《循证医学》Review Manager 使用介绍
【Revman使用手册（图文版）：第一部分：建立综述】
【Revman使用手册（图文版）：第一部分：建立综述】
1.建立一个新的meta分析
双击安装好的RevMan，选择Standard模式，出现欢迎界面。
单击左上角的File，通过点击New，点击下一步，开始一项新的meta分析。
可以看到RevMan列出主要的5项功能，第一项为：干预性评价
Intervention review，第二项为：诊断试验评价Diagnostic test。
第三项为：方法学系统评价、第四项为：同类系统评价。
最后一项为：flexible review其他类型的系统评价包括：预后、质性、原型。
这里我们以第一项为例进行说明
选择：Intervention review 点击next。
选择相应的模块后，可以进行描述。
比如干预措施是什么，关心的疾病是什么，填写后点击next。
这里需要选择full review，点击下一步Finish
点击完成后，则可看到如下界面，分别为菜单栏、大纲窗口、内容窗口、指导窗口。
值得注意的是大纲窗口里的内容相当于是Cochran系统评价的各个段落标题，因此RevMan除帮助我们完成质量评价图及Meta分析图的制作，也可指导我们meta分析的撰写（点击图中的小钥匙可以展开下级菜单）。
Revman 讲义 教程
方积乾.医学统计学与电脑实验.第二版.上海科学技术出版社,2001,349-350.
传统文献综述的特点
在医学研究中，传统的文献综述在 处理同一问题的多个结果报道时， 通常是平等（等权重方法）对待每 个研究结果而得出结论。这种文献 综述主要是以某类结果的文献数量 的多少得出结论，一般不进行文献 评价，也不考虑文献的质量。
Glass最早在教育学研究中使用了 Meta分析，而该方法现已广泛应用 于医学和健康领域，尤其是针对疾 病的诊断、治疗、预防和病因等问 题的综合评价。
上世纪80年代末，我国医学杂 志较多的介绍了该方法。其中 文译名有荟萃分析，二次分 析、汇总分析、集成分析等。
无论何种中文译名都有不足之 处。因此，很多学者建议仍然 使用“Meta分析”这一名称。
目前，随机效应模型多采用D-L法 （DerSimonian & Laird法）。
关于随机效应模型（2）
D-L法是1986年，由DerSimonian 和Laird首先提出，该法不仅可用 于分类变量，也适用于数值变量。 其D-计L法算主方要法是见对后权：重Wi进行校正，
随机效应模型的计算
随机效应模型的合并统计量计算：
统计学异质性
通常，将Meta分析的统计学异质性简称为 “异质性”，它是以各研究之间可信区间 （CI）的重合程度来度量异质性的大小；
多个研究间的CI重合程度越大，存在统计学 异质性的可能性就越小，反之，各研究之间 存在统计学异质性的可能性就越大。
临床异质性、方法学异质性和统计学异质性 三者是相互独立又相互关联的，临床或方法 学上的异质，不一定在统计学上就有异质 性，反之亦然。
异质性分析的意义
Meta 分析的核心计算是合并（相 加），按统计原理，只有同质的资 料才能进行合并或比较等统计分 析，反之，则不能。
Review Manager操作技术
• 二分类变量资料常用的分析方法有：方差倒数权重法 Inverse variance、M-H法(Mantel-Haenszel)、Peto法、D-L法 （DerSimonian-Laird）
• 输入系统评价的标题 • 以针刺治疗慢性前列腺炎随机对照临床研究为例，在此输 入： • 适合Meta分析的题材：Meta分析最适用于针对同一主题的 RCT文献，这类文献的综合分析结果较为可靠，单个文献 的质量直接决定了Meta分析的价值。
• 选择系统评价的类型 • Full review全文，Protocol草案
•
•
• •
Dichotomous二分类变量（定性资料），录入时需要输入各组发生该事 件或结局的人数与各组的总人数。 Continuous连续性变量（定量资料），录入时需要输入各组的例数，结 局指标的均数及标准差。 O-E and variance期望方差法资料，罕见情况下涉及。 Generic inverse variance倒方差法资料，罕见情况下涉及。
• 点击Finish,弹出如下界面：
• 添加纳入研究 • 点击大纲面板中Studies and reference (研究和参考文献)旁边 钥匙图标，再次点击References to studies（研究的参考文献） 旁的钥匙图标，在Included Studies（纳入的研究）点击鼠标 右键，选择Add study（添加研究）。
• 添加比较： • 在Data and analysises上点击鼠标右键，选择Add comparison • 在弹出的对Add an outcome under the new comparion,点击Continue
• 选择数据类型：
Review Manager 操作技术
系统评价与meta分析之-Review manager-Revman软件使用-水天之间 - DXY
水天之间
RevMan实战—纳入研究风险偏倚及图形
• 表格（Risk of bias table）更改条目：
水天之间
为结局指标添加纳入研究的对话框
水天之间
7
水天之间
RevMan实战—二分类变量meta
2014/1/3 Friday
RevMan实战—二分类变量meta
水天之间
翻转结局标注
水天之间
RevMan实战—二分类变量meta
RevMan实战—二分类变量meta
保存森林图操作
水天之间
二分类数据分析状态下，计算器的计算界面及结果
RevMan实战—“比较”和“结局指标”
RevMan实战—“比较”和“结局指标”
新加结局指标数据类型选择框
水天之间
6
新加结局指标名称及组标签
水天之间
RevMan实战—“比较”和“结局指标”
2014/1/3 Friday
RevMan实战—“比较”和“结局指标”
分析方法选择框
水天之间
分析细节对话框
水天之间
• “Data and analyses”部分为Revman软件 meta分析功能的核心也是重点，在数据分 析下，有三个水平：
1. Comparison； 2. Outcome； 3. Subgroup。
水天之间
RevMan实战—“比较”和“结局指标”
• 增加Comparison同样有两种方法： • 1.鼠标左键点击大纲面板的“Data and
Review Manager操作技术
• 某中学发生一起因饮水引起的甲型肝炎爆发，经调查发现， 该校部分学生有生饮自来水的习惯，34名甲肝患者中有22 人生饮自来水；而1449名健康学生中，生饮自来水的有255 人，试估计该中学甲肝发病与生饮自来水的比值比。 • 比值比OR=病例组暴露的比值/对照组暴露的比值=（22/12） /(255/1194)=8.58 • 说明说明甲肝患者生饮自来水与未生饮自来水比值是健康 学生的8.58倍。
• 添加研究识别码： • 如果经过注册的临床试验有唯一的注册码。 • 这里我们不填加，继续点击Next
• 继续添加下一个研究，选择Add another study in the same section • 点击Continue,依照上述方法，继续将剩余三项研究添加进 去。
• 将四项研究全部添加完成后，可以看到在Included stydies里 显示出了已经添加的研究：
方差倒数权重法、 M-H法、Peto法 D-L法 一般方差法、M-H 法 D-L法 方差倒数权重法 D-L法
• 结果输出选项 • Totals中可以选择显示组和亚组或亚组或不显示组和亚组。 • Study confidence interval（研究置信区间）可设定计算纳入研 究效应量的90%、95%、和99%的置信区间。 • Total confidence interval（总体置信区间）可设定计算总体效 应量的90%、95%、和99%的置信区间。
Review Manager 软件分析结果解释
• 菱形 代表合并效应量，菱形的重心是合并效应的点估 计值，宽是合并效应量的置信区间。 • 需要注意：无论是二分类变量的指标OR\RR，还是连续性 变量的指标WMD\SMD，若置信区间落在无效线的右侧，则 表示试验组的效应量大于对照组。若某研究的置信区间落 在无效线的左侧，则表示试验组的效应量小于对照组。 • 例如：本例中合并效应量落在无效线的右侧，表明试验组 的效应量（针刺治疗前列腺炎的有效率）大于对照组的效 应量（药物治疗前列腺炎的有效率），又因为研究为“有 利事件”，所以表明试验组的实验因素会增加有利事件的 发生。
Review Manager 5.2诊断性试验系统评价手册
Review Manager 5.2 Tutorialfor Diagnostic test accuracy reviewsSeptember 2012Welcome to the RevMan Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) Tutorial. This tutorial is designed to give Cochrane review authors an introduction to the process of writing a Cochrane systematic review of the accuracy of diagnostic tests using RevMan.The tutorial does not provide all the information necessary to write a Cochrane DTA review, and does not address other types of Cochrane systematic reviews such as reviews of intervention studies or overviews of reviews. For detailed instructions on how to conduct a Cochrane DTA review, please refer to the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews, available from the following website.Later parts of this tutorial rely on activities