国内外汽车发动机技术比较论文1
关于汽车发动机的毕业论文
关于汽车发动机的毕业论文汽车发动机是现代交通工具的核心部件之一，它的性能和可靠性直接影响着汽车的驾驶体验和行驶安全。
在本篇论文中，我们将深入探讨汽车发动机的原理、发展历程以及未来的发展趋势。
第一部分：汽车发动机的原理汽车发动机主要由燃烧室、气缸、活塞、曲轴等部件组成。
其工作原理是通过内燃机的方式将燃油和空气混合后，在发动机内部进行燃烧，产生高温高压的气体，从而驱动活塞运动，最终将化学能转化为机械能。
在燃油的选择上，汽车发动机目前主要使用的是汽油和柴油。
汽油发动机通过点火系统将混合气体点燃，而柴油发动机则通过压燃方式实现燃烧。
两种发动机在燃烧方式、动力输出和燃油效率上存在差异，各有优劣。
第二部分：汽车发动机的发展历程汽车发动机的发展历程可以追溯到19世纪末的蒸汽机时代。
随着内燃机的诞生和不断改进，汽车发动机逐渐成为主流。
从最早的单缸发动机到如今的多缸发动机，从机械燃油喷射到电子控制燃油喷射，发动机的技术不断创新和进步。
在发动机的发展过程中，提高燃油效率和减少排放成为重要的发展方向。
节能减排的要求推动了发动机技术的升级换代，例如采用涡轮增压技术、缸内直喷技术和混合动力技术等，以提高发动机的动力性能和燃油经济性。
第三部分：汽车发动机的未来发展趋势随着环境保护意识的增强和新能源技术的不断成熟，汽车发动机的未来发展趋势将呈现出多元化的态势。
一方面，电动汽车的崛起将对传统发动机提出更高的要求，例如发动机的轻量化、高效化和低排放。
另一方面，氢燃料电池技术的发展也为汽车发动机的未来提供了新的可能性。
此外，人工智能技术的应用也将对汽车发动机的发展产生深远影响。
智能化的发动机管理系统可以实时监测和调节发动机的工作状态，以提高燃烧效率和减少能量损失。
同时，自动驾驶技术的发展也将对发动机的设计和布局提出新的要求，以适应未来汽车的智能化和自动化发展趋势。
结论：汽车发动机作为汽车的“心脏”，其性能和可靠性对整个汽车的运行起着至关重要的作用。
国内外汽车发动机的技术现状及发展趋势-毕业论文外文文献翻译
Domestic and foreign automobile engine technology statusand development trendFrom the invention of the internal combustion engine development to one hundred years later, the relevant technical innovation and mature. However, the internal combustion engine as vehicle power still faces many problems, mainly thermal efficiency is not high enough (especially gasoline), relies diminishing oil resources, atmospheric pollution emissions, and difficulty concentrating governance. Therefore, the advanced engine technology in the automotive energy-saving, environmental protection, technological development plays a key decisive role.First, the diesel engine's status and development trend1.1 diesel engine performance characteristics1) there is a high energy density (large low-speed supercharged diesel engine thermal efficiency over 50%), low fuel consumption, which saves energy and improve economic efficiency are important.2) good fuel economy;3) less greenhouse gas emissions, the CO2 emissions than its gasoline low around 30-35%, but the exhaust gases contain harmful ingredients (NO, particulate matter, etc.) are more noisy, environmental aspects in the environment has attracted attention.4) a great range of power and speed (power 1-65580KW, speed 54-5000r/min), so wide application area.5) structure is more complex, parts materials and processes are higher, higher manufacturing costs, higher quality compared with gasoline. There are threemajor advantages:a. economy. Firstly, the energy content of diesel fuel per unit than gasoline; secondly, a compression ignition engine characteristics, so that the thermal efficiency higher than gasoline. Average fuel consumption of diesel gasoline lower than 30% to 40%.b. environmental protection. In general, the main vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. In contrast, the engine of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide emissions is very low, but the particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions than gasoline control more difficult to handle. This is due to the characteristics of the engine itself, through modern technology to settle.c. diesel engine low speed high torque characteristics of the car provides better performance. Through the use of advanced technology and electronically controlled fuel injection technology, modern diesel engines in the power, speed, comfort indicators have been tantamount to gasoline.1.2 Status of foreign diesel technologyWestern European countries currently only trucks and buses use diesel engines, but the proportion of cars using diesel is quite large. Recently, the U.S. Department of Energy and the federal government to the three major U.S. auto companies on behalf of the American Automobile Research Institute Council is developing a new generation diesel economy cars will be the same as the power configuration. After years of research, a lot of new technology, the biggest problem diesel smoke and noise major breakthrough, reaching the level of gasoline. Here are some of the current foreign diesel applications of new technologies:1) Common rail with four-valve technologyCommon rail diesel engine is currently commonly used foreign new technology, four-valve technology and turbo intercooler technology combine to make the engine performance and emission limits achieved good results, to meet Euro 3 emission limits and regulations.The first high-pressure diesel fuel at high pressure common rail system (spray oil) state sets in what is called common rail storage container, and the electromagnetic three-way valve and the injection pressure in the common rail diesel fuel leads to the same injector jet tasks to complete. Installed in the high pressure in the use of high-speed, powerful electromagnetic relief valve to control the start of injection and direct fuel injection, gasoline engine with electronically controlled fuel injection system principle difference is that you can also change the time or change the solenoid valve lift pressure The hydraulic oil