鉴笔记
中式英语之鉴笔记以下是一份中式英语之鉴笔记：一、中式英语的表现1、用词不当：中式英语常常在用词上出现偏差，使用不地道的表达方式。
例如，“I am very happy to help you.”应该翻译为“我很高兴能帮助你。
”而不是“我非常开心可以帮助你。
”。
2、语法错误：中式英语在语法方面常常出现错误，比如使用动词的不当形式，或是在句子的结构上出现问题。
例如，“Yesterday I went to the park and I saw a beautiful sunset.”应该翻译为“昨天我去了公园，看到了美丽的日落。
”而不是“昨天我去了公园我看到了美丽的日落。
”。
3、表达方式生硬：中式英语的表达方式常常显得生硬，不够流畅自然。
例如，“I like this book. It is very interesting.”应该翻译为“我喜欢这本书，它很有趣。
”而不是“我喜欢这本书，它很有趣吗？”二、如何避免中式英语1、多读多听：多读英文原著和新闻报道，多听英语音频和视频，可以提高英语语感和表达能力。
2、学习语法：学习英语语法规则和句型结构，可以帮助你正确地使用英语。
3、写作练习：通过写作练习可以锻炼你的英语表达能力和思维能力。
4、请外教指导：请外教指导你的英语表达，指出你的问题所在，可以帮助你纠正中式英语的错误。
三、中式英语之鉴示例1、“I very like English.”(错误)正确翻译：“I like English very much.”(正确)2、“She is beautiful than me.”(错误)正确翻译：“She is more beautiful than me.”(正确)3、“I have two books in my hand.”(错误)正确翻译：“I have two books in my hands.”(正确)总之，要避免中式英语的出现，需要不断的学习和实践。
中式英语之鉴The English Learner's Guide to Chinglish
The English Learner`s Guide to ChinglishThe English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish 中式英语之鉴01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth ）；curse。
英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。
例：There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成：No dish suits all tastes. / You can never make everyone happy. / All things fit not allpersons. / Every man has his hobbyhorse[liking]. / Every man[one] to his(own) taste. / It is difficult to cater for[to] all tastes. / It is hard to suit all tastes. / No dishsuits all tastes. / Some persons like to eat radishes, others prefer cabbages--people's tastes are various. / There is no accounting for tastes. / There is no disputingabout tastes. 等。
chinglish中式英语之鉴P166167
Central-South China.
Analysis:
1.the word “China’s” in “China’s iron and steel industry ” is not necessary because we can understand it through the whole sentence;
5) We should actively expend the scale of
using foreign funds and introducing advanced technology. Analysis: “expend the scale of using… and introducing…” = “use… and introduce…”. (Pattern: unnec. verb + unnec. noun + third word).
8) Seeing that we had scored remarkable achievements in the transformation of the old
society, some people began to show a varying
degree of negligence (n. 疏忽；忽视；粗心大意 )
sectarianism ([sek'tεəriənizəm]n. 宗派主义；教派意识) in
handling personnel, so that specially trained talents are assigned to the units that deserlysis: “to correct this practice” is only the unnec. verb + noun form of “to eliminate”;
中式英语之鉴The English Learners Guide to Chinglish重点
中式英语之鉴The English Learners Guide to Chinglish本文关键字：中式英语之鉴The English Learners Guide to Chinglish如何避免中国式英语如何写地道的英文Sources:1.《中式英语》戴丹妮主编2.《翻译的技巧》钱歌川编著3.《汉英词语翻译漫话》陈忠诚著4.《现代英语用法词典》张道真编5.《汉译英一语多说300例》钱冠连编6.《英语惯用法大词典》王福祯徐达山主编7.《英语常见问题解答大词典》赵振才编著8.《实用英语正误词典》本词典编写组编9. Dictionary of American Slang---Compiled and Edited by Harold Wentworth and Stuart Berg Flexner部分精彩01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thoughtto bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。
英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。
例：There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。
中式英语
(Chapter 4, textbook)
《中式英语之鉴》The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish，Joan Pinkham编著, 姜桂华协助, 外 语教学与研究出版社, 2000
Part A: Unnecessary Words I. Unnecessary nouns and verbs II. Unnecessary modifiers III. Saying the same thing twice IV. Redundant twins Part B: Chapter 4 (textbook)
II. Unnecessary Modifiers
Unnecessary Adjectives (look for them) 1. Singapore will bar America’s popular female pop star Madonna from staging a show in its territory. Singapore will bar America’s pop star Madonna from staging a show in its territory. 2. The Chinese government took all possible eventualities into account when it made this policy decision × possible eventuality: all possible occurrences 3. Hundreds of transnational firms have started various businesses in China × various 4. Imports of foreign automobiles have declined sharply this year × foreign
中式英语之鉴2
7) I come into the age of twenty.（不常用）
8) I'm in my teens.（不常用）
in one's early teens（不常用）
在十三四岁年纪
not yet out of one's teens（不常用）
100. 我爷爷是奔75的人了。
[误] My grandpa is running for seventy-five.