completed in the earlier sections, so we recommend you start working from the beginning. If you would like to skip ahead, click on the section you would like to read in the Contents list. The approximate time needed to complete this tutorial will be about three to four hours.If you have technical questions regarding RevMan software, please contact the Cochrane Information Management System team at /revman. Other questions related to preparing protocols or reviews in RevMan should be directed to the relevant Cochrane Review Group.About this tutorialThe tutorial for Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy reviews in RevMan 5 was developed by Mariska Leeflang in 2010, with assistance from the Australasian Cochrane Centre and the UK and Continental European Support Unit for diagnostic test accuracy reviews, and with funding from The Cochrane Collaboration Steering Group. The tutorial was revised in February 2011 to incorporate new features of RevMan 5.1 and in September 2012 for new features of RevMan 5.2. Please note that the results reported in this tutorial are fictional and were created by the authors for teaching purposes only. Note about using mouse right-clicksMany of the functions in RevMan that involve selecting a button on the outline pane toolbar can also be achieved by right-clicking the sub-headings in the outline pane and selecting the function from the drop-down list.PART 1 – Getting started (5)Opening your review (5)Setting up user details (6)The RevMan 5.2 interface (6)Saving a review (8)Adding authors to a review (8)Accessing the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews (9)PART 2 – Working with text (11)Adding text to a review (11)Formatting text (11)Making changes to headings (11)Adding notes (12)Tracking changes in the text (12)Checking your spelling (13)PART 3 – Adding studies and references (15)Adding studies to a review (15)Adding references to a study (15)Editing an existing reference (17)Importing references from a text file (18)Moving references (18)Adding links to references in the text (19)Removing a link (20)Adding multiple links automatically (20)PART 4 - Tables (21)Characteristics of included studies tables (21)Patient selection (21)Index Test, Reference Standard, and Flow and Timing (22)Editing the Characteristics of included studies table (22)Adding user-defined items (23)Characteristics of excluded studies (24)Adding Footnotes to tables (25)Additional tables (25)PART 5 - Data and analyses (27)Adding tests (27)Entering data by test (28)Entering data using the calculator (29)Entering data by study (30)Assessment of methodological quality for two tests (32)Covariates (33)Analyses (35)a. Changing Forest Plot properties (36)b. Changing SROC Graph properties (37)c. Entering Externally Calculated Parameters (38)Test Comparisons (38)Paired Test Comparisons (40)Investigating heterogeneity (41)Adding a figure to your review (42)Risk of bias and applicability concerns graph and summary (43)PART 6 – Finishing the review (44)Summary of Findings tables (44)Adding an appendix (44)Validating a review (44)Submitting a review for editorial approval (45)Appendix – To convert to QUADAS-2 from QUADAS (46)PART 1 – Getting startedOpening your reviewAll Cochrane reviews are stored in Archie, The Cochrane Collaboration’s central server for managing documents and contacts details. When you have registered a review with a Cochrane Review Group, they will set up a user account for you in Archie. To work on your review, you will need to find your review online in Archie and check it out into RevMan using the My Reviews button on the toolbar. Doing this opens a new window which provides information on the location of your reviews and what the next task for your review is. In this window you can check a review outby selecting the title and pressing the Check Out button.Before going ahead it is important to make sure that RevMan is currently in‘Standard’ mode rather than ‘Non-Cochrane’ mode. ‘Non-Cochrane’ mode is a preference that allows users to specify that they are using RevMan to author reviews that will not be published in The Cochrane Library. In ‘Non-Cochrane’ mode, all Cochrane-specific functions like check in/out and connection settings to Archie are absent from the interface. To complete this tutorial you need to be in ‘Standard’ RevMan mode.1.From Tools menu on the toolbar, select Preferences which will open thePreferences window.2.Under User mode on the General tab, confirm that the