to achieve the injection rate and injection pressure control. It also has the energysub-cylinder control and fast response and so on.Four-valve structure (binary gas two exhaust) not only can improve the filling efficiency, but also because the nozzle can be centrally disposed, uniform distribution of the porous oil-beam, for the good mixing of fuel and air to create conditions; Meanwhile, in four-valve Head Admiral inlet design into two separate structures having the same shape, in order to achieve variable swirl. Coordination of these factors, can greatly improve the quality of the mixture formation (quality), reduce soot, HC and NOX emissions and improve thermal efficiency.2) high-pressure injection and electronically controlled injection technology High-pressure injection and electronically controlled injection technology is currently abroad, an important measure to reduce diesel emissions, onehigh-pressure injection and electronically controlled injection technology, effective use, can make full fuel atomization, each cylinder for optimal fuel andair mixing, thereby reducing emissions, improve machine (car) performance.3) turbocharged and intercooled technologyTurbocharged diesel engine to increase the amount of air to improve combustion of the excess air factor is to reduce the high load exhaust smoke, PM emissions and fuel consumption of effective measures. Effective air - air cooling system, can charge air temperature dropped to below 50 ℃, the temperature dropped to help the working cycle of low NOX and PM emissions decline, it is currently heavy-duty diesel engine is turbocharged and have generally cold type, not only helps to lower emissions and good fuel economy. In addition, the turbine exhaust bypass valve before the application can not only reduce PM and CO emissions, but also can improve the transient turbocharged diesel engine performance and low-speed torque.4) an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technologyEGR is commonly used in internal combustion engines developed advanced technology, its working principle is to introduce a small amount of exhaust gas within the cylinder, which can no longer burning CO2 and water vapor exhaust heat capacity is large, the combustion process can increase the ignition delay period, burning rate slows down, the maximum cylinder combustion temperature decreases, destruction of NOX formation conditions. EGR technology can significantly reduce motor vehicle emissions of NOX, but the heavy-duty diesel engine, the current preference for the use of cold EGR technology, because it not only can significantly reduce NOX, but also to maintain low levels of other pollutants.5) post-processing techniquesPost-processing of the target engine is to further improve the PM and NOX emissions. Currently the main use to install oxidation catalytic converter and theresearch and development of NOX catalytic converter and has a good ability to regenerate the particulate filter.6) reduce oil consumptionParticulate emissions from diesel engines, a considerable part of the heavy distillate oil from burning. To meet the increasingly stringent engine (vehicle) standards emission limits, to the combustion of oil drops from the minimum, i.e. to ensure the normal operation of the engine under the premise of minimizing the consumption of oil. In order to reduce diesel oil consumption, optimizing the design and manufacture of piston rings and cylinder configuration between science is very important.1.3 Status of domestic diesel technologySince 2003, the domestic diesel engine industry experienced a structural adjustment: Weifang Diesel Engine Factory in 2002 on the basis of continued rapid growth momentum, the power level has also been significantly improved; Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory in the field of commercial vehicle diesel Blair, mainly due to BAIC Foton Auman heavy truck market share rapidly increasing; Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co., Ltd. As an industry leader for a new round of product structure optimization, the smooth realization of products from Europe to the Euro ⅡⅠ transition, improved product lines ( From 4 to 6 cylinder engine cylinder machine) platform to further expand the power range, the maximum power level diesel engine can reach 257 kW (350 ps). The overall level has been significantly improved. Both from an economic or from an environmental perspective, the domestic diesel engine technology is already close to the world average. Production engine has been fully able to meet the low-end domestic heavy truck and passenger demand on the engine, without outsourcing.1.4 diesel engine trendsHeavy, huge diesel engine noise and vibration, used trucks, cars and machinery thoroughbred sport utility vehicle. But with the advances in diesel engine technology, and now many new diesel performance indicators have been able and comparable