[正] My grandpa is getting on for seventy-five.
注：run for 有“竞赛，竞选”之意，如：run for Congress（竞选国会议员），run for the presidency（竞选总统）等。而 get on for 才表示“接近”，它通常用进行时态，后面一般跟年龄或者时间，如：It's getting on for midnight（快到半夜了）等。
105. 我舅舅的胃病又犯了。
[误] My uncle has got another attack of stomach disease.
[正] My uncle has got another attack of stomach trouble.
注：英语同汉语一样，也有很多约定俗成的表达法。同样是“病”，心脏病可以说 heart disease，但胃病、肝病、眼病等就习惯说成 stomach/liver/eye trouble。
***(1). push thirty[forty,etc.]已经快到三[四...]十岁了：
She would like you to think so, but she's pushing thirty.
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误用平行结构弗雷特[p.212] 谈到“最致命的的问题就是想用匹配的结构却没用好”。
但同样致命的是对那些本来不匹配的成分使用匹配的结构。
以上两种情况都会给人一种毫无头绪的印象。
当把平行结构强加在那些逻辑上本不平行的成分中，其结果总会让人吃惊（例如，“Just like the Crowne Plaza, all rooms...”）。
有时，这种用法会故意产生幽默感。
乔森[p.9] 引用了这两个错误的平行结构“He took his hat and his leave”和“He bolted his door and his dinner”。
乔森暗示人们都是出于搞笑的意图才会写：“He keeps fit, sleep, and his word .”但是逻辑上不一致的问题常常是不经意产生的。
拉姆齐福勒和简·艾伦[p.354] 引用了一个误用的结构：The painting has subdued tone, great feeling, and a length of about three feet. 作者在这个毫无相似性的结构中无意间暗示了一种相似性。
克莱尔·库克[p.67] 给出以下这个引人深思的平行结构：The police found no alcohol in his bloodstream but a loaded gun in his car. 这一结构几乎没什么意义。
杰克斯·巴润和亨利·格拉芙，像弗雷特一样，坚持认为平行结构一旦开始使用就应贯穿始终，然而他们强调，这种结构如果一开始就不符合逻辑就不应使用。
杰克斯·巴润和亨利·格拉芙说：“平行结构是如此重要的一种写作工具以至于平行结构的使用必须是纯粹的，所以不要将平行形式用在迥然不同的观点中。
”如果你能记住以上这点建议，你就会避免拿破仑战争中那位法国退伍军人在叙述自己三次受伤经历时所犯的错误：Once in an ambush, once in the leg, and once in the Netherlands.对二十个例子的修改1）A：Economically, we are struggling for the democracy of distribution of food grain, reduction production.B：Economically, we are struggling to ensure the democratic distribution of grain,reduce rents and interest rates, increase wages, eliminate unemployment anddevelop production.句意为：从经济上说，我们正努力保证粮食的民主分配，减少租金和利率，增加工资，消除失业，发展生产。
[- 例句A中有三个名词和由并列连词“and”连接的两个动名词。
这种结合是非常尴尬的，尤其是因为动名词不能跟在动词后面（例如，“we are struggling for getting rid of ”就不是英语）。
-若将“for”改为to，那么所有的五个要素就转换成了不定式：“we are struggling to ensure ... reduce ...etc. ”这些更改不仅会产生一些可行的平行结构而且也能那三个动词和两个动名词。
（“Food”作为可有可无的形容词而被删除：it can be taken for granted that unless otherwise stated, grain is for human consumption.）]1)以下例句来自一张京剧表演票的背面：A：After renovation Hu Guang Guild Hall has been turned into Beijing Traditional Operas Museum, which is a cultural center withmultifunction such as opera performing, exhibition, shopping andrestaurant, etc.B：After renovation, the Hu Guang Guild Hall has been turned into Beijing Traditional Operas Museum, a multifunctional cultural centerincluding an opera hall, exhibition space, shops, restaurants, etc.句意为：湖广会馆在改造后已成为北京传统戏剧博物馆，这个多功能的文化中心有一个歌剧厅、展览区、商店、餐馆等。