Non-Cochrane modeoption is NOT checked.3.If the Non-Cochrane mode option is checked, uncheck it and press OK. Awarning will appear indicating that “Not all changes may take effect until you restart the program”. Click OK, and Exit out of RevMan and restart it.4.If the Non-Cochrane mode option is NOT checked, simply click OK.For this tutorial we will use a sample review called ‘Laboratory tests for caffeine addiction in PhD students’. Instead of checking the review out of Archie, it has been provided as an additional file with RevMan 5.2.1.From the File menu, select Open, or click the Open button on the toolbar.2.Find the folder where RevMan was installed on your computer. If you areusing Windows and accepted the default installation location, this will beC:\\Program Files\Review Manager 5. If you are using Mac OS or Linux, thetutorial files are copied to a subfolder of your home directory named‘RevMan tutorial’.3.Open the doc folder, and then the tutorial folder.4.Select the file ‘Laboratory tests for caffeine addiction in PhD students.rm5’.5.Click Open.button on the toolbar. Be aware that if you create a review yourself, you cannot check it into Archie or use it for publication inSetting up user detailsIf you will be using RevMan regularly on the same computer, you may wish to enter your user details (such as your name). RevMan will attach these user details to any editing done using track changes so that co-authors and editors can easily identify who has made the changes. Open your user details by selecting Preferences from the Tools menu. Enter your name directly or click Choose to find your details in Archie.The RevMan 5.2 interfaceWhen a review is open in RevMan 5.2, you will see there are two separate window panes that interact with each other as you navigate through the different sections of a review. The pane on the left hand side shows the outline of a review. This is referred to as the outline pane. The area on the right hand side shows all the information contained in a review. This is referred to as the content pane. The content pane will usually show the text of your review, but can also contain additional tabs for results, figures, etc.In the outline pane, you can use the key icon next to each heading to expand and collapse subheadings. In the content pane, use the symbol.RevMan allows you to change the appearance of the interface by selecting Preferences from the Tools menu and going to the Interface tab. The default Look and Feel of the interface is Metal. All screen captures presented in this tutorial display the Metal look and feel. It is also possible to set language and spelling options in the Preferences window.By default, your new review is at the protocol stage, indicating that you are planning the methods for a review. Sections of a review that are not required at the protocol stage (but will be needed later for your completed review) appear as inactive (light grey) in both the outline pane and the content pane.or review icon at the topWhen you undertake a Cochrane review, the protocol must be completed and submitted for publication before moving on to the review stage. For this tutorial, to convert the file from the protocol stage to review stage, use the following directions:1.Click the Properties button in the top-right of the content pane.2.In the Properties window, select the General tab.3.Note the automatically generated Version Number – this number will changeeach time the review is checked into Archie. Note that you do not need aseparate Review Number unless your Review Group provides one.4.Enter the Version Description ‘First draft’. When choosing a versiondescription, make sure it is brief and clearly indicates what’s different aboutthis draft, e.g. ‘Edited by [your initials]’ or ‘Methods section complete’.5.For the Stage, select Full Review.6.Click OK. Note that all of the section headings of the review are nowactivated for inclusion (there are no light grey section headings).Saving a reviewWhen you have finished working on a review from Archie, we recommend that you always save the review by checking it back into Archie using the Check In button on the toolbar. This ensures the most recent version of your review is safely stored and can always be accessed from Archie by your co-authors and editors.We recommend that you do not keep saved reviews on your computer, to avoid confusion with different versions. Be careful not to use a version of your review from your computer if a more recent version