gasoline engine (and even beyond), and its unmatched fuel economy will have far better than gasoline. Therefore, more and more new cars diesel engines began to adopt. TDI is the English "Turbo Direct Injection" abbreviation Chinese means "electronically controlled common rail direct injection turbo diesel engine." TDI through the use of electronically controlled common rail direct injection and turbocharger technology, to solve the many problems of older diesel engines.Global automotive "diesel" trend has been formed. In the United States, Japan and Europe, 100% heavy-duty diesel-powered cars. In Europe, 90% and 33% of commercial vehicle diesel sedans. In the United States, 90% of commercial vehicles for the diesel vehicles. In Japan, 38% of commercial vehicles to diesel vehicles, 9.2% of the cars as diesel cars. Experts predict that in the next 20 years or even longer period of time will become the world'sdiesel-powered vehicles mainstream. Governments of developed countries on the world automobile engine development has also been given a high priority, from tax, fuel supply and has taken measures to promote the popularization and development of diesel engines.Current and future diesel engine technology for a period trends highlighted in the following aspects:1) to further optimize the combustion system, with particular emphasis injection systems development and selectionPerkins's Ouadram combustion chamber, the combustion chamber Hino's HMMS, Komatsu Isuzu MTEC combustion chamber and the combustion chamberquadrangle, etc., are in the experimental stage of development, its basic features are a central vortex and swirl the air around the micro- fuel quickly and thoroughly mixed, and with an appropriate fuel injection system. At present, the injection system has entered a period of rapid development, research and development is being injected to complete a lms and limited time to properly control method of the injection quantity. Injection pressure has been increased to 160-180MPa, the laboratory has to 200 MPa. Such as common rail injection system and segmented pre-injection system, according to the engine load and speed automatically controlled injection reasonable rules and injection pressure. 2) turbocharger and variable valve timing valve supercharged and turbocharged diesel engines today have become standard features of the cold, with the engine's lightweight and small, in order to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and improve vehicle loading efficiency, we must continue to improve the supercharger ratio and turbocharger efficiency. Further increase in the load zone of a large excess air coefficient a can be reduced particulate emissions, and through the lean, and reduce heat loss and improve cycle efficiency, thereby reducing fuel consumption while, with a high supercharging and high technology, a plurality of assembly Compound turbocharger systems have become possible. Further, the fixed turbine turbocharger geometry will also be available for multipurpose electric replaced variable geometry. At present, the diesel engine in a small bore valve and an injector 4 vertical center technology has been widely applied, in order to reduce ventilation losses, the formation of the mixed gas further optimization is being studied valve with variable valve timing of the engine the entire speed range of the valve lift and timing to get the best optimization. 3) fully electronic optimization control described above, the current fuel injection timing, injection quantity, inertia supercharging, turbocharger, intake swirl, and an exhaust gasrecirculation (EGR), etc. can be optimized to achieve a variable electronic control, thus to reduce emissions and reduce fuel consumption, increase power output and startup performance plays a significant role; however, most of these controls in the content, such as EGR, automatic diagnosis, there are many techniques not perfect, pending further research and development in the future also will continue to develop other aspects of the electronic variable control mechanism, especially with the harmonization of the vehicle relative to the integration of the entire electronic control system. 