[- 例句A中又有一系列由“and”连接的词，其中名词和动名词混合使用。
- 此外，前三个要素（“performing”，“exhibition”，“shopping”）都是代表活动的抽象词，而第四个词（“restaurant”）是表示地点的具体的词。
（如果最后一个词和前三个相似比如“dining”，那么动词和动名词的结合可能就容易接受了。
）在修改后的句子中，四个词全部被替换为具体名词来命名为不同的地方。
(回顾：“Beijing Traditional Operas Museum”被拼写为“Beijing Museum of Traditional Operas ”，这样就可以避免名词“Museum”前形容词和名词的堆砌)]3) A：The forces were greatly reduced in number because of persistent march underthe heat of the midsummer sun, fatigue, plus deaths and the wounded inbattles and deserters during the march.B：Their numbers were now greatly reduced because of battlefield casualties, desertions, and the exhaustion of constant marching under a blazingmidsummer sun.句意为：他们的人数大大减少了，因为战场上有伤亡、逃兵且在仲夏炎炎烈日之下持续行走让人精疲力尽。
[- 这次，如果我们将例句A中的过去分词“wounded”(cf. “the injured”“the unemployed,”etc. )看作名词，那么例句A就是完全由名词组成。
但是这些名词是没有可比性的。
- 前两个词—“march(ing)”和“fatigue”并不相似，因为第二个词不是独立的危害而是第一个词的结果。
- 最后的三个词—“death,”“the wounded,”“deserter”在逻辑上的顺序应该是“death”/“wounded”/“desertions”(损失的三种原因) 或者是“the dead”/ “the wounded”/“the deserters”(三种人)等等。
- B句中的“march”和“fatigue”组成一个短语，表示这两者之间的关系（“the exhaustion of constant marching”）。
“death”和“the wounded”折合为一个词（“casualties”）。
- 所列举的这些原因就这样从五个不一致的词缩减到三个相对一致的词：“casualties”，“desertions”，“exhaustion”]4)A：Most public grain has already been collected; standardized tax regulations, taxitems and tax rates have been promulgated; and because the mainland hasbeen liberated, tax receipts have been greater than last year.B：Most public grain has already been collected; standardized tax rates and regulations, and lists of taxable tax items have been promulgated; andbecause the mainland has been liberated, tax receipts have been greaterthan they were last year.句意为：大多数公粮已经收集；标准税率和法规及一系列应纳税项已颁布；因为内地已解放，因此税款收入已超过去年。
[- 在A句中，第二个从句中的三个主语都是又都是名词，但是顺序又不一样。
“Regulations”和“rates”是抽象名词，但应纳税的“iterms”(像盐或驾照之类的实物) 是具体名词，而且不像其他的两个词，不能被“promulgated”（比如，宣布或公告）。
B句中抽象词“lists”是用来解决这一问题的。
-（在最后一个从句中，“tax receipts”无意间和“last year”形成比较关系而非去年的纳税收据。
更正错误之后的句子如下：“tax receipts have been greater than they were last year.”）]5）A：But even so, it will be hard to prevent expenditure from exceeding revenue anda fall in revenue, and there may be such factors as a grain shortage thatwill contribute to price rise.B：But even so, it will be hard to prevent expenditure from exceeding revenue and keep revenue from falling, and other factors, such as a grain shortagemay also drive price up.句意为：但是即便如此，这将很难避免开支超过收入，且不让收入下降。