is available in Archie. If for some reason you do need to save a review to your computer, such as this tutorial review which is notfrom Archie, go to the File menu and select Save As, or click the Save button on the toolbar. You can open a saved review by going to the File menu and selecting Open, or clicking the Open button on the toolbar.RevMan also creates automatic backups of your review. See the Help menu for information on retrieving a backup file.Adding authors to a reviewFor a real review, your Review Group will add your name as an author of the review when they create the file, along with any known co-authors. You may wish to add additional authors later.There are two ways to add authors to a review:•Add an author based on their record in Archie – this option allows you to add authors who are already listed in the Archie database. You will need tohave internet access and an Archie user account for this option.•Add a local record (name only) that can be linked to Archie later – this option allows you to add authors that are not yet listed in Archie.1.In the content pane, click the icon next to the Review information headingto show further subheadings.2.Click the icon to open the Authors section. Note that three authors havealready been added to this review.3.In the outline pane, click the key icon next to Review information.4.Select the Authors heading.5.Click the Add Author button on the outline pane toolbar to open the NewAuthor Wizard.6.Select Add a local record (name only) that can be linked to Archie later. ClickNext.7.Enter your name in the First Name and Family Name fields.8.Click Finish. You will now see your name listed next to the other authors ofthe review. Note that no affiliation is available for your name. Affiliations canonly be added from records in Archie.Under the author details in both the outline and content panes you will note that a Contact person can be specified for the review. By default, this is the first author, but another person (who may or may not be an author of the review) can benominated by selecting the Contact person heading in the outline pane and clickingthe Edit Contact Person button on the outline pane toolbar. The contact personmust be listed in Archie.Accessing the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy ReviewsFor detailed instructions on what to report in each section of your review, you canrefer to the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews. This can beaccessed from the Help menu, or by clicking the Handbook button in the topright-hand corner of the content pane, which will open a new window that will allowyou to browse through all sections of the Handbook. A particular section of the Handbook can be opened in the new window depending on which section of the Main text you are working on.1.In the outline pane, if it is not already expanded, click the key icon next tothe Main text heading.2.Click on the word Abstract.3.In the content pane, click the Handbook button (or right click and selectHandbook). Note that the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews window has opened at the section with guidance on what to write in the abstract of the review.4.Close the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviewswindow.PART 2 – Working with textAdding text to a reviewText can be copied and pasted from a word processor document, imported as an html file or typed directly into RevMan.1.In the content pane, if it is not already expanded, click the icon next to theBackground heading.2.Click the icon next to the Target condition being diagnosed heading. Ablank line will open under the heading.3.Click to place the cursor in the blank line and type “Caffeine addiction is acommon problem that affects productivity of PhD students, mainly due totoo much talking at the coffee machine.”Formatting textRevMan text formatting options are available from the toolbar, including bold , italics , underline , superscript , subscript , and highlighting text similar to most other word processing software. You cannot change the font or type size, as these are standard for all Cochrane reviews.The Insert Symbol button allows you to insert symbols into the text of the review, including in tables and author names. You can also insert a non-breaking space. RevMan also allows bulleted and numbered lists , including multi-level lists. Making changes to headingsRevMan includes the standard headings for a complete Cochrane review, but new headings can be