4) whether the diesel exhaust after-treatment technologies such as the use of a catalyst gasoline significantly reduce emissions, especially NOx, which is the developer of diesel engines has been pursuing. United States and Europe are conducted in this study, the relevant Japanese universities, research institutes and manufacturers are magnesium and alumina, zeolite catalyst with a reducing agent for NOx reduction test, Ford and other companies are also on the catalytic reduction system (SCR) and DeNOx, catalytic converters two kinds of NOx reduction systems research. SCR technology is the use of nitrogen oxides are selectively present in the exhaust gas injected into the reactants or the reaction, the use of a catalytic converter reduces NOx emissions, exhaust oxygen gas. Reduction agent may be an HC in the exhaust gas of the diesel engine or by an additional tank compounds directly into the exhaust stream of substances, such as ammonia. Compared with SCR technology, DeNOx catalytic technology system is simple, no harmful product, currently considered the most development potential. DeNOx catalytic technology mainly to the NOx catalytic thermal fission of N2 and O2, the current problem is the catalytic converter in the exhaust gas residence time, catalytic converter efficiency is not high, so bring transformation and reduction efficiency is very restricted. To reduce particulate emissions and the development of various "known dieselparticulate traps or filters (DEF)", although many products available in Europe on diesel cars loading use, but the durability is poor and the DEF filter regeneration problems not completely resolved, therefore, the technology is also being further improved and developed.5) improving fuel fuel performance improvements, played a significant role in reducing emissions, following the United States and Europe, Japan, the beginning in 1997 to the sulfur content of gas oil to 0.05% or less, in order to significantly reduce emissions of particulate sulphate, while reducing the internal EGR caused by corrosion of the engine wear and catalyst poisoning; further reduced sulfur content, cetane number, can further reduce NOx. Reducing aromatics, especially the reduction of 3 or more rings of the aromatic component, to reduce emissions of sulfur particles, 90% distillation temperature, improved ignition performance; through the use of oxy-fuel or additives to reduce smoke particles. To meet low sulfur and injection pressure increased significantly, to ensure lubricity of fuel injection device, it improve the development of fuel placed great expectations. Second, gasoline machine technology status and development trendCurrently, the most widely used, the largest number of automobile engine is water-cooled, four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, in which more than gasoline for cars and light goods vehicles, buses and medium and heavy-duty truck engines, mostly diesel engines. Few cars and light vans diesel engine is also useful. There is also a high profile, but very few applications of the engine, which is triangular rotary piston engine, the rotor engine. Such as Mazda's RX-7 sports car is to install the rotary engine.2.1 Gasoline foreign technology statusTo accommodate for fuel-efficient cars, environmental protection, security needs, Gasoline mainly toward more fuel-efficient and more environmentallyfriendly direction, it has been performed in Europe Europe Ⅳ standard. The following is abroad in the main aspects of advanced technology gasoline.1) multi-valve technology: four valves per cylinder 3-5 (mostly 4-valve), can improve the power, improved combustion quality, such as 5-valve Jetta, Toyota8A4 valve and so on.2) double overhead camshaft (D.HC) can increase speed, improve reliability.3) variable valve timing (VVT): Depending on the speed control valve, you can save fuel, improve emissions, such as the Honda VTEC, Toyota's VVT-i and so on.4) Gasoline Turbocharged: to improve the power per liter in the case of constant displacement, can improve the power, such as the Passat 1.8T sedan.5) variable inlet length (VIM): at different speeds with different inlet lengths to ensure that any conditions have better volumetric efficiency, such as the Audi A6.6) cylinder deactivation technology: in the output power is reduced, so that partof the cylinder to stop working, you can save fuel, such as General Blazers EXT 2005 models have eight cylinders, four cylinders when needed make a stop working.7) aluminum engine: Use aluminum cylinder block, cylinder heads, pistons, etc., can reduce the quality, save fuel, such as Japan, Suzuki 1.3L, 1.4L gasoline engine.8) smart drive valve (SV A): replace the traditional camshaft, each valve lifter hasa separate drive, fuel consumption can be reduced 20% and contaminants, such as: France, Valeo has designed a prototype in 2009 to high-volume production.9) variable compression ratio gasoline engine: the transmission power control function with integrated compression ratio, the compression ratio is variable. 