added and some standard headings can be deactivated.1.In the outline pane, click the key icon next to Main text to reveal thesubheadings.2.Click the key icon next to Background.3.Click the key icon next to Clinical pathway.4.Any heading with the icon is optional and can be deactivated. Right-clickthe Alternative tests subheading and select Deactivate Heading(alternatively, select the heading Alternative test(s) then click the buttonon the outline pane toolbar and select Deactivate Heading from the dropdown menu).5.Note that the heading appears deactivated (light grey) in the outline paneand the text of the heading has been removed from the content pane.6.In the content pane, click to place the cursor at the end of the text in theTarget condition being diagnosed section and press Enter to create a newline.7.On the toolbar, you will see a drop-down box showing the text style currentlyin use. By default, text is in the Normal style. Click the drop-down arrow andselect Heading 3.8.Type the text ‘Reference standard’. Note that formatting of Heading 3 is boldand italics.9.Press Enter again. Note that the new blank line is in the Normal style again. Adding notesYou can add notes to assist in drafting the review. These notes will not appear in the published version of the review.1.In the content pane, make sure the cursor is still in the Background section.2.Click the Notes button on the outline pane toolbar (NOT the Notes buttonin the content pane). This will open the Notes window.3.Enter a note, ‘This text needs revision.’ You will see the user details youentered in the Preferences window at the beginning of the tutorial appearsat the bottom of the Notes window.4.Click the Close button to save the note and close the window.5. A yellow Note icon appears next to the relevant heading in both thecontent pane and outline pane.6.To see all the notes for a review while you are working, go to the View menuand select Notes. A separate window pane will appear below the contentpane showing the notes for each section.7.In the content pane, click to place the cursor back in the Background section.The notes area will automatically display the note you have entered in thatsection.8.Click the icon at the top left of the notes area to minimise it, or go to theView menu and select Notes to close the notes pane.9.In the content pane, click the Note icon to open the Notes window again.10.Click Delete to delete the note.Tracking changes in the textRevMan has a Track Changes system to help you manage editing in the text.1.From the Tools menu, select Track Changes, or click the Track Changesbutton on the toolbar. Note that the Track Changes button is now activated.2.In the content pane, go to the Background section and replace the word‘problem’ with the word ‘condition’. The old text will appear in red with a line through it, and the new text will appear in green.3.In the same section of the review, change the word ‘at’ to ‘by’. Leave thecursor in the text after your changes.4.From the Tools menu, select Accept or Reject Changes. This will open theAccept or Reject Changes window.5.In the window you just opened, click the Find button with the arrow pointingleft to search backwards toward the beginning of your document.6.The first change found will be the word ‘function’. The word will behighlighted in the content pane. You may need to move the Accept or Reject Changes window out of the way to see the highlighted section of text. ClickAccept to accept the change.7.RevMan will automatically find the next change and highlight the relevanttext. Click Accept again to accept the deletion of the word ‘at’.8.Reject the rest of the changes you made by clicking the Reject All button.9.Click OK.10.In the content pane, change the word ‘problem’ to ‘condition’ again.11.Hover the mouse pointer over the change. A popup message will appearshowing the user details and when the change was made.12.Right-click each change (both the added word and deleted word) and selectAccept Change.13.Turn off the Track Changes feature by clicking the Track Changes buttonon the toolbar.Checking your spellingRevMan can either check your spelling as you type, or check all the spelling in your review at the one time.1.From the Tools menu, select Preferences.2.Select the Spell Checking tab.3.Select which dictionaries you would like RevMan to use, including UK, US orCanadian English. You can select more than one dictionary if you wish.4.Click OK.5.In the content pane, create a spelling mistake by deleting an ‘m’ from theword ‘common’.6.Open the Tools menu and select the Check Spelling option. This will open theCheck Spelling window.7.Depending where your cursor was placed, RevMan may ask whether you wishto continue checking from the beginning of the document. Click Yes.8.RevMan will highlight the spelling mistake and suggest ‘common’ as thecorrect spelling. Click Change.9. A notice will appear to say that the spell check is complete. Click OK.10.Click OK again to close the Check Spelling window.11.To check spelling continuously while you type, go to the Tools menu andselect Check Spelling as You Type, or click the Check Spelling as You Type button on the toolbar.12.Delete the ‘m’ from ‘common’ again, and click to place the cursor elsewherein the text. The spelling mistake will be underlined in red.13.To correct the word, right-click it and select the correct spelling from theoptions available.PART 3 – Adding studies and referencesThere are two kinds of references that can be added to a review:•References to studies – these are references to studies that have been either included or excluded from your review. A study can have more than onereference, for example if there has been more than one published paper, or if you have received additional information from the study author.•Other references – these are any other source you would like to cite in your review, such as background articles, methodological references, software,etc.Adding studies to a reviewWhen you are ready to add included and excluded studies to your review, you will need to create a Study ID for each study, and then add the associated references. For Cochrane reviews, the Study ID is usually the name of the lead author of the main published paper and the year of publication. If you have more than one reference with the same name and year, you can add a letter to the year to differentiate them(e.g. Egberts 2001a, Egberts 2001b).1.In the outline pane, click the key icon next to Studies and references.2.Click the key icon next to the Reference to studies section. You will seethat there are already some studies included.3.Select Included studies and click the Add Study button on the outlinepane toolbar. This will open the New Study Wizard.4.Enter the Study ID ‘Dorlas 2006’ and click Next.5.From the Data source drop-down list, choose Published and unpublisheddata. Click Next.6.The year the study was conducted will appear by default as ‘2006’. Click Next.7.If your study has an ID number, such as a document ID, you can enter it hereby clicking the Add Identifier button, selecting an ID type from the drop-down list, and entering the ID.8.Click Next.9.Select Add another study in the same section and click Finish.10.Repeat steps 4-9 and add the following studies to the tutorial review:Egberts 2001Levelt 2007Smit 200611.When you have added the details for the last study, instead of step 9, selectNothing and click Finish.12.In the outline pane, click the key symbol next to Included Studies to seethe new studies listed.Adding references to a study1.In the outline pane, select the Dorlas 2006 study.2.Click the Add Reference button on the outline pane toolbar. This will openthe New Reference Wizard.3.By default, the Reference Type is set to Journal article (click the drop-downlist to see the other options available). Click Next.4.Enter the following details in the form provided (note that fields appearing inbold are mandatory):Authors: Dorlas S, Egberts DEnglish title: Questionnaires to measure caffeine addictionJournal/book/source: Journal of Addictive ResearchDate of publication: 2006Volume: 15Issue: 4Pages: 567-715.Click Next. As for a study, you will have the option to add an ID number forthe reference, such as a MEDLINE reference number.6.Click Finish. The reference will now appear in the content pane. In the outlinepane, click the key symbol next to Dorlas 2006 to see the new reference listed.Editing an existing reference1.In the outline pane, double-click the reference listed under the Dorlas 2006study (or right-click and select Edit Reference).This will open a new tab in the content pane showing all the details you entered.2.Open the Reference Type drop-down box and change the type from ‘Journalarticle’ to ‘Book’. Note that the fields have changed and some rows are nowshaded. Shaded rows will not appear in your published review.3.Change the reference information to the following (you need to scroll downto see some of these fields):Authors: Dorlas