2005 French MCE-5 company has developed a prototype.10) Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) and lean-burn technology: high-pressure gasoline direct injection into the cylinder, surrounded by a lean mixture, to achieve stratified combustion, can improve fuel economy, saving about 20%, such as Toyota Huang. Crown 3.0L V6 gasoline engine (domestic crown without GDI technology).11) controllable burning rate of the system (CBR): two inlet, one of which is tangential inlet, and the other is neutral. Injector equal to two fuel injected into the inlet. Changing inlet control valve closed position, the air cylinder can be adjusted and mixed gas concentration swirl strength, lean burn;12) engine control ECU has reached 32, matching parameters over 6000.2.2 Domestic gasoline engine technology statusIn technical applications, the majority of models and the introduction of a joint venture production models have adopted a number of advanced foreign technology.1) Tianjin Toyota 8A, 5A, Dongfeng Honda, Beijing Hyundai, Chery SQR372 (0.8L), SQR481Q (1.6L), DPCA Elysee (1.6L), and so the use of multi-valve DOHC technology.2) Dongfeng Honda Engine, Tianjin Toyota Corolla Engine Co., Crown gasoline, Dongfeng Nissan, Beijing Hyundai and other gasoline produced models are introduced variable valve timing technology (VTEC, VVT-i, CVVT, etc.). Especially Chery company, A VL, developed with the help of independent brands 1.6LSQR481H and 2.0L SQR484H VVT petrol engine uses variable valve timing technology, Geely has also developed a technology with variable gasoline brands.3) Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine is not yet mass-produced, but Chery company A VL, developed with the help of independent brands 2.0L SQR484J gasoline use of GDI technology.4) aluminum engine more domestic products, such as Changan Suzuki Swift 1.3L gasoline engine, Dongfeng Honda Engine products, Shanghai V olkswagen POLO engines, Chery Power 1.6L SQR481F (already in operation) and SQR481 H and not commissioned SQR484J, SQR681 V (2.4L), SQR684V (3.0L) all-aluminum engine.5) Domestic Chery company has commissioned its own brand SQR481H (1.6L) has a CBR system prototype lot of other Chery models are also equipped with CBR system.6) domestic production models have been introduced quite a number of models using turbo technology: such PASSAT 1.8T, 1.8T Bora etc.; Brilliance Jinbei company in Germany, developed with the help FEV 1.8T gasoline engine is supercharged machine type (Zhonghua sedans equipped).7) cylinder deactivation technology, intelligent valve timing, variable compression ratio technology is not yet in the domestic production of gasoline used.8) EFI engine management system (EMS) are mainly domestic United Electronics Company Limited, Beijing Wan Yuan Delphi Engine Management Systems, namely China and Germany BOSCH Delphi Corporation and China and the United States joint venture. Meanwhile, there Marelli, Denso and Motorola enterprise production.9) Electronic Fuel Injection system, sensors, electronic control fuel injection pump and other domestic own production; gasoline engine exhaust system, three-way catalytic converter and ceramic core, etc., have domestic production, such as: Dalian Hua Keji to special, Tianjin Qatar grams of high-tech companies such as production of three-way catalytic converter; owned enterprises in Suzhou Japan NGK (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. green ceramic producer Ⅲ, State Ⅳ gasolineengine three-way catalytic converter ceramic core and so on. 2.3 gasoline engine technology trendsAutomotive future trends can be summarized as high power, high torque, low fuel consumption and low emissions.Since gasoline fuel economy than diesel poor, so reducing gasoline consumption has become the automotive industry must address a current problem. With a stoichiometric homogeneous mixture combustion spark ignition engine theory is widely used, its greatest advantage is practical three-way catalytic converter to reduce CO, HC and NOx and other emissions. The downside is that can not get higher fuel economy, in order to improve the engine's thermal efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, combustion technology is constantly evolving. Experienced by the gasoline engine carburetor completely mechanically controlled fuel injection mainly to the use of electronic control, direct injection, electric auxiliary supercharger and electric valves, variable compression ratio, cylinder deactivation technology changes, the development of the final gasoline programs will be integrated advantages of gasoline and diesel combustion control technology.Representative of the three most gasoline engine technologies are:Gasoline direct injection technology. Development car with gasoline engine also has the advantages of high part-load fuel economy advantage of the engine is the main research goals. Gasoline direct injection gasoline engine to improve fuel economy an important means, in recent years, in order to direct injection gasoline engine (Gasoliine Direct Injection, GDI) as the representative of the new mixture formation model research and application, which greatly improved the gasoline engine fuel economy. Japan as the representative of a non-homogeneous direct injection technology faces combustion stability and post-processing and otherissues, both in Europe as the representative of homogeneous direct injection technology is emerging. b. electric valve and non-cam engines. Variable