S, Egberts DJournal/book/source: Measuring caffeine addictionDate of publication: 2006Publisher Name: Grinder PressCity of publication: London4.At the bottom of the reference tab, note that the reference is displayed as itwill appear in the published review. Note that this display changes as youmake the changes to the reference. Check that the reference appearscorrectly.5.Go to the tab header and click the button next to the first author’s name toclose the reference tab (do not click the button at the top right corner asthis will close the review).Importing references from a text fileIf you have already entered your references in another program, you can avoid typing them in again by importing them from a text file. A sample text file has been provided with RevMan 5 for this tutorial.1.Go to the File menu and select Import, then References. This will open theImport References Wizard.2.Click Next.3.RevMan should automatically open the same folder we used to open thesample review: c:\\program files\review manager 5\doc\tutorial. Select the file ‘DTA Study References.txt’ and click Open.4.You will see a preview of the text file. Click Next.5.By default, RevMan Format is selected as the format of the text file (otheroptions include RIS or PubMed MEDLINE formats). Click Next.6.By default, RevMan will save references to the Classification pendingreferences section, under Other References in the outline pane. Referencesin this section will not appear in the published review (for this reason theyare shown in grey). Click Next.7.If you wish, you can assign different locations for each individual reference,or exclude specific references from the text file while importing the rest. Forthis tutorial, leave the settings as they are and click Finish.8.RevMan will report that 8 references have been imported. Click OK.9.In the outline pane, use the key icons to open the Other references sectionand then the Classification pending references section. You will see thereferences you imported.Moving referencesThere are several ways to move references to the appropriate study.1.In the outline pane, in the Classification pending references section, selectthe reference Egberts 2001.2.From the Edit menu, select Cut or click the Cut button on the toolbar.e the key icons to open the Included studies section, and open theEgberts 2001 study. An [Empty] reference has been added here. To add areference manually, you can edit the empty reference using the instructionsin the previous section.4.Select the Egberts 2001 study.5.From the Edit menu, select Paste, or click the Paste button on the toolbar.6.The reference will be deleted from the Classification pending referencessection and added to the Egberts 2001 study. Note that the [Empty]reference has gone.7.Go to Classification pending references and right-click Gunnink 2003.8.Select Move to, then Included studies. As there was no study with a namematching the reference, RevMan will automatically create a new study in the Included studies section with the ID Gunnink 2003.9.Go to the Classification pending references section and select Kanis 2007.10.Click and drag the reference to the Kanis 2007 study.11.Repeat steps 1 to 6 and 10 to move the remaining references to thecorresponding studies.12.In the outline pane, click the key icons to open the Included studiessection, and then open the Egberts 2001 study.13.Select the first reference and double-click to open the reference tab.14.In the content pane, check the This is the primary reference for the studybox.15.In the outline pane, note that the book icon beside the primary referenceappears in black , and the icons beside the other references are grey . Adding links to references in the textRather than typing citations in the text or including footnotes, RevMan allows you to include active hyperlinks to references in the text of your review.1.In the content pane, scroll up to find the Target condition being diagnosedsection.2.Click to place the cursor after the word ‘machine’.3.From the Format menu, select Insert Link, or click the Insert Link buttonon the toolbar. This will open the Insert Link window.4.From the list, select the study Gunnink 2003. Note that you can use this samemethod to link to included and excluded studies, figures, tables, sections ofthe review text and external web links.5.Click OK. You will see a blue hyperlink to the reference appear in the text.This link will be active after the review is published in The Cochrane Library.6.Add a space before the link and parentheses ( ) before and after the link, sothat it appears as “…the coffee machine (Gunnink 2003).”。