valve timing engine (Variable Valve Timing, VVT) is addressed in the conventional vehicle engine, due to the valve timing constant resulting in some important properties of the entire engine operating range can well meet the needs presented . VVT engine technology in the range of operating conditions to provide optimum valve timing, a better solution for high speed and low speed, high load and low load under power and economy of contradiction, while a certain extent, to some extent, improved the emissions performance. With environmental protection and sustainable human development requirements, low power consumption and low pollution has become a vehicle engine development goals. VVT technology due to its advantages, increasing attention has been attention, especially in today's rapid development of electronic technology, and promote the VVT technology from the research phase to the practical stage of development. Electric and electronic fuel injection valve has important significance, it will give the engine air system control and management cycle brings a series of changes in technology, such as canceling the throttle, variable compression ratio, cylinder deactivation and other parts. c. combustion mixture. Conventional spark ignition engine combustion process in the flame propagation, the flame front temperature than the unburned mixture is much higher. Therefore, this combustion process while the uniform mixture, but the temperature is still unevenly distributed, localized heat causes the flame formed in the region after the NOx. The diesel engine is the diffusion type combustion process, the combustion process burning rate determined by the mixing rate, the ignition occurs at many points, this type of combustion process are uneven mixing and combustion, NOx in the combustion zone generate a high temperature relatively dilute, thick solid particles in the fuelproduced high temperature zone. In homogeneous charge compression ignition (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, HCCI) process, theoretically uniformly mixed gas and residual gas in the mixed gas by compression ignition, combustion is spontaneous, uniform and no flame propagation, This prevents the formation of NOx and particulates. The gasoline engine and diesel engine compression ignition homogeneous mixture combustion, the fuel technology and control technology, integrated two kinds of gasoline and diesel combustion mode HCCI HCCI advantages internal combustion engine technology is emerging. Third, the gas engineLiquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNC), liquefied natural gas (LNC) and other clean energy for its automotive good economy and low emissions of pollutants, is considered to be the ideal vehicle engine alternative fuels, are widely Application. However, compared to traditional gasoline engine, a common mixed outside the cylinder gas engine volumetric efficiency low prevalence, power down the problems which restrict the further development of gas vehicles.3.1 Natural Gas EngineNatural gas engines into a single fuel gas engines and dual-fuel engines. Single fuel gas engines. Dedicated natural gas engines generally have a higher compression ratio, and use more fuel injection system and specially natural gas vehicles with catalytic converters. For example, Toyota has developed a 5S-FNE type NGV engine works: the CNG compressed gas cylinder out of the filter through the filter, the inflow pressure regulating device; Conditioned by the oil separator into the CNG injection system, a fuel injection Injection into the inlet of each cylinder.Dual fuel natural gas engines. Mainly in existing gasoline, diesel supplysystem based on the installation of CNG converted to diesel conversion, for example, fuel is injected into the system is only a small amount of diesel fuel for ignition of natural gas and air mixture.3.2 LPG enginesLPG engines into a single fuel, dual (switchable) fuel and dual-fuel (LPG and diesel) categories. Single fuel an engine fuel supply system is designed for the design of LPG fuel, and its structure to ensure efficient use of fuel gas. Dual fuel is converted in both fuel use, with two sets of fuel supply system, whether using LPG or petrol, the engine can work, the use of selector switch from one fuel to the engine to achieve another fuel conversion , use a mix of the two fuels is not allowed. Dual-fuel car engine work means using both fuels, generally with a small amount of diesel compression ignition ignition LPG and air mixture combustion is achieved, this diesel engine is also used pure work. The system has two types of fuel while the supply of cars equipped with two supply systems and two separate fuel storage systems. Based on the engine operating conditions, the fuel quality and engine parameters, while a certain percentage of LPG and diesel fuel supplied to the engine. Low load and idle automatically converted to pure diesel work.Fourth, fuel cell technologyFuel cell (Fuel Cell, FC) is stored in the fuel and oxidant electrodes through the chemical reaction directly into electrical energy generating devices. It is not through the heat cycle, thermal cycling without limitation, high energy conversion efficiency. Fuel can be hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, coal gas, etc., battery emissions less environmental pollution. It does not require charging, as long as the external continuous fuel supply, electricity can be continuous and stable.。
汽车发动机毕业论文
汽车发动机毕业论文
汽车发动机是汽车的心脏，是驱动力的来源。
随着社会经济的快速发展，汽车发动机也在不断得到技术上的创新与突破，为人类出行提供了更加舒适、安全与可靠的动力保障。
本文将从汽车发动机的发展历史、技术创新与环保问题等方面进行论述。
汽车发动机的历史可以追溯到19世纪末。
最早的汽车发动机
是蒸汽发动机，但因其燃料消耗大且温度和压力高而逐渐被淘汰。
20世纪初，内燃机取代了蒸汽发动机，成为汽车发动机
的主流。
内燃机又分为汽油发动机和柴油发动机，其中汽油发动机是最常见的一种。
随着科技的发展，在20世纪后半叶，
出现了一系列技术创新，如涡轮增压技术、缸内直喷技术、电控喷油技术等，使汽车发动机的性能和经济性得到了大幅提高。
近年来，环保问题成为了全球范围内的关注焦点。
汽车作为一种主要的交通方式，对环境造成了较大的负面影响，尤其是尾气排放。
为了解决尾气排放的问题，汽车发动机的技术也在不断进步。
现代汽车发动机采用了诸如分层燃烧、再循环废气处理、颗粒捕集器等技术手段，大量减少了有害气体的排放量。
此外，还有一种新型的汽车发动机技术——混合动力技术，它的主要原理是将汽油发动机与电动机相结合，发挥两者的优势，减少燃料消耗和尾气排放，是未来汽车发展的一个重要趋势。
总之，汽车发动机作为汽车的核心部件，随着技术的不断创新与发展，使得汽车的性能和经济性都得到了大幅提高。
同时，环保问题也使汽车发动机的技术朝着更加清洁和高效的方向发
展。
未来，随着科技的不断进步，我们可以期待更加先进的汽车发动机出现，为人类出行提供更加舒适、环保和经济的选择。
汽车发动机毕业论文
汽车发动机毕业论文汽车发动机毕业论文引言：汽车作为现代社会不可或缺的交通工具，其发动机作为核心部件，承担着驱动力的提供和车辆性能的保障。
随着科技的进步和社会的发展，汽车发动机的研究和创新也日益受到重视。
本文将围绕汽车发动机的工作原理、技术发展和环境影响等方面展开讨论，以期对汽车发动机的研究和未来发展方向有更深入的了解。
一、汽车发动机的工作原理汽车发动机的工作原理是指通过燃烧燃料来产生动力，驱动汽车运行。
目前，主流的汽车发动机有内燃机和电动机两种类型。
内燃机又可分为汽油发动机和柴油发动机。
汽油发动机通过混合汽油和空气，在气缸内燃烧产生爆发力，驱动活塞运动，从而带动曲轴转动，最终将动力传递给车轮。
柴油发动机则是通过将柴油喷射到高温高压环境中，使其自燃产生爆发力。
电动机则是通过电能转化为机械能，驱动车辆运行。
二、汽车发动机的技术发展随着科技的进步和对环境要求的提高，汽车发动机的技术也在不断发展和创新。
一方面，为了提高燃烧效率和减少排放，汽车发动机采用了诸多技术手段。
例如，采用涡轮增压技术可以增加进气量，提高燃烧效率；采用直喷技术可以更好地控制燃油喷射和燃烧过程，减少排放。
另一方面，为了满足市场需求和环保要求，汽车发动机也在不断推陈出新。
例如，混合动力汽车和电动汽车的出现，使得汽车发动机的技术发展方向更加多元化。
三、汽车发动机对环境的影响尽管汽车发动机为人们提供了便利的交通方式，但其排放物对环境造成了一定的影响。
尤其是尾气排放中的氮氧化物、碳氢化合物和颗粒物等对空气质量和人体健康有较大的危害。
因此，减少汽车发动机的排放成为当前研究的热点。
除了技术手段的改进外，政府和社会也在鼓励绿色出行和减少车辆使用，以降低汽车发动机对环境的影响。
结论：汽车发动机作为汽车的核心部件，其研究和创新对于汽车行业的发展至关重要。
通过深入了解汽车发动机的工作原理、技术发展和环境影响，我们可以更好地把握汽车发动机的发展方向，为未来的研究和创新提供指导。
毕业论文汽车发动机
毕业论文汽车发动机汽车发动机是现代交通工具中不可或缺的核心部件之一。
它的性能和可靠性直接影响着汽车的驾驶体验和安全性。
毕业论文是对汽车发动机进行深入研究和分析的机会，旨在探讨其发展历程、技术创新和未来趋势。
首先，我们回顾一下汽车发动机的发展历程。
早期的汽车发动机采用内燃机原理，燃料通过燃烧产生高温高压气体，推动活塞运动，驱动汽车前进。
随着技术的进步，汽车发动机经历了多次革新。
从传统的汽油发动机到柴油发动机，再到如今的混合动力和电动汽车发动机，每一次的革新都带来了更高效、更环保的动力系统。
其次，我们探讨一下汽车发动机的技术创新。
随着对环境保护和能源效率要求的提高，汽车发动机的技术创新变得尤为重要。
一方面，燃油直喷技术的应用使得燃烧更加充分，提高了燃油的利用率和动力输出。
另一方面，涡轮增压技术的引入使得发动机在低转速下也能获得更大的扭矩输出，提高了加速性能和燃油经济性。
此外，电子控制系统的发展使得发动机的工作更加智能化和精确化。
然而，随着汽车行业的不断发展，汽车发动机也面临着一些挑战。
首先是环境污染问题。
传统的内燃机在燃烧过程中会产生大量的废气和尾气排放物，对环境造成严重污染。
其次是燃料效率问题。
虽然现代汽车发动机在燃油经济性方面有了很大的提升，但仍然存在能源浪费和碳排放的问题。
因此，研发更加环保和高效的发动机技术成为了当前的重要任务。
未来，汽车发动机的发展趋势将主要集中在两个方面。
一方面是新能源技术的应用。
电动汽车和混合动力汽车作为未来汽车的主要发展方向，将逐渐取代传统的燃油车型。
电动汽车发动机的优势在于零排放和低噪音，但目前还存在续航里程、充电设施等问题需要解决。
另一方面是燃料技术的创新。
生物燃料、氢燃料等新型燃料的研发和应用将进一步提高汽车发动机的环保性能和能源利用率。
总之，毕业论文是对汽车发动机进行深入研究和分析的重要机会。
通过回顾发展历程、探讨技术创新和展望未来趋势，我们可以更好地了解汽车发动机的重要性和发展方向。
汽车发动机毕业论文
汽车发动机毕业论文
汽车发动机是汽车的核心部件之一，发动机的性能对汽车的性能和可靠性有着重要影响。
本篇论文将从发动机的燃烧原理、发展历程以及发动机性能进行探讨。
首先，我们来介绍汽车发动机的燃烧原理。
汽车发动机一般采用内燃机原理，利用燃料的燃烧释放能量，推动活塞做功。
内燃机分为汽油机和柴油机两种，它们的燃料和着火方式不同。
汽油机燃烧过程是通过火花塞点燃混合气体，而柴油机通过高温高压使空气压缩至可燃温度自燃。
燃烧过程会引起气体的膨胀，推动活塞做功，最终将化学能转化为机械能。
其次，我们来看一下汽车发动机的发展历程。
汽车发动机的发展经历了多个阶段。
19世纪末20世纪初，内燃机逐渐取代了蒸汽机成为汽车的动力源。
发动机的技术不断创新，从单缸到多缸、从机械燃油喷射到电子控制燃油喷射，发动机的效率和性能不断提高。
如今，已经有了高性能、低排放的发动机，满足了人们对汽车性能和环保的需求。
最后，我们来谈谈发动机性能。
汽车发动机的性能包括动力性能和经济性能。
动力性能主要包括功率和扭矩。
发动机功率决定了汽车的最高速度和加速性能，而扭矩则决定了汽车的爬坡能力和行驶稳定性。
经济性能则主要包括燃油消耗和排放。
现代发动机通过提高燃烧效率，减少能量损失和尾气排放，实现了更低的燃油消耗和更少的污染物排放。
综上所述，汽车发动机是汽车的核心部件，其性能对整车性能
和可靠性有着重要影响。
通过不断创新和技术进步，发动机的性能已经得到了极大的提升，为人们提供了更好的驾驶体验和环境保护。
汽车技术论文范文
在当今的社会中，汽车技术已经成为了世界各国竞相发展的关键领域。
随着科学技术的不断发展，汽车技术在很多方面都得到了突破性进展，如汽车动力装置、底盘悬挂、车载电子、安全技术等等。
同时，也有很多新型汽车技术正在不断引领着汽车行业的发展。
本篇论文主要是围绕汽车技术的同步进步、市场需求、技术创新和未来发展等方面阐述了汽车技术的重要性。
一、汽车发动机技术的发展众所周知，汽车发动机是汽车的心脏，也是汽车的核心技术之一。
随着科技的进步，汽车发动机技术也得到了大幅度提升。
最近几年，汽车行业对发动机技术的关注主要集中在提高发动机动力和燃油经济性上。
这就要求汽车发动机在技术上的不断创新，以适应市场需求。
1.增压技术：增压技术就是利用涡轮增压器，使空气通过排气管产生反作用力，从而提高发动机的功率和扭矩。
与过去的自然吸气发动机相比，增压技术发动机的动力反应更加直接，动力性更强，同时在燃油经济性方面也有一定的提升。
2.缸内直喷技术：缸内直喷技术是利用高压喷嘴把燃油以高速直接喷入发机缸内，在燃烧过程中充分混合空气，从而提高燃烧效率，降低废气排放，同时还提升了发动机的动力和燃油经济性。
3.混合动力技术：混合动力是指利用电池和电动机辅助发动机来完成汽车的行驶动力。
这种技术可以提高汽车的燃油经济性，并降低废气排放。
这种技术正在成为现代汽车技术发展的趋势。
二、汽车底盘悬挂技术的发展底盘悬挂技术在汽车行业中也发挥着非常重要的作用。
它的主要作用是为汽车提供较好的悬挂系统，提高汽车的舒适性、车辆稳定性和安全性等指标。
近年来，底盘悬挂技术也得到了较大的提升。
1.电子控制空气悬挂系统：电子控制空气悬挂系统是通过传感器检测车辆的状态，调节悬挂系统的压力和高度，使车辆具有更好的稳定性和控制性。
同时，该技术还可以通过调节悬挂系统的高度来适应不同的道路情况。
2.主动式悬挂控制系统：主动式悬挂控制系统可以通过控制车辆底盘上的支承器官实现车身姿态的主动调节，从而提高了车辆的悬挂能力，降低了车辆轻重不平时的颠簸和震动。
关于汽车发动机的毕业论文
关于汽车发动机的毕业论文1.引言汽车发动机作为汽车的核心部件，在汽车的行驶中起着至关重要的作用。
因此，对汽车发动机的研究和提升一直以来都是汽车制造业和机械制造业的研究热点之一。
发动机的设计、制造和使用过程中存在着很多问题和挑战，如如何提升发动机的功率、降低油耗和减少排放等。
因此，研究和发展新型发动机技术已成为当前的主要任务之一。
本文主要介绍汽车发动机的结构、工作原理以及发动机的发展趋势。
2. 汽车发动机的结构汽车发动机分为两大类：内燃机和外燃机。
内燃机主要包括汽油发动机和柴油发动机。
汽油发动机：汽油发动机是以汽油为燃料，通过点火将混合气燃烧，从而将燃烧产生的能量转化为机械能。
汽油发动机通常分为四冲程发动机和二冲程发动机。
四冲程发动机一般包括气门、曲轴、连杆、活塞和汽缸等部件，通过活塞在汽缸内往返运动将混合气压缩、点火燃烧并从排气门排出。
二冲程发动机相对于四冲程发动机体积较小、重量较轻、结构简单，但油耗大、噪音大、污染严重，因此近年来逐步被淘汰。