Review Manager4.2 讲义
Review Manager (RevMan)——临床医生通向Meta分析的桥梁Review Manager (RevMan)——a Bridge leading the Clinicians to Meta Analysisiseeyou1989年蒂姆成功开发出世界上第一个Web服务器和第一台Web 客户机并将他的发明命名为World wide web，由此引发了一场新的信息革命和经济革命；1972年Archie Cochrane 首次提出循证医学的思想并将系统评价的方法应用于产科领域，从而开创了一场翻天覆地的医学革命。
Meta分析正是循证医学合理配置资源和提高资源有限使用效率最有效的工具[1]。
1 Meta分析简介Meta分析的前身源于Fisher1920年“合并P值”的思想，1955年由Beecher首次提出初步的概念，1976年心理学家Glass进一步按照其思想发展为“合并统计量”，称之为Meta 分析[2]。
1979年英国临床流行病学家Archie Cochrane提出系统评价（systematic review，SR）的概念，并发表了激素治疗早产孕妇降低新生儿死亡率随机对照试验的系统评价，对循证医学的发展起了举足轻重的作用。
Meta分析国内翻译为“荟萃分析”，定义是“The statistical analysis of large collection of analysis results from individual studies for the purpose of integrating the findings.”亦即“对具备特定条件的、同课题的诸多研究结果进行综合的一类统计方法。
”[3,4] Meta 从字源来说据考证有“ Meta logic：a branch of analytic philosophy that deals with the critical examination of the basic concepts of logic ”；“ Meta mathematics：the philosophy of mathematics， especially，the logical syntax of mathematics.”其中最简洁并且一语中的的是“ Meta science:：a theory or science of science，a theory concerned with the investigation, analysis, or description of theory itself.”意为一种科学中的科学或理论，一种对原理本身进行调查、分析和描述的原理。
RevMan5使用指南-中文版
RevMan5.0使用指南前言欢迎使用RevMan指南.这个指南指导Cochrane综述作者提供如何使用RevMan完成健康干预措施的系统综述.这个指南没有提供写一篇Cochrane综述所需的所有信息，也没有探讨其他类型研究的系统综述,如诊断精确性试验（diagnostic test accuracy studies）和综述的评价(overviews of reviews）.获取如何写一篇干预措施的Cochrane系统综述的更多信息，请参考RevMan帮助（Help）菜单下的“Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions”.该使用指南的后面章节的内容是建立在前面章节基础上的，所以最好从开始看起。
如果你不想看前面章节，在目录里点击你要看的章节。
如果有关于RevMan软件的技术问题，请在www。
cc—ims。
net/RevMan联系Cochrane 信息管理系统小组（Cochrane Information Management System team）.其他关于RevMan准备方案或综述的问题,请联系有关的Cochrane评价小组（Cochrane Review Group）。
注意：该使用指南中报告的结果是假设的,数据由作者杜撰。
查询目前有关一个干预措施效果的信息，请登录www。
第一章开始综述第一节打开你的综述第二节设置用户信息第三节RevMan 5 界面第四节保存综述第五节添加综述的作者第一节打开你的综述所有的Cochrane综述都存在Cochrane协作组的网上数据库—-Archie中。
当你注册成为某个Cochrane综述小组（Cochrane Review Group）成员时，你会获得登录Archie的账户。
为了开始你的综述，你需要在Archie数据库中找到你的综述，下载在RevMan中使用，完成后再点击工具栏上的“Check Out”按钮上传综述。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
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Evidence-based Medicine
长 治 医 学 院 预 防 医 学 教 研 室
阿司匹林治疗心肌梗死疗效的meta分析-数据分析
Evidence-based Medicine
长 治 医 学 院 预 防 医 学 教 研 室
阿司匹林治疗心肌梗死疗效的meta分析-数据分析
Evidence-based Medicine
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Evidence-based Medicine
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Revman5.0 操作界面
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Revman 界面—建立系统评价向导
点击”file”—”New”命 令
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Meta分析实例
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Review of Aspirin for myocardial infarction.
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Revman5.0 下载与安装
下载地址:
/cochrane/download.htm
Evidence-based Medicine
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依次输入study2、study3、study4、 study5的信息
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Review infomation
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系统评价 基本信息
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main text
输入研究背景内容
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系统评价正文
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Review manager5.0介绍 (Revman5.0)
长 治 医 学 院 预 防 医 学 教 研 室
Revman 介绍
RevMan软件是国际Cochrane协作网制作和保存 Cochrane系统评价的一个程序。由北欧Cochrane中心制 作和更新。 协作网的系统评价人员均使用RevMan软件制作系统 评价。 主要特点: 可以制作和保存Cochrane系统评价的计划书和全文； 可对录入的数据进行Meta分析并以森林图（forest plot）的分析结果以图表形式展示； 可对Cochrane系统评价进行更新； 可以根据读者的反馈意见不断修改和完善
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Finish
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统计分析 方法
模型选择
效应量选择
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阿司匹林治疗心肌梗死疗效的meta分析-研究特征
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Evidence-based Medividence-based Medicine
Title、Review infomation、 main text、tables、studies and references、data and analyses、figures、sources of support、feedback、 appendices.
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分析表格
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studies and references
点击添加
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检索到的研 究文献
阿司匹林治疗心肌梗死疗效的meta分析-比较内容
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也可在此右键 点击添加
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阿司匹林治疗心肌梗死疗效的meta分析-分析结果
漏斗图
Evidence-based Medicine
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