柴油发动机：柴油发动机是以柴油为燃料，通过压缩空气使得柴油燃烧，从而产生能量，转化为机械能。
与汽油发动机不同的是，柴油发动机没有点火装置，而是通过高压喷油器将柴油雾化喷入预燃室，利用空气的压缩使得柴油自燃，从而推动活塞转动曲轴。
柴油发动机旋转时产生的动力远高于汽油发动机，适用于重载、高速和长途运输的车辆中。
3. 汽车发动机的工作原理汽车发动机的工作原理可以用以下步骤来描述：进气，压缩、点火、燃烧、排气。
进气阶段：汽油发动机在进气阶段，汽缸内的活塞会向下移动，而曲轴则会转动，这样便会吸入混合气。
压缩阶段：气缸内的活塞开始向上移动，压缩气体，同时曲轴也跟着旋转。
点火阶段：点火系统装置向火花塞发射电子，使其火花，然后就会产生爆炸，混合气就会变为火焰，从而推动活塞向下运动，同时又转动曲轴。
燃烧阶段：混合气被燃烧产生能量，并且推动活塞以及控制曲轴的旋转，从而转化为机械能。
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摘要发动机是汽车的心脏，为汽车提供动力，密切关系着汽车的动力性、燃油经济性、平顺性。
可以说，发动机的所有结构都是为能量转换服务的。
发动机伴随着汽车走过了100多年的历史，无论是在设计、制造、工艺还是在性能、控制等方面都有了很大的提高，但其基本原理仍然没有改变。
文章从三个方面对论题展开论述，第一个方面是说明汽车发动机的发展历史，第二部分是国内外汽车发动机的技术比较，第三部分是对汽车发动机的问题与展望。
这是一个富于创造的时代，那些发动机的设计者们，不断地将最前沿的科技融入到发动机的设计制造当中，把发动机变成一个复杂的机电一体化产品，使发动机的性能达到近乎完善的程度。
各世界著名汽车厂商也将发动机的性能作为竞争亮点，更加注重能源消耗、尾气排放等与环境保护相关的方面，从而使人们在悠闲地享受汽车文化的同时，也能保护环境、节约资源。
关键词：发动机、技术比较、改进建议目录1汽车发动机技术现状 (3)1.1新材料的使用 (3)1.2燃烧模式的变革 (3)1.3燃料的多样化 (4)1.4智能控制技术的应用 (4)2国内外汽车发动机技术特点比较 (6)2.1国外发动机技术特点 (6)2.2国内发动机的技术特点 (7)3问题与展望 (8)参考文献 (9)致谢................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
1汽车发动机技术现状进入21世纪，汽车内燃机并未因其他车用动力的竞争（如电力）而成为“夕阳工业”，相反，技术进步使得车用四行程内燃机仍保持主体地位。
1.1新材料的使用高强度、低密度材料的使用，如铝与加强纤维、陶瓷材料、塑料、碳素纤维等，使内燃机不断轻量化。
与传统铸铁缸体相比，采用铝合金材料铸造的气缸体，在保证强度的前提下，质量显著减轻，导热性能有所提高，满足了现代汽车发动机的性能要求。
但由于铝合金的耐磨性不好，使用时必须镶嵌缸套。
有的汽油机汽缸盖用铝合金铸造，因铝的导热性比铸铁好，有利于提高压缩比。
铝合金缸盖的缺点是刚度低，使用中容易变形。
由于生产成本较高等原因，铝合金发动机并未完全取代传统的铸铁发动机，常见的铝合金发动机有上汽通用别克君越（LaCrosse）所搭载的2.4L直列4缸发动机、一汽-大众奥迪A6L上的2.5L V型6缸发动机、东风日产骐达（TIIDA）上的1.6L发动机等。
使用聚酰胺（塑料）而非常规铝金属制造进气歧管为丰田带来了众多突破性优势：塑料取代金属后减轻了该部件约40%的重量，从而提高了燃料效率并减少了排放。
使用Ultramid®制造的进气歧管还加强了发动机空气补给，从而提高发动机的性能。
比起铝制产品，聚酰胺进气歧管的光滑内壁阻力更低，同时，由于塑料的成型更为容易，这种材料更有利于最佳空气流动设计的实现。
1.2燃烧模式的变革燃烧模式和燃烧系统发生重大变革，稀燃技术在汽油机上成功应用。
典型的有日本三菱公司缸内直喷式汽油机（GDI）、大众缸内直喷分层燃烧发动机（FSI）、凯迪拉克双模直喷发动机（SIDI）。
FSI（Fuel Stratified Injection）燃油分层喷射，是基于GDI（汽油直喷）的一种技术。
与常规的进气道喷射点燃式发动机相比，FSI将燃油直接喷入燃烧室。
由于喷雾的气化冷却作用，它优化了充气效率，实现了汽油机质的调节，大大降低了进气损失。
分层燃烧减少了发动机的传热损失，从而增大了满负荷的输出功率并降低了部分负荷的燃油消耗。
大众FSI发动机利用一个高压泵，使汽油通过一个分流轨道（共轨）到达电磁控制的高压喷嘴。
它的特点是空气在进气道中已经产生涡流，进气流以最佳的涡流形态进入燃烧室内，通过分层填充的方式推动，使混合气集中在位于燃烧室中央的火花塞周围。
通过缸内空气的运动在火花塞周围形成易于点燃的浓混合气，空燃比达到12：1左右，外层逐渐稀薄。
浓混合气点燃后，燃烧迅速扩散至外层。
FSI发动机既然有如此多的技术优势，相应的其对发动机硬件和油品的要求也就很高。
首先，它的喷油器安装在燃烧室内，这就要求其具备在高温高压环境下可靠工作的能力。
其次，油路中必须具备比气缸内更高的压力才能有效地把汽油喷射入气缸。
燃油管路中的压力提高以后，管接头密封处的强度也要随之提高。
这样就对喷油器的设计和制造工艺提出了更高的要求。
除此之外，FSI发动机的压缩比较高，可达11.5：1，在这种情况下对燃油标号和油品的要求就很严格。
就中国的情况来说，必须使用97号及以上的高清洁度汽油。
1.3燃料的多样化燃料更加多样，对于控制排气污染、改善燃油经济性、减少内燃机对日益短缺的石油基燃料的依赖，各国进行了大量内燃机代用燃料的研究工作，并在一定范围内取代汽油和柴油，如用天然气、液化石油气、甲醇、乙醇、合成汽油、合成柴油、生物柴油以及二甲基醚等。
天然气(NG)是一种清洁、高效、优质能源，在世界各国得到广泛的利用。
液化天然气(LNG)是将天然气在-162℃常压下转化成液态，其液化后的体积为常压下气态的1/600~1/625，小于压缩天然气(CNG)的体积；而CNG是将常温常压下的天然气压缩到20~25MPa后的高压天然气，其体积为常温常压下气态的1/200~1/250，是LNG体积的2.5~3.0倍。
由于CNG具有体积较小、储存效率较高和运输较方便等优势；既可将其作为民用、工业和城市燃气调峰，也可作为汽车燃料。
目前，我国CNG汽车在四川成都、重庆、郑州、北京、开封、济南等城市迅猛发展，全国天然气汽车拥有量已超10万辆。
但天然气和汽油、柴油相比更易燃易爆，对天然气气源和管网的依赖性较强，只能在有天然气管网的地点建设CNG加气站等相应的基础设施。
1.4智能控制技术的应用VVT—i（Variable Valve Timing with intelligence）系统是丰田公司的智能可变气门正时系统的英文缩写，最新款丰田轿车的发动机已普遍安装了VVT—i系统。
丰田的VVT—i系统可连续调节气门正时，但不能调节气门升程。
它的各种智能控制技术更加成熟。
例如，在进气系统方面，本田的VTEC、丰田的VVT-i、现代的CVVT、通用的DVVT等可变气门正时技术都得到了广泛应用；柴油机电控技术，包括高压共轨技术、电控泵喷嘴、电控单体泵、增压及中冷技术等向小型柴油机和汽油机扩展。
欧洲可以说是柴油汽车的天堂，在德国柴油轿车占了39%。
柴油轿车已有了近70年的历史，可以说柴油发动机有了突飞猛进的发展。
1997年，博世与奔驰公司联合开发了共轨柴油喷射系统(Common Rail System)。
今天在欧洲，众多品牌的轿车都配有共轨柴油发动机，如标致公司就有HDI共轨柴油发动机、菲亚特公司的JTD发动机，而德尔福则开发了Multec DCR柴油共轨系统。
2国内外汽车发动机技术特点比较2.1国外发动机技术特点（1）涡轮增压+缸内直喷技术广泛应用奔驰、宝马、别克、大众、奥迪等外国品牌车型上均可以看到涡轮增压直喷技术的大量应用。
（2）可变气缸技术发动机通过智能系统，一旦判断出现有行驶状态为中速或者低速发动机负荷工况，发动机将仅运转部分气缸；当行驶状态为中等速度、高速巡航或缓坡中的一种时，发动机再多运转气缸；当行驶状态属于起步、加速、爬坡等需要大功率输出的集中情况之一，全部气缸将投入工作。
君越旗舰版的3.0LV6升发动机采用了DOD可变排量控制技术。
广汽本田雅阁3.5LV6旗舰版采用了智能变缸发动机。
克莱斯勒300C采用了MDS多级可变排量系统。
目前，这一技术在国内自主研发车型上还很少见，仅在一汽自主研发的CA6GV汽油发动机上有采用，但也只是在研发阶段。
（3）可变进气歧管技术当发动机低速运动时，由于气门开合频率低，此时如果选用长进气歧管，能够够更容易达到进气共振，有利于提高发动机低速进气功率；当发动机处于高速运转时，由于气门开合频率高，如果选用短的进气管，能够获得更合拍的高频进气共振，从而提高高速时的进气频率。
可变进气歧管技术就是通过改变发动机低速运转和高转速时的进气管长度来提高进气功率，从而提高发动机的动力性和经济性。
宝马3系318i发动机上采用了可变进气歧管技术。
奔驰的V6发动机采用了共振进气歧管技术。
（4）可变气门升程技术的应用通过改变气门升程，即改变进气面积的方式，来提高发动机进气流量。
当发动机低速转时，使用较小的气门升程，提高低速转时的进排气效率；当发动机高速转时，采用较大的气门升程，提高高速转时的进气流量。
广汽本田的理念S1、锋范飞度、雅阁、奥德赛均采用了本田i-VTEC技术；英菲尼迪FX50/M37/25/G37/25采用了VVEL连续可变气门升程技术。
（5）均质压燃技术均质混合气压燃是指气缸里注入比例非常均匀的空气和燃料混合气，通过活塞压缩混合空气使之温度升高至一定程度时自行燃烧。
它是以往复式汽油机为基础的一种新兴燃烧模式，简单来说就是汽油机的压燃方式。
马自达SKYACTIV-G发动机采用了均质混合压缩点燃技术，压缩比例高达14：1，也是马自达最新研发的第一款全球最高压缩比的直喷式汽油发动机，克服了高压缩比发动机异常燃烧的问题。
（6）自动启停技术自动启停系统能够使汽车在遇红灯或短暂停车时，自动停止发动机运转，有效降低车辆的燃油油耗及废气排放。
奔驰的AMG5.5LV8双涡轮增压发动机采用了自动启停技术。
东风雪铁龙新C4也采用了这一技术。
2.2国内发动机的技术特点（1）可变气门正时技术的广泛应用可变气门正时，其主要功能是改变发动机气门开启和闭合的时间，以达到更合理地控制相应发动机转速所需要的空气量，从而降低油耗，提高经济性。
目前，可变气门技术正时技术已被广泛应用于各个车型上。
长城、比亚迪、奇瑞、海马大多采用了VVT技术。
尽管各个厂商和车型间的技术水平还有一定差距，但整体来看可变正时系统已经成为比较大众化的技术。
（2）涡轮增压和缸内直喷技术处于研发阶段比亚迪在G61.5Ti车型上及比亚迪3系以上车型使用了涡轮增压直喷发动机。
长城汽车全面采用了涡轮增压、缸内直喷等先进技术。
涡轮增压发动机已搭载在腾翼C50上，其它款发动机均处于研发阶段。
吉利分别在β平台和γ平台上开发出1.0T、1.3T涡轮增压机型及1.5L缸内直喷机型。
（3）VVT技术与GDI技术结合国内的直喷技术起点技术几乎一致，都是采用VVT与GDI相结合的应用，同时为应付日益增长的小排量大动力的需求，相应地增加了增压技术来获得动力性能的发挥。
（4）轻量化技术单一国内自主研发发动机在轻量化方面主要从轻量化材料方面进行突破，发动机采用全铝材质，进气歧管采用塑料等。
而国外，在轻量化方面，除了从材料上进行改进外还从技